《清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經》,全稱(cheng)《太(tai)上老(lao)君(jun)(jun)說常(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經》。一卷。作(zuo)者不(bu)詳(xiang),是(shi)道(dao)教煉養術重要資(zi)料之一。道(dao)教稱(cheng)老(lao)君(jun)(jun)西(xi)游(you)龜臺之時,為西(xi)王母說常(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經。后經仙人轉傳(chuan),為葛(ge)玄所得(de),筆錄而(er)(er)傳(chuan)之于(yu)世(shi)。即(ji)葛(ge)玄曰:“吾(wu)(wu)昔(xi)受(shou)之于(yu)東華帝君(jun)(jun),東華帝君(jun)(jun)受(shou)之于(yu)金闕(que)帝君(jun)(jun),金闕(que)帝君(jun)(jun)受(shou)之于(yu)西(xi)王母。西(xi)王母皆口(kou)口(kou)相傳(chuan),不(bu)記文(wen)字(zi),吾(wu)(wu)今(jin)于(yu)世(shi)書(shu)而(er)(er)錄之。”因(yin)而(er)(er)《清(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)經》被(bei)認為是(shi)三(san)國(guo)時葛(ge)玄依托之作(zuo)。
老君曰:大道(dao)無形,生育(yu)天地(di);大道(dao)無情(qing),運行日月;大道(dao)無名,長養萬(wan)(wan)物;吾不知其名,強名曰道(dao)。夫道(dao)者:有(you)清有(you)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),有(you)動有(you)靜;天清地(di)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),天動地(di)靜;男(nan)清女濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),男(nan)動女靜;降本(ben)流(liu)末(mo),而生萬(wan)(wan)物。清者,濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)源,動者,靜之(zhi)基;人能常清靜,天地(di)悉(xi)皆歸。
夫人神好(hao)清,而心(xin)(xin)擾(rao)之;人心(xin)(xin)好(hao)靜(jing)(jing),而欲(yu)(yu)牽之。常(chang)(chang)能遣其(qi)欲(yu)(yu),而心(xin)(xin)自(zi)靜(jing)(jing);澄其(qi)心(xin)(xin),而神自(zi)清;自(zi)然六(liu)欲(yu)(yu)不(bu)生(sheng),三毒消(xiao)滅。所以(yi)不(bu)能者(zhe),為(wei)心(xin)(xin)未(wei)澄,欲(yu)(yu)未(wei)遣也(ye);能遣之者(zhe):內(nei)觀其(qi)心(xin)(xin),心(xin)(xin)無(wu)(wu)其(qi)心(xin)(xin);外觀其(qi)形,形無(wu)(wu)其(qi)形;遠觀其(qi)物(wu),物(wu)無(wu)(wu)其(qi)物(wu);三者(zhe)既(ji)悟(wu),唯見於空(kong)(kong)。觀空(kong)(kong)亦空(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)無(wu)(wu)所空(kong)(kong);所空(kong)(kong)既(ji)無(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu);無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)既(ji)無(wu)(wu),湛然常(chang)(chang)寂。寂無(wu)(wu)所寂,欲(yu)(yu)豈(qi)能生(sheng);欲(yu)(yu)既(ji)不(bu)生(sheng),即(ji)是真靜(jing)(jing)。真常(chang)(chang)應(ying)物(wu),真常(chang)(chang)得性;常(chang)(chang)應(ying)常(chang)(chang)靜(jing)(jing),常(chang)(chang)清靜(jing)(jing)矣(yi)。如此清靜(jing)(jing),漸入(ru)真道;既(ji)入(ru)真道,名為(wei)得道;雖(sui)名得道,實無(wu)(wu)所得;為(wei)化(hua)眾生(sheng),名為(wei)得道;能悟(wu)之者(zhe),可傳圣道。
老(lao)君曰:上(shang)士無(wu)爭(zheng),下士好爭(zheng);上(shang)德(de)(de)(de)不德(de)(de)(de),下德(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)德(de)(de)(de);執(zhi)著之(zhi)者,不名道德(de)(de)(de)。眾生(sheng)(sheng)所以不得真(zhen)道者,為有(you)妄心(xin);既有(you)妄心(xin),即(ji)驚(jing)其(qi)神;既驚(jing)其(qi)神,即(ji)著萬(wan)物;既著萬(wan)物,即(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)貪求(qiu);既生(sheng)(sheng)貪求(qiu),即(ji)是煩惱(nao);煩惱(nao)妄想(xiang),憂(you)苦身心(xin);便(bian)遭濁辱(ru),流(liu)浪生(sheng)(sheng)死;常(chang)沉苦海,永失(shi)真(zhen)道。真(zhen)常(chang)之(zhi)道,悟(wu)者自得;得悟(wu)道者,常(chang)清(qing)靜矣(yi)!
