書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)布局(ju)因地制(zhi)宜,門樓(lou)座(zuo)(zuo)西朝(chao)東(取紫氣東來之意(yi)),兩(liang)(liang)層,高(gao)約(yue)(yue)10米(mi)(mi),青磚(zhuan)砌筑(zhu),鑊蓋耳,風(feng)火山(shan)(shan)(shan)墻(qiang)(qiang),綠(lv)簡(jian)瓦,灰塑瓦脊(ji),綠(lv)琉璃瓦剪邊(bian),門上(shang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)額(e)“何家(jia)祠道”。過(guo)門樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)庭(ting)(ting)園,面(mian)積約(yue)(yue)140平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。庭(ting)(ting)園南(nan)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)照壁,北(bei)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)主(zhu)體建(jian)筑(zhu)正(zheng)祠及兩(liang)(liang)側書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)舍(she)。正(zheng)祠座(zuo)(zuo)北(bei)朝(chao)南(nan),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)進(jin)(jin)式。前(qian)座(zuo)(zuo)頭門,寬(kuan)(kuan)11.75米(mi)(mi),深構7.5米(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)面(mian)寬(kuan)(kuan)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)。步上(shang)三(san)(san)(san)臺(tai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)階,有一(yi)(yi)(yi)般祠堂(tang)(tang)(tang)所常見的(de)(de)方(fang)形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱,兩(liang)(liang)側為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)麻石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai),進(jin)(jin)2米(mi)(mi)后(hou)(hou)至(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)門,門上(shang)有花崗(gang)巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)額(e),上(shang)刻(ke)(ke)“廬江(jiang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)”(見圖片)。中(zhong)(zhong)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)端有“必得其(qi)壽”彩繪,頭門后(hou)(hou)亦(yi)(yi)有兩(liang)(liang)根(gen)(gen)方(fang)形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱,并以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心分墻(qiang)(qiang)分別承重(zhong)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)梁(liang)架。墻(qiang)(qiang)體為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水磨(mo)青磚(zhuan)對縫砌筑(zhu),墀頭處(chu)有磚(zhuan)雕(diao),綠(lv)琉璃瓦下有漆金(jin)木(mu)雕(diao)橫(heng)(heng)披,硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂上(shang)正(zheng)脊(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)博古灰塑瓦脊(ji)。整座(zuo)(zuo)頭門莊嚴而華麗。頭門井長(chang)約(yue)(yue)7.5米(mi)(mi),左右兩(liang)(liang)側皆有廊(lang)廡。二座(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)闊11.8米(mi)(mi),進(jin)(jin)深8.8米(mi)(mi),前(qian)后(hou)(hou)各(ge)有4根(gen)(gen)方(fang)形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱,堂(tang)(tang)(tang)中(zhong)(zhong)亦(yi)(yi)有4根(gen)(gen)直(zhi)徑10厘米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)坤甸木(mu)柱,托(tuo)起(qi)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)架梁(liang)。堂(tang)(tang)(tang)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)皆有出卷棚廊(lang)及接天井的(de)(de)廊(lang)廡。前(qian)廊(lang)架雕(diao)博古紋飾,古樸(pu)莊重(zhong),堂(tang)(tang)(tang)內施金(jin)線形(xing)通(tong)(tong)(tong)花木(mu)雕(diao)橫(heng)(heng)披,華貴(gui)、精巧(qiao),整座(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)給(gei)人以(yi)(yi)華美、尊貴(gui)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)透明亮之感。中(zhong)(zhong)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)天井約(yue)(yue)6米(mi)(mi)長(chang),兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)廊(lang)廡嵌有南(nan)宋至(zhi)清廣(guang)東何氏(shi)宗族世系(xi)及鼎建(jian)、重(zhong)修廬江(jiang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)的(de)(de)12方(fang)碑刻(ke)(ke)。過(guo)天井則至(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)座(zuo)(zuo)后(hou)(hou)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)。后(hou)(hou)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)于三(san)(san)(san)座(zuo)(zuo)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)大(da)(da)(da),寬(kuan)(kuan)、深各(ge)12米(mi)(mi),兩(liang)(liang)側風(feng)火山(shan)(shan)(shan)墻(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)13米(mi)(mi),進(jin)(jin)深亦(yi)(yi)各(ge)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian),堂(tang)(tang)(tang)前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2根(gen)(gen)方(fang)形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱,堂(tang)(tang)(tang)內4根(gen)(gen)坤甸大(da)(da)(da)柱,堂(tang)(tang)(tang)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)墻(qiang)(qiang)壁上(shang)供奉著祭祀神龕。整座(zuo)(zuo)大(da)(da)(da)堂(tang)(tang)(tang),高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)、寬(kuan)(kuan)敞、肅穆(mu),是(shi)舉行(xing)重(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)祭典的(de)(de)場所。