“東(dong)(dong)川紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)”位(wei)于(yu)昆(kun)明市(shi)以(yi)北偏東(dong)(dong)方向,屬(shu)昆(kun)明市(shi)東(dong)(dong)川區。從昆(kun)明到達景(jing)點(dian)中(zhong)心行程(cheng)約250公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)車程(cheng),主要景(jing)點(dian)在(zai)海拔1800至(zhi)2600之間。因(yin)云(yun)(yun)南(nan)東(dong)(dong)川高溫多(duo)(duo)雨下(xia)(xia)發育而成的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)色土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang),這(zhe)(zhe)種土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)含鐵、鋁成分較多(duo)(duo),有(you)(you)機質少,酸性強,土(tu)(tu)(tu)質黏重。這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)方圓近(jin)(jin)百里(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域是(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)南(nan)紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)高原上最集中(zhong)、最典(dian)型、最具(ju)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。襯以(yi)藍天、白云(yun)(yun)和(he)那(nei)變(bian)幻莫測的(de)(de)(de)(de)光線,構(gou)成了(le)(le)紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)壯(zhuang)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)色。在(zai)景(jing)區生長著一(yi)顆沙松樹,為松科冷杉屬(shu),據說已有(you)(you)上千年(nian)樹齡,曾(ceng)枯死三年(nian)又(you)吐新芽,被當地(di)(di)(di)(di)村民(min)稱其為“老龍樹”,保佑(you)著這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)方鄉(xiang)民(min)。墨客前往老龍樹景(jing)點(dian)時突然驚雷交加(jia),陳雨瀟瀟;瞬間又(you)云(yun)(yun)舒日(ri)出,據說是(shi)(shi)數(shu)十年(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吉象。云(yun)(yun)南(nan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)溫暖濕潤的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)里(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵質經過氧化(hua)慢慢沉(chen)積(ji)下(xia)(xia)來(lai),逐漸形成了(le)(le)炫目的(de)(de)(de)(de)色彩(cai)。東(dong)(dong)川紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)指的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)位(wei)于(yu)昆(kun)明市(shi)東(dong)(dong)川區西南(nan)40多(duo)(duo)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)鎮、有(you)(you)一(yi)名叫“花石頭(tou)”(在(zai)109公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)程(cheng)碑處(chu))的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方,這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)方圓近(jin)(jin)百里(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域是(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)南(nan)紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)高原上最集中(zhong)、最典(dian)型、最具(ju)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。每(mei)年(nian)9至(zhi)12月,一(yi)部(bu)分紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)翻根待種,另一(yi)部(bu)分紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)已經種上綠(lv)綠(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青稞(ke)或小(xiao)麥和(he)其他農(nong)作物,遠遠看去,就(jiu)像(xiang)上天涂抹(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)色塊,色彩(cai)絢麗斑(ban)斕,襯以(yi)藍天、白云(yun)(yun)和(he)那(nei)變(bian)幻莫測的(de)(de)(de)(de)光束,構(gou)成了(le)(le)紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)壯(zhuang)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)色。
東川紅土(tu)地(di)位于昆明市東川區(qu)、一(yi)個叫“花(hua)石頭”(在(zai)109公里里程碑處)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang),被專家認(ren)為是全世界除巴西(xi)里約熱內(nei)盧外最有氣勢的(de)(de)(de)紅土(tu)地(di),而其景(jing)象(xiang)甚至(zhi)比巴西(xi)紅土(tu)地(di)更為壯美。放眼望去,山(shan)(shan)川和原野(ye)呈現出(chu)一(yi)片(pian)片(pian)暗紅、紫(zi)紅、磚紅等不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)紅色(se),方(fang)圓數百里大(da)大(da)小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)頭、山(shan)(shan)坡上,油(you)菜(cai)花(hua)與洋芋花(hua)熱烈地(di)綻放著,金色(se)的(de)(de)(de)麥浪在(zai)清涼的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)風下如碧浪般翻滾,一(yi)層綠,一(yi)層白,又一(yi)層紅,一(yi)層金。
交通路線:
【客車】
昆(kun)明北部汽(qi)車客(ke)運(yun)站(zhan)有昆(kun)明至東川(chuan)的客(ke)車,票價49元,行程約3小時。
【自駕】
從昆明到紅土地,有兩條線路可(ke)供選擇:第一條是走(zou)昆曲、嵩(song)待高速,第二條走(zou)轎子(zi)雪山旅(lv)游專(zhuan)線。分別(bie)介(jie)紹如(ru)下(xia):
第一(yi)條(tiao):從昆(kun)明出發(fa)進(jin)入(ru)昆(kun)曲(qu)高(gao)速(su)(su)——昆(kun)嵩(song)(song)高(gao)速(su)(su)——嵩(song)(song)明高(gao)速(su)(su)——嵩(song)(song)待高(gao)速(su)(su)——看到(dao)東(dong)(dong)川指示(shi)牌后就是龍潭出口——東(dong)(dong)川區(這高(gao)速(su)(su)標注不是很清晰容易誤導人,進(jin)入(ru)高(gao)速(su)(su)后別走G8511,一(yi)定往左邊口進(jin)入(ru))在嵩(song)(song)待高(gao)速(su)(su)下了龍潭出口,也是通往紅土(tu)地必經之路,指示(shi)明確,建(jian)議走這條(tiao)路。
第二條(tiao):由昆明(ming)西(xi)北(bei)方向(xiang)的普吉立交進(jin)入“轎子雪山旅游專(zhuan)線”,到倘(tang)(tang)甸(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)(當地(di)人又叫馬街)后,轉(zhuan)紅土地(di)方向(xiang),總行程約(yue)150公里(li)(li)。昆明(ming)至倘(tang)(tang)甸(dian)(dian)路(lu)段(duan)為旅游專(zhuan)線,距(ju)離(li)約(yue)100公里(li)(li),路(lu)面情況良好,平均時(shi)速(su)可達80公里(li)(li);倘(tang)(tang)甸(dian)(dian)到紅土地(di)約(yue)有50公里(li)(li),中(zhong)間多為鄉村公路(lu),平均時(shi)速(su)約(yue)40~50公里(li)(li)。
紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)土(tu)地(di)是一種低(di)產(chan)貧瘠土(tu)壤(rang)(rang),主要(yao)是因(yin)為人為和天氣自然因(yin)素加速(su)“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)土(tu)沙漠化”。由(you)于(yu)人多地(di)少(shao),過(guo)(guo)度(du)開發(fa),濫伐森林(lin),加上土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)本身的(de)特性,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(rang)區的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)生(sheng)產(chan)力低(di)下,水土(tu)流(liu)失(shi)嚴(yan)重,并在不少(shao)地(di)區嚴(yan)重退化,形成“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)色荒(huang)漠化”。陡(dou)坡開墾或(huo)過(guo)(guo)度(du)墾殖(zhi),或(huo)者(zhe)毀林(lin)開荒(huang),砍(kan)林(lin)取(qu)薪破(po)壞地(di)表植被導致(zhi)水土(tu)流(liu)失(shi),土(tu)地(di)退化。另外,南方山區丘陵 水土(tu)流(liu)失(shi)嚴(yan)重,危害(hai)大于(yu)黃(huang)土(tu)高原。導致(zhi)石質裸(luo)露,不能(neng)恢復,形成“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)色荒(huang)漠”。