仙人(ren)葛玄曰:吾(wu)得真道,曾誦此經(jing)萬(wan)遍。此經(jing)是天人(ren)所習,不傳(chuan)下士(shi)。吾(wu)昔(xi)受之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)東華帝(di)(di)君(jun),東華帝(di)(di)君(jun)受之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)金(jin)闕帝(di)(di)君(jun),金(jin)闕帝(di)(di)君(jun)受之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)西王母,西王母皆口口相傳(chuan),不記文(wen)字。吾(wu)今(jin)於(wu)(wu)世,書而錄之(zhi)。上士(shi)悟之(zhi),升(sheng)為天官;中士(shi)修之(zhi),南(nan)宮列仙;下士(shi)得之(zhi),在世長年。游(you)行三界,升(sheng)入金(jin)門(men)。
左(zuo)玄真人(ren)曰:學道(dao)(dao)之士,持(chi)誦此經(jing)者,即得十天善神(shen),擁護其(qi)身 [6] 。然(ran)後玉符保神(shen),金液煉形。形神(shen)俱妙,與道(dao)(dao)合真。
正一真人(ren)曰:人(ren)家(jia)有此經,悟(wu)解之者,災障不干,眾圣護門。神升上界,朝拜高真。功滿德就,相感帝(di)君(jun)。誦持不退,身騰紫云。
(1)太(tai)(tai)(tai)上老(lao)君(jun)(jun)說(shuo)常(chang)清靜(jing)(jing)經(jing):全(quan)稱(cheng)《太(tai)(tai)(tai)上老(lao)君(jun)(jun)說(shuo)常(chang)清靜(jing)(jing)妙經(jing)》,或(huo)《太(tai)(tai)(tai)上老(lao)君(jun)(jun)說(shuo)常(chang)清靜(jing)(jing)真經(jing)》,又稱(cheng)《太(tai)(tai)(tai)上混元上德皇帝說(shuo)常(chang)清靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)》,簡稱(cheng)《清靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)》、《常(chang)清靜(jing)(jing)經(jing)》。作者不詳。此經(jing)主(zhu)要闡述“如(ru)何清靜(jing)(jing),漸入真道(dao)”。“太(tai)(tai)(tai)上老(lao)君(jun)(jun)”,道(dao)教徒對(dui)“老(lao)子”的尊稱(cheng)。“太(tai)(tai)(tai)”為大之(zhi)意(yi),“上”為尊之(zhi)意(yi);高真莫先眾(zhong)圣(sheng)共尊,“太(tai)(tai)(tai)上”系(xi)道(dao)門最高之(zhi)辭(ci),用以稱(cheng)呼其神仙體系(xi)中品位極高之(zhi)神,故為宗(zong)祖,太(tai)(tai)(tai)上老(lao)君(jun)(jun)是(shi)大道(dao)的另(ling)一尊號,太(tai)(tai)(tai)上老(lao)君(jun)(jun)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)道(dao),道(dao)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)上老(lao)君(jun)(jun)。
老(lao)(lao)即壽,君(jun)是尊號,道(dao)(dao)(dao)清(qing)(qing)德極,所以稱為(wei)君(jun)。說明老(lao)(lao)君(jun)為(wei)眾圣(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)祖,真(zhen)神之(zhi)宗。一切萬物,莫不皆因(yin)老(lao)(lao)君(jun)所制,故為(wei)宗祖也。常為(wei)恒也。清(qing)(qing)為(wei)元,靜為(wei)炁,經(jing)(jing)為(wei)法。一則為(wei)圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)徑路,二則為(wei)神仙的梯凳。凡(fan)學道(dao)(dao)(dao)的人(ren),都(dou)因(yin)經(jing)(jing)戒而(er)成真(zhen)圣(sheng)(sheng)。圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)沒有不借經(jing)(jing)而(er)成為(wei)圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren),不憑(ping)借元炁而(er)成道(dao)(dao)(dao)的。《清(qing)(qing)靜經(jing)(jing)》在(zai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)中占有重(zhong)要的位置,歷來為(wei)此(ci)作注者眾多。《玄門(men)日誦(song)早晚(wan)功課經(jing)(jing)》把《清(qing)(qing)靜經(jing)(jing)》放(fang)在(zai)眾經(jing)(jing)之(zhi)首,每(mei)日持(chi)(chi)誦(song),可(ke)知該經(jing)(jing)是道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)徒(tu)修(xiu)持(chi)(chi)的一部非(fei)常重(zhong)要的上乘(cheng)經(jing)(jing)典。每(mei)每(mei)朗誦(song)此(ci)經(jing)(jing)“夫人(ren)神好清(qing)(qing),而(er)心擾之(zhi);人(ren)心好靜,而(er)欲牽之(zhi)”。“遣(qian)其(qi)欲而(er)心自(zi)靜,澄其(qi)心而(er)神自(zi)清(qing)(qing)”。自(zi)然而(er)然就能“清(qing)(qing)靜”、“漸入真(zhen)道(dao)(dao)(dao)”。