書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)主(zhu)體建(jian)筑(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)側為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東、西書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)舍(she),以(yi)(yi)青云巷(xiang)與天井廊(lang)廡有門相通(tong)(tong)(tong)。東面(mian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)舍(she)一(yi)(yi)(yi)排9間(jian)(jian),魁(kui)樓(lou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)。西面(mian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)舍(she)三(san)(san)(san)排共(gong)25間(jian)(jian),其(qi)余書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)舍(she)房間(jian)(jian)共(gong)12間(jian)(jian),舍(she)門石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)額(e)分別刻(ke)(ke)有各(ge)縣、鄉名稱,如“新會房”、“恩平(ping)(ping)房”、“龍塘房”等有43間(jian)(jian)。其(qi)余皆為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附祠用房。東側書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)舍(she)內有魁(kui)星樓(lou),亦(yi)(yi)稱“登云樓(lou)”,樓(lou)寬(kuan)(kuan)4.3米(mi)(mi),深4.5米(mi)(mi),高(gao)三(san)(san)(san)層,鑊耳狀風(feng)火山(shan)(shan)(shan)墻(qiang)(qiang),正(zheng)脊(ji)置(zhi)琉璃鏊魚寶珠,墻(qiang)(qiang)體上(shang)嵌有石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)額(e)兩(liang)(liang)幅,上(shang)塊(kuai)題“文光射斗”,下塊(kuai)曰(yue)“登云”。1993年(nian)修繕(shan)時(shi)重(zhong)砌樓(lou)閣(ge),把魁(kui)星樓(lou)改為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)平(ping)(ping)頂樓(lou)。
廬江書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),始建于清嘉慶(qing)十三年(nian)(1808),占地1722平方米。書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)曾(ceng)于道(dao)光、光緒年(nian)間兩(liang)度重(zhong)修(xiu),其中(zhong),光緒年(nian)間的重(zhong)修(xiu),耗費白銀二(er)萬(wan)多兩(liang),書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建筑之(zhi)(zhi)秀美(mei)和裝飾(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)細膩仍令人(ren)稱嘆(tan)。曾(ceng)是(shi)清代省內(nei)何氏(shi)家族(zu)子弟(di)來(lai)廣州赴考(kao)時飲食起居和溫習讀書(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)地。該(gai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)舍(she)為三排(pai)以及南(nan)面(mian)個別書(shu)(shu)(shu)舍(she)(占地約(yue)1300平方米),整體建筑是(shi)大(da)小馬站(zhan)、流水井宗族(zu)(祠(ci))書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)群中(zhong)保存相對完整的宗族(zu)(祠(ci))書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)一。
廬江(jiang)書院(yuan),1993年被廣州市人民政府公布為(wei)文物保(bao)護(hu)單位。
廬江書院(yuan)(yuan),是近代廣府何氏的(de)圖騰(teng)標志,是何氏先輩在(zai)清朝聯合廣州府及肇慶(qing)府的(de)何氏村落(luo)打(da)造(zao)(zao)的(de)“合族祠書院(yuan)(yuan)建筑”。本書院(yuan)(yuan)保存(cun)完整,在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)明(ming)清書院(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)具有代表性,也有較高的(de)歷史研(yan)究價值,其建造(zao)(zao)模式及運營(ying)模式在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)書院(yuan)(yuan)群里也別(bie)具特色。廬江書院(yuan)(yuan)為國(guo)家民族輸送(song)過很多愛國(guo)志士,杰出英(ying)才。
自(zi)乾隆后期至(zhi)(zhi)嘉慶年(nian)間,是(shi)廣(guang)(guang)東科舉考(kao)試.日(ri)漸(jian)繁盛的(de)(de)時(shi)期,亦(yi)是(shi)官學(xue)興盛時(shi)期。乾隆五十(shi)六年(nian)(1791),廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)府(fu)集銀41000多兩重(zhong)修廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)府(fu)學(xue)宮(gong)(今廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)市(shi)第一(yi)工(gong)人文化宮(gong),簡稱市(shi)一(yi)宮(gong));嘉慶八年(nian)(1803)廣(guang)(guang)東布政使康(kang)基田在龍藏街改嶺南義學(xue)為羊石書院(yuan)(yuan)(后為府(fu)級的(de)(de)羊城書院(yuan)(yuan)),又(you)撥府(fu)銀將位于今鹽運西(xi)街一(yi)帶的(de)(de)南海(hai)義學(xue)改為西(xi)湖書院(yuan)(yuan)。有名(ming)的(de)(de)官辦書院(yuan)(yuan),如粵秀書院(yuan)(yuan)以前不(bu)收(shou)(shou)外課(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),此時(shi)亦(yi)增(zeng)收(shou)(shou)外課(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)員40人,童(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)10人(這些外宿(su)的(de)(de)諸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)每月均可領取1.8兩膏火費,即生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活補助費和有參加官、師課(ke)考(kao)的(de)(de)獎銀),越華(hua)書院(yuan)(yuan)正課(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)額(e)亦(yi)從30名(ming)增(zeng)加到80至(zhi)(zhi)100名(ming),又(you)增(zeng)收(shou)(shou)外課(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)員36名(ming)和童(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)24名(ming)。倘若遇上鄉(xiang)試之年(nian),這些官辦書院(yuan)(yuan)還額(e)外招收(shou)(shou)正課(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、外課(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和附課(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。
所以(yi),大小(xiao)馬站、流水井一帶,很(hen)多(duo)(duo)省內大姓宗(zong)族,多(duo)(duo)在嘉(jia)慶年間(jian)創(chuang)建(jian)宗(zong)族(祠)書院,以(yi)助(zhu)本族宗(zong)人到(dao)省城赴(fu)考爭取(qu)功(gong)名,省內何氏宗(zong)族為了(le)方便本族子弟到(dao)省城應(ying)(ying)試(shi),于是創(chuang)建(jian)了(le)這所廬江書院,并相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)制定了(le)很(hen)多(duo)(duo)規(gui)矩。