沈(shen)從文先生(1902~1988),現代作家(jia)、歷史文物研究(jiu)學者。原名(ming)沈(shen)岳煥,筆(bi)名(ming)小(xiao)兵、懋琳、休(xiu)蕓蕓等。湖南鳳凰(今屬(shu)湘(xiang)西土家(jia)族苗族自(zi)治州)人,苗族。1918年小(xiao)學畢業后隨本(ben)鄉土著部隊到沅水流域各地(di),隨軍在(zai)川(chuan)、湘(xiang)、鄂、黔四省邊區生活。1923年到北京自(zi)學并學習寫(xie)作。
1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)開(kai)始(shi)發表作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin),并(bing)與胡也(ye)頻(pin)合編(bian)《京報副刊》和(he)《民眾(zhong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)藝》周(zhou)刊。1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)到上海與胡也(ye)頻(pin)、丁(ding)玲(ling)編(bian)輯(ji)(ji)《紅(hong)黑(hei)》、《人(ren)間》雜志。翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)任教于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)公學(xue)(xue)。1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起在(zai)武漢(han)大(da)學(xue)(xue)、青島大(da)學(xue)(xue)任教。1934年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起編(bian)輯(ji)(ji)北(bei)平(ping)和(he)天津的(de)《大(da)公報》副刊《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)藝》。抗(kang)日(ri)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭爆發后(hou)(hou),到昆明(ming)任西南聯合大(da)學(xue)(xue)教授。抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)勝利后(hou)(hou),任北(bei)京大(da)學(xue)(xue)教授,編(bian)輯(ji)(ji)《大(da)公報》、《益世報》等(deng)(deng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)副刊。從(cong)(cong)1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出版第一(yi)(yi)(yi)本(ben)(ben)創(chuang)(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)集(ji)(ji)《鴨子》開(kai)始(shi),沈(shen)(shen)從(cong)(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)出版了(le)70余種(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)集(ji)(ji),被(bei)人(ren)稱為(wei)多產(chan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)家(jia)(jia)。至40年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)刊行的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)主(zhu)要有:短篇(pian)小說(shuo)集(ji)(ji)《蜜柑》、《雨(yu)后(hou)(hou)及其(qi)他》、《神巫(wu)之愛》、《旅店(dian)及其(qi)他》、《石子船》、《虎雛》、《阿黑(hei)小史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》、《月下(xia)小景(jing)》、《如蕤集(ji)(ji)》、《八駿(jun)圖》,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)篇(pian)小說(shuo)《一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)母親》、《邊城》,長(chang)篇(pian)小說(shuo)《舊夢》、《長(chang)河(he)》,散(san)(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)集(ji)(ji)《記(ji)胡也(ye)頻(pin)》、《記(ji)丁(ding)玲(ling)》、《從(cong)(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)自傳》、《湘行散(san)(san)記(ji)》、《湘西》等(deng)(deng)。還有論文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)集(ji)(ji)《沫沫集(ji)(ji)》、《廢郵存底》、《云南看云集(ji)(ji)》,批評(ping)專集(ji)(ji)《現(xian)代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)家(jia)(jia)評(ping)論選》,以(yi)及多種(zhong)沈(shen)(shen)從(cong)(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)選集(ji)(ji)和(he)多卷本(ben)(ben)《沈(shen)(shen)從(cong)(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)集(ji)(ji)》等(deng)(deng)。他的(de)小說(shuo)取材廣泛,描(miao)寫了(le)從(cong)(cong)鄉村到城市各色人(ren)物(wu)(wu)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)反映湘西下(xia)層人(ren)民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)最具特色。代(dai)表作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《邊城》以(yi)兼具抒情詩和(he)小品(pin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)優美(mei)(mei)筆觸,表現(xian)自然、民風和(he)人(ren)性的(de)美(mei)(mei),提(ti)供了(le)富于詩情畫(hua)意(yi)的(de)鄉村風俗畫(hua)幅,充滿(man)牧歌情調(diao)和(he)地方色彩(cai),形成別具一(yi)(yi)(yi)格(ge)的(de)抒情鄉土小說(shuo)。他的(de)創(chuang)(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)表現(xian)手法不拘一(yi)(yi)(yi)格(ge),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體不拘常(chang)例,故事不拘常(chang)格(ge),嘗試各種(zhong)體式和(he)結構進行創(chuang)(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),成為(wei)現(xian)代(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上不可多得的(de)"文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)體作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)家(jia)(jia)"。他的(de)散(san)(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)獨具魅力,為(wei)現(xian)代(dai)散(san)(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)增(zeng)添了(le)藝術光(guang)彩(cai)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)些后(hou)(hou)來的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)家(jia)(jia)曾深(shen)受他創(chuang)(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)風格(ge)的(de)影響。在(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)態度(du)上,沈(shen)(shen)從(cong)(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直堅(jian)持自由主(zhu)義立場,堅(jian)持文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)要超越(yue)政(zheng)治和(he)商業的(de)影響。 1948年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)沈(shen)(shen)從(cong)(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)受到了(le)左翼文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化界猛(meng)烈批判(pan),郭(guo)沫若(ruo)斥責沈(shen)(shen)從(cong)(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng):"一(yi)(yi)(yi)直是有意(yi)識的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)反動派而(er)活(huo)動著(zhu)(zhu)"。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),沈(shen)(shen)從(cong)(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)放(fang)棄了(le)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)創(chuang)(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),被(bei)安排到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館,擔任了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館的(de)講解員。沈(shen)(shen)從(cong)(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)下(xia)半生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)從(cong)(cong)事文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)、工藝美(mei)(mei)術圖案及物(wu)(wu)質文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)研究工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)調(diao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)社會科(ke)學(xue)(xue)院歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研究所任研究員,致力于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)服飾及其(qi)他史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)領域(yu)的(de)研究。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)發表了(le)《唐(tang)宋銅鏡》、《龍鳳藝術》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)服飾研究》等(deng)(deng)學(xue)(xue)術著(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。與沈(shen)(shen)從(cong)(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)的(de)默(mo)默(mo)無聞相反,沈(shen)(shen)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)名(ming)(ming)聲鵲起,于1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)應邀赴美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)講學(xue)(xue),并(bing)進入諾貝爾文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)獎(jiang)的(de)終審名(ming)(ming)單。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),86歲的(de)沈(shen)(shen)從(cong)(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)因(yin)為(wei)心臟病復發離開(kai)了(le)人(ren)世,為(wei)后(hou)(hou)人(ren)留下(xia)了(le)無限的(de)惋惜。
一 星星之火
二 我在怎樣環境中受教育
三 一(yi)點新的(de)外力(li),擴大了我的(de)幻想和信心
四 新的起點
五 跛者不忘履
阿黑小史
《阿黑小史》序
阿黑小史
油坊
病
秋
婚前
雨
鳳子
鳳子
一 寄居青島(dao)的生活
二 一個黃昏
三 隱者朋友
四 某(mou)一個晚上(shang)紳士(shi)的客廳里
五(wu) 一個被地圖所遺忘的地方被歷(li)史所遺忘的一天
六 礦場
七 去礦山(shan)的(de)路上
八 在栗林中
九 日與夜
十 神之再現