(2)老(lao)君曰:大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)無(wu)形(xing),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)天(tian)地(di)(di):老(lao)君,太上(shang)(shang)老(lao)君的(de)(de)簡稱。曰,稱、說。大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),道(dao)(dao)(dao)是至高無(wu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de),是在沒有天(tian)地(di)(di)之(zhi)前,有一個沒有形(xing)狀的(de)(de)最高能源,《道(dao)(dao)(dao)德經(jing)(jing)》中(zhong)說她(ta)(ta)(ta)“獨立而(er)不改,周行而(er)不殆”。世間萬(wan)(wan)物都是由她(ta)(ta)(ta)所生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。《道(dao)(dao)(dao)德經(jing)(jing)》中(zhong)說:“道(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一,一生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)二,二生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)三(san)。三(san)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)萬(wan)(wan)物。”因天(tian)地(di)(di)萬(wan)(wan)物皆(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“道(dao)(dao)(dao)”的(de)(de)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故注稱“大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)”。她(ta)(ta)(ta)是不可名狀之(zhi)物,而(er)又大(da)而(er)無(wu)外,小(xiao)而(er)無(wu)內,杳杳冥(ming)冥(ming),其(qi)中(zhong)有精,混混沌沌,分為(wei)(wei)(wei)陰(yin)陽(yang)。無(wu)形(xing),視(shi)之(zhi)不見(jian)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu),育(yu),養(yang)育(yu),長(chang)養(yang)陰(yin)陽(yang),所以叫(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu),陽(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing),上(shang)(shang)升為(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian),陰(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)濁(zhuo),下(xia)降為(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di),此言大(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)是永恒不滅的(de)(de),天(tian)地(di)(di)萬(wan)(wan)物,都是從她(ta)(ta)(ta)而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),由她(ta)(ta)(ta)所養(yang),最后由她(ta)(ta)(ta)化解,她(ta)(ta)(ta)是萬(wan)(wan)有之(zhi)源,萬(wan)(wan)化之(zhi)本。所以說她(ta)(ta)(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)天(tian)地(di)(di)。
(3)大(da)(da)道無情,運(yun)行日月:大(da)(da)道,至高無上(shang),極(ji)尊至貴的(de)道。無情,沒(mei)(mei)有偏(pian)愛及私情。運(yun)行,旋轉運(yun)行,此(ci)處指化(hua)生萬物。日月,指日月星辰及世間萬物。此(ci)句言(yan)人有喜、怒、哀(ai)、樂等表現(xian),都是(shi)(shi)從一(yi)個“情”字中(zhong)而來(lai),然(ran)而不(bu)可名狀(zhuang)的(de)大(da)(da)道,雖然(ran)萬物都在她的(de)包容(rong)之中(zhong),但她則是(shi)(shi)一(yi)視(shi)同仁(ren),沒(mei)(mei)有半點偏(pian)愛和私護,在大(da)(da)宇(yu)宙中(zhong)旋轉運(yun)行,沒(mei)(mei)有止息,也沒(mei)(mei)有偏(pian)差,試想這種充(chong)沛的(de)能力及行為,是(shi)(shi)誰給她的(de)呢?那就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)(mei)有一(yi)分一(yi)毫(hao)私情的(de)大(da)(da)道。
(4)大(da)道(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming),長養(yang)萬(wan)(wan)物(wu):無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming),是指無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)形無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)象的混元大(da)道(dao)(dao),因無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)形無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)象,所以叫無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)。《道(dao)(dao)德(de)經(jing)》云(yun):“道(dao)(dao)常無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)。”