宋(song)(song)少(shao)(shao)帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling),早期稱宋(song)(song)少(shao)(shao)帝(di)(di)(di)墓,是南宋(song)(song)最后一個皇帝(di)(di)(di)宋(song)(song)少(shao)(shao)帝(di)(di)(di)趙(zhao)昺的(de)陵(ling)墓,位(wei)于(yu)中國廣東省深圳市南山區(qu)招商街道(dao)赤灣村少(shao)(shao)帝(di)(di)(di)路(lu)、赤灣公園附近,是廣東省境內的(de)一座(zuo)宋(song)(song)代皇帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)寢。宋(song)(song)少(shao)(shao)帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)是深圳市第一批重點(dian)文物保(bao)護單位(wei)。
宋少(shao)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)遠沒有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)般(ban)皇(huang)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)那(nei)么大氣,整個陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)幾乎一(yi)覽無余。陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)北依(yi)小南山,南臨伶(ling)仃洋。正中就是少(shao)帝(di)墓(mu),墓(mu)地中央豎立一(yi)塊大石碑(bei),墓(mu)碑(bei)的(de)上方刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)祥龍兩幅,中間刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)太陽浮雕(diao);墓(mu)碑(bei)正中鐫刻(ke)(ke)“大宋祥慶少(shao)帝(di)之(zhi)陵(ling)(ling)”八(ba)個填(tian)金(jin)大字(zi)(據說,“祥慶”應為“祥興(xing)”之(zhi)誤(wu),但在粵語中,“慶”和(he)“興(xing)”讀音相近(jin));右(you)左兩行填(tian)金(jin)小字(zi)為:“本山坐于兼(jian)祭復卦四支”、“辛亥歲趙(zhao)氏三派裔(yi)孫重修”,兩旁有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)金(jin)字(zi)對聯(lian):“黃(huang)裔(yi)于今延(yan)宋祀,赤灣長此鞏皇(huang)陵(ling)(ling)”。
碑(bei)后(hou)為墳堆,有兩重(zhong)弧(hu)形(xing)圍(wei)墻,前(qian)段中間頂面塑(su)祥云拱(gong)月,涂染朱紅(hong),后(hou)段頂面塑(su)雙龍(long)拱(gong)日,下有一只(zhi)鳳鳥(niao)裝飾。
墓(mu)的東側(ce),立有一塊泉州白石(shi)碑(bei)(bei),正面是《宋帝(di)昺陵墓(mu)碑(bei)(bei)記》,記敘了宋少(shao)帝(di)的生(sheng)平、陸秀夫負帝(di)殉(xun)海的經(jing)過以及(ji)陵墓(mu)的修建情況,碑(bei)(bei)文為篆體(ti)陰文,風格(ge)古拙(zhuo),是著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)書(shu)法家商承祚所寫(xie)。石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)背面則刻有著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)書(shu)法家秦萼(e)生(sheng)題筆的八個大字:“崖海潛龍,赤灣延帝(di)”,字體(ti)蒼勁。
乘坐(zuo)b600路、b819路至“赤灣小(xiao)學”站(zhan)下。
宋少帝(di)(di)(di),也稱(cheng)宋末帝(di)(di)(di),名叫趙(zhao)昺(bǐng),是(shi)宋度宗趙(zhao)禥(qí)的(de)兒子,宋末三帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)一。趙(zhao)禥有三個(ge)兒子,二兒子趙(zhao)顯是(shi)嫡子,大(da)兒子趙(zhao)昰(shì)和三兒子趙(zhao)昺是(shi)庶子。
趙昺生于公元(yuan)1271年(nian),這(zhe)一年(nian),忽必(bi)烈建立(li)了元(yuan)朝,因此(ci),他一出(chu)生就注定是一場悲劇。1274年(nian),度宗死在酒色(se)之中,四(si)歲的嫡子趙顯在奸臣賈似道的扶持(chi)下登基做皇帝,稱為宋(song)恭(gong)帝。當時(shi)宋(song)元(yuan)交(jiao)戰,元(yuan)兵已飲馬(ma)長江,南宋(song)國勢危(wei)急。
1276年,南(nan)(nan)宋(song)國都臨(lin)安(an)(杭(hang)州)陷落,宋(song)恭帝(di)(di)被俘。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)大臣(chen)護送趙(zhao)(zhao)昰和趙(zhao)(zhao)昺(bing)南(nan)(nan)逃,并(bing)在(zai)福州擁立趙(zhao)(zhao)昰為帝(di)(di),即宋(song)端(duan)宗。元兵窮追不(bu)舍,南(nan)(nan)宋(song)小朝廷被迫繼續逃亡(wang)到(dao)廣東(dong)(dong)。1278年端(duan)宗病死,大臣(chen)們(men)就擁立8歲(sui)的趙(zhao)(zhao)昺(bing)為帝(di)(di),改年號為祥興(xing),并(bing)以陸(lu)秀夫為左(zuo)丞(cheng)相,張世杰(jie)為太傅,進駐廣東(dong)(dong)新(xin)會崖(ya)山,繼續抗(kang)擊元軍。
祥(xiang)興二年(1279)正(zheng)月,元軍(jun)進(jin)攻崖(ya)山,宋元兩軍(jun)在廣東新會的(de)崖(ya)山海面決戰(zhan),結果,張世杰所率宋軍(jun)寡不敵眾,大敗海上。3月19日,陸(lu)秀夫見大勢已去(qu),于是身穿朝(chao)服,將8歲的(de)小皇帝(di)(di)(di)趙昺抱(bao)到船頭,叩首再拜道:“國事至此(ci),陛下(xia)當(dang)為(wei)國死。德祐(you)皇帝(di)(di)(di)(宋恭(gong)帝(di)(di)(di))辱已甚(shen),陛下(xia)不可再辱!”言(yan)罷,背(bei)起小皇帝(di)(di)(di),跳入茫茫大海,至此(ci),南宋徹(che)底滅亡。