無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)指有功而不為名(ming)的意(yi)思。《道(dao)(dao)德(de)經(jing)》又云(yun):“大(da)道(dao)(dao)泛(fan)兮(xi),其可左右。萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)恃之(zhi)以生而不辭,功成而不有。”不有指不為已(yi)(yi)有,也是指無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)之(zhi)意(yi)。長養(yang),生長養(yang)育(yu)。萬(wan)(wan)物(wu),指世間萬(wan)(wan)事萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)。此句言大(da)道(dao)(dao)自生萬(wan)(wan)事萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)而不為已(yi)(yi)有的博大(da)胸懷和無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)私(si)。
(5)吾不(bu)(bu)知其名,強(qiang)名曰道(dao):吾,即我(wo)。不(bu)(bu)知其名,不(bu)(bu)知道(dao)她(ta)的(de)名稱(cheng)(cheng),如(ru)何稱(cheng)(cheng)謂她(ta)。強(qiang)名,勉(mian)強(qiang)稱(cheng)(cheng)名。此句(ju)言大道(dao)是(shi)萬(wan)事萬(wan)物產(chan)生、發展、滅亡的(de)根源(yuan),就連太上老君都不(bu)(bu)知道(dao)怎么(me)稱(cheng)(cheng)呼(hu)她(ta),給她(ta)定稱(cheng)(cheng),就勉(mian)強(qiang)稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)為“道(dao)”。《道(dao)德經(jing)》云:“有物混(hun)成,先(xian)天(tian)地(di)生。寂兮(xi)寥兮(xi),獨立(li)而不(bu)(bu)改(gai),周行而不(bu)(bu)殆。可以為天(tian)下母(mu)。吾不(bu)(bu)知其名,字之(zhi)曰道(dao)。”
此(ci)段總的(de)是(shi)(shi)講,太上老(lao)君(jun)教人知道(dao)什么是(shi)(shi)萬(wan)(wan)事(shi)萬(wan)(wan)物的(de)根(gen)源,她是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)形(xing)狀(zhuang)、沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)情(qing)(qing)欲、沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)字的(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)之(zhi)體,她是(shi)(shi)天地(di)(di)萬(wan)(wan)物的(de)運作長養的(de)惟一操(cao)作者(zhe)。沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)她,世界(jie)將毫無(wu)生機(ji)可(ke)(ke)言,凡是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)智慧的(de)人士,應當(dang)觀察(cha)她的(de)永(yong)恒常存,向(xiang)她學習(xi)。一要學習(xi)她的(de)無(wu)形(xing)。“外其(qi)身(shen)而身(shen)修,忘(wang)其(qi)形(xing)而形(xing)存”。“吾(wu)所以有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)患(huan)者(zhe),為吾(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)身(shen),及吾(wu)無(wu)身(shen),吾(wu)又何患(huan)”。二要做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)(dao)無(wu)情(qing)(qing),無(wu)情(qing)(qing)就是(shi)(shi)無(wu)念,就是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)七情(qing)(qing)六欲,心地(di)(di)才能(neng)清(qing)靜,本性(xing)才能(neng)永(yong)住。第三(san)要做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)(dao)無(wu)名(ming)。萬(wan)(wan)事(shi)萬(wan)(wan)物都是(shi)(shi)從無(wu)名(ming)中生出,修行的(de)人,如果能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)(dao)舍去有(you)(you)(you)(you)形(xing)之(zhi)身(shen),忘(wang)掉肉體之(zhi)我,即(ji)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)無(wu)形(xing)之(zhi)功;能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)(dao)一念不動,心地(di)(di)圓(yuan)滿(man)(man)無(wu)缺,即(ji)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)無(wu)情(qing)(qing)之(zhi)功。能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)(dao)這些(xie),在你的(de)性(xing)海中無(wu)一物可(ke)(ke)思,無(wu)一事(shi)可(ke)(ke)言。達到(dao)(dao)(dao)不可(ke)(ke)名(ming)狀(zhuang)的(de)元始先天境界(jie),即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)名(ming)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)之(zhi)體了(le),到(dao)(dao)(dao)此(ci)則(ze)萬(wan)(wan)福(fu)并致,圓(yuan)滿(man)(man)無(wu)缺,常此(ci)先天大(da)(da)(da)(da)道(dao)必然有(you)(you)(you)(you)成了(le)。
(6)夫(fu)道(dao)者,有(you)(you)(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),有(you)(you)(you)(you)動有(you)(you)(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)清(qing)(qing)(qing)地(di)(di)(di)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),天(tian)(tian)(tian)動地(di)(di)(di)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。男(nan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)女(nv)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),男(nan)動女(nv)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。降本流末(mo)(mo),而生萬物(wu):夫(fu),發(fa)語詞。清(qing)(qing)(qing)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian),正(zheng)陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炁(qi),上(shang)升為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di),正(zheng)陰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炁(qi),下(xia)結為(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),指(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)清(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),如宇宙中有(you)(you)(you)(you)清(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)就有(you)(you)(you)(you)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)水(shui)(shui)一(yi)樣。動,指(zhi)(zhi)動態。靜(jing)(jing)(jing),指(zhi)(zhi)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)態。有(you)(you)(you)(you)動有(you)(you)(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing),指(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)動能(neng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)清(qing)(qing)(qing),指(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)動而清(qing)(qing)(qing)。地(di)(di)(di)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),指(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)凝(ning)而濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)動地(di)(di)(di)靜(jing)(jing)(jing),指(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)動有(you)(you)(you)(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。男(nan)清(qing)(qing)(qing),男(nan)子有(you)(you)(you)(you)神炁(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)。女(nv)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),女(nv)子有(you)(you)(you)(you)敗(bai)血之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)。男(nan)動,男(nan)子好動。女(nv)靜(jing)(jing)(jing),女(nv)子好靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。降本,歸(gui)于根本。流末(mo)(mo),返于末(mo)(mo)端。此句說:道(dao)分清(qing)(qing)(qing)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)動靜(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)喻,男(nan)女(nv)動靜(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji),清(qing)(qing)(qing)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)動靜(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,男(nan)女(nv)清(qing)(qing)(qing)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong),動靜(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji),萬物(wu)本末(mo)(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由。
(7)清(qing)(qing)者(zhe)濁之(zhi)源(yuan),動(dong)者(zhe)靜(jing)(jing)之(zhi)基:源(yuan),源(yuan)頭(tou)。基,基礎(chu)、根本。清(qing)(qing)者(zhe)濁之(zhi)源(yuan),動(dong)者(zhe)靜(jing)(jing)之(zhi)基,指(zhi)清(qing)(qing)、濁、動(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)乃相(xiang)(xiang)對之(zhi)態,有晴天就有陰天,有生(sheng)就有死,兩者(zhe)相(xiang)(xiang)互轉化的(de)運動(dong),才有生(sheng)生(sheng)不(bu)息的(de)大(da)道運行。
(8)人(ren)能(neng)(neng)(neng)常清(qing)靜(jing),天地悉(xi)皆(jie)歸(gui):此句言(yan)學仙之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),能(neng)(neng)(neng)堅守(shou)于(yu)至道(dao),一切(qie)萬(wan)物自然(ran)歸(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)。經云:“江河(he)淮海,非欲于(yu)魚鱉蛟龍,魚鱉蛟龍自來(lai)(lai)歸(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)。人(ren)能(neng)(neng)(neng)清(qing)虛寡欲,無為非于(yu)至道(dao),至道(dao)自來(lai)(lai)歸(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)人(ren)。但能(neng)(neng)(neng)守(shou)太和(he)元(yuan)炁,體道(dao)合(he)真,萬(wan)物悉(xi)歸(gui)耳(er)。”
此段總述了,所謂大道(dao)的(de)造化(hua),乃是大道(dao)中(zhong)自然而(er)然大道(dao)無(wu)形(xing)的(de)運作,絲毫沒有(you)一點自私的(de)作為,這樣才能做到“大道(dao)之行(xing)也,天(tian)(tian)下為公”的(de)境(jing)(jing)界。清(qing)、濁、動、靜(jing)、天(tian)(tian)、地、男、女,萬(wan)事萬(wan)物的(de)生生化(hua)化(hua),由(you)本到末(mo)的(de)運行(xing),永不停止,人(ren)在其(qi)境(jing)(jing),如(ru)果迷于其(qi)中(zhong),隨波逐流,便是生死流浪!如(ru)果放下身(shen)心,合于大道(dao)的(de)清(qing)靜(jing)無(wu)為,便是道(dao)德崇高(gao)的(de)人(ren)了。
(9)夫人(ren)神(shen)好清(qing)(qing),而(er)(er)心(xin)擾之;人(ren)心(xin)好靜(jing)(jing)(jing),而(er)(er)欲(yu)牽之:神(shen),此處指人(ren)的元神(shen)本性,來(lai)自無極中的真陽之靈。心(xin),元炁結成的東西,圣人(ren)云(yun):“聲色不(bu)(bu)止(zhi)神(shen)不(bu)(bu)清(qing)(qing),思慮(lv)不(bu)(bu)止(zhi)心(xin)不(bu)(bu)寧(ning)(ning),心(xin)不(bu)(bu)寧(ning)(ning)兮神(shen)不(bu)(bu)靈,神(shen)不(bu)(bu)寧(ning)(ning)兮道不(bu)(bu)成。”七情六(liu)欲(yu),是(shi)識神(shen)著了外境而(er)(er)生之貪念,元炁所(suo)結成之心(xin),本來(lai)也是(shi)好靜(jing)(jing)(jing),但(dan)貪欲(yu)之念一起(qi),牽動(dong)一心(xin),就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)再平靜(jing)(jing)(jing)了。此句(ju)言(yan)人(ren)的心(xin)神(shen)本來(lai)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing),都是(shi)因世欲(yu)之事干擾,而(er)(er)使之不(bu)(bu)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)。
(10)常(chang)能(neng)遣其(qi)(qi)欲(yu),而(er)心(xin)自靜(jing),澄其(qi)(qi)心(xin)而(er)神自清(qing)(qing):遣,去除。澄,澄清(qing)(qing)。此句言人能(neng)去除七(qi)情六欲(yu),內(nei)守元和(he)自然之炁,內(nei)心(xin)自然而(er)然就會安(an)靜(jing),七(qi)情六欲(yu)就不能(neng)存在。古仙云:“欲(yu)從心(xin)起,息(xi)從心(xin)定,心(xin)息(xi)相依,息(xi)調心(xin)靜(jing)。”
(11)自然(ran)(ran)六(liu)欲不生,三毒消滅(mie):六(liu)欲,指六(liu)根,六(liu)根指眼(yan)、耳、口、鼻(bi)、心、意(yi)。欲,染著之(zhi)貌,情愛(ai)之(zhi)喻。觀境(jing)而(er)染,謂之(zhi)欲。所以眼(yan)見耳聞,意(yi)知心覺(jue)。世上之(zhi)人(ren)如果能(neng)斷其(qi)(qi)情,去其(qi)(qi)欲,澄其(qi)(qi)心,忘其(qi)(qi)慮(lv),而(er)安其(qi)(qi)神,那(nei)么六(liu)欲自然(ran)(ran)而(er)然(ran)(ran)就(jiu)會消滅(mie)不能(neng)存在。三毒為三尸(shi),上尸(shi)彭(peng)琚、中(zhong)尸(shi)彭(peng)瓚、下(xia)尸(shi)彭(peng)矯。上尸(shi)好華(hua)飾(shi)(shi),中(zhong)尸(shi)好滋(zi)味,下(xia)尸(shi)好淫(yin)(yin)欲。人(ren)若能(neng)斷其(qi)(qi)華(hua)飾(shi)(shi),遠離(li)滋(zi)味,絕其(qi)(qi)淫(yin)(yin)欲,去此(ci)三事,就(jiu)能(neng)使毒消滅(mie),三毒既滅(mie),就(jiu)能(neng)神如炁暢,自然(ran)(ran)清靜。
(12)所(suo)以不(bu)能(neng)(neng)者,為心(xin)(xin)未(wei)澄,欲(yu)未(wei)遣也:所(suo)以不(bu)能(neng)(neng)者,所(suo)以不(bu)能(neng)(neng)夠做(zuo)到(dao)的(de),指(zhi)人心(xin)(xin)被名利(li)、聲色、滋味等所(suo)動,性亂情惑。為心(xin)(xin)未(wei)澄,指(zhi)心(xin)(xin)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)澄清。欲(yu)未(wei)遣也,指(zhi)欲(yu)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)去除。此句言人心(xin)(xin)迷惑未(wei)斷,心(xin)(xin)有所(suo)染,不(bu)能(neng)(neng)窮盡妙理。
(13)能遣之者(zhe),內(nei)觀(guan)其心(xin),心(xin)無(wu)其心(xin):人能斷(duan)情、絕(jue)貪、去(qu)欲,即無(wu)三(san)毒之害(hai),使心(xin)處于形內(nei),不能夠從(cong)外(wai)形上看到(dao)心(xin)內(nei)世界,心(xin)無(wu)其心(xin)。即無(wu)心(xin)可觀(guan),無(wu)心(xin)可觀(guan)則(ze)無(wu)所(suo)用(yong),無(wu)所(suo)修(xiu)。就達到(dao)清靜之道了。
(14)外觀其(qi)形(xing),形(xing)無(wu)(wu)其(qi)形(xing):形(xing)由(you)心(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)宰,心(xin)由(you)形(xing)表(biao)現(xian)出來。形(xing)無(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)安(an)靜,心(xin)沒(mei)有形(xing)表(biao)現(xian)出來就不(bu)(bu)(bu)存在(zai),心(xin)處于(yu)內,形(xing)見于(yu)外,內外相承,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)相離。凡夫但知(zhi)(zhi)矜(jin)貴此身(shen)(shen)(shen), 而(er)惡大患(huan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)大患(huan)即是(shi)我(wo)(wo)身(shen)(shen)(shen),多求資養,終(zhong)歸(gui)滅(mie)(mie)壞,故貴身(shen)(shen)(shen)即是(shi)貴患(huan),惡患(huan)即 可(ke)(ke)(ke)惡身(shen)(shen)(shen),為(wei)貴與大患(huan),俱以(yi)(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)為(wei)本,故言若也(ye)。只為(wei)有所,以(yi)(yi)有身(shen)(shen)(shen)患(huan),身(shen)(shen)(shen)既無(wu)(wu)矣,患(huan)豈有焉(yan),故我(wo)(wo)無(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen),患(huan)將安(an)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)。所言無(wu)(wu)者,坐忘喪我(wo)(wo),隳體離形(xing),即身(shen)(shen)(shen)無(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen),無(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen)(shen)非是(shi)滅(mie)(mie)壞,而(er)稱無(wu)(wu)也(ye)。故貴以(yi)(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)為(wei)天(tian)下,若可(ke)(ke)(ke)寄天(tian)下,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)大患(huan),矜(jin)而(er)貴之(zhi),自貴其(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen),恒欲陵物,如此之(zhi)人,適(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)暫寓於(wu)世間(jian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)久視(shi)於(wu)天(tian)下。愛以(yi)(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)為(wei)天(tian)下,若可(ke)(ke)(ke)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)天(tian)下,寄是(shi)暫時寄寓,托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)謂永相附托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo),言能(neng)保愛己(ji)身(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)輕馳騖。謙以(yi)(yi)自牧,雌而(er)順物者,則(ze)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)化於(wu)天(tian)下,故德經(jing)云自愛不(bu)(bu)(bu)自貴。獨(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)者,是(shi)善能(neng)攝衛(wei)貴生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)人也(ye)。
(15)遠觀其(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),物(wu)(wu)(wu)無其(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu):物(wu)(wu)(wu),道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)妙(miao)用,非(fei)世(shi)間的一般物(wu)(wu)(wu)體,五(wu)行造(zao)化(hua)謂之(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),塊需(xu)然有凝謂之(zhi)形(xing)。凡是(shi)有形(xing)質的,都是(shi)后(hou)天之(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),物(wu)(wu)(wu)無其(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),謂之(zhi)真,真空(kong)也。《道(dao)(dao)德(de)經》云:“道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)為物(wu)(wu)(wu),惟恍惟惚(hu)。”又曰:“恍兮惚(hu)兮,其(qi)中(zhong)有物(wu)(wu)(wu)。”此句言修(xiu)(xiu)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)士,應當認取先天恍惚(hu)中(zhong)的真物(wu)(wu)(wu),而(er)放下后(hou)天有形(xing)的假物(wu)(wu)(wu),如此才能修(xiu)(xiu)道(dao)(dao)成(cheng)真。
(16)三者既悟,惟見于空:三者,指(zhi)心、形、物(wu)。空,道之用。此句言凡夫(fu)俗子(zi),都執(zhi)著(zhu)身、心、外(wai)物(wu)三種東西,而學道的人,又常常執(zhi)著(zhu)外(wai)面的法界(jie)(jie),內里的元神(shen),遠處(chu)的神(shen)通,以至“凡”能(neng)(neng)證“圣(sheng)(sheng)”,“圣(sheng)(sheng)”不能(neng)(neng)成“神(shen)”。如果(guo)能(neng)(neng)摒棄(qi)這(zhe)些(xie),使大道賦予了(le)神(shen)性(xing),即(ji)可超凡入圣(sheng)(sheng)了(le)。再(zai)進一(yi)步修煉到“圣(sheng)(sheng)而不可知之謂神(shen)”的高上境(jing)界(jie)(jie),即(ji)是真(zhen)空的境(jing)界(jie)(jie)了(le)。
(17)觀(guan)空(kong)(kong)亦空(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)無所空(kong)(kong):空(kong)(kong),真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)。空(kong)(kong)有(you)兩種形(xing)式,有(you)大(da)(da)空(kong)(kong),有(you)小空(kong)(kong)。此二空(kong)(kong)懼無即自然不染正性(xing),以成真(zhen)道。觀(guan)空(kong)(kong)也空(kong)(kong),大(da)(da)道無象(xiang)(xiang),空(kong)(kong)也有(you)空(kong)(kong)象(xiang)(xiang),應把此空(kong)(kong)象(xiang)(xiang)也加以忘去,則真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)之境更加真(zhen)實(shi)。空(kong)(kong)無所空(kong)(kong),凡居(ju)有(you)質,都憑借大(da)(da)道而(er)(er)成形(xing),一切物類,都是從道而(er)(er)產生(sheng)。大(da)(da)道坦然常存于物,非為(wei)斷滅也。
(18)所空(kong)既(ji)無(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu):大(da)道沒(mei)有(you)窮(qiong)盡,修道到(dao)了(le)空(kong)也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)處所之(zhi)后,空(kong)也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)了(le)。如(ru)果仍(reng)然有(you)空(kong),就(jiu)不能達到(dao)無(wu)(wu)的(de)境界,再進一步做到(dao)無(wu)(wu)之(zhi)又無(wu)(wu),就(jiu)無(wu)(wu)也(ye)不存在了(le)。空(kong)有(you)皆忘才(cai)可以達到(dao)徹(che)底的(de)真(zhen)無(wu)(wu)。
(19)無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)既(ji)無(wu)(wu),湛然常寂:無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)執。世間萬(wan)事萬(wan)物,都生于無(wu)(wu),而(er)(er)歸(gui)(gui)于無(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)生于有,有歸(gui)(gui)于無(wu)(wu),無(wu)(wu)者有也(ye),有者無(wu)(wu)也(ye)。金木水(shui)火土(tu)異物,自(zi)然相假,眾相寄托,共成(cheng)一身。是知形體,由來虛無(wu)(wu)。細析推陳(chen)出尋,遍體虛幻(huan),況一切(qie)諸法(fa)、念念,亦復如是。是知無(wu)(wu)即是有,有即是無(wu)(wu),自(zi)然而(er)(er)已。故經曰:無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)既(ji)無(wu)(wu)。功夫到了(le)空也(ye)沒有的地步,就萬(wan)法(fa)都無(wu)(wu)了(le),達到湛然而(er)(er)又圓滿(man)的虛靜真本(ben),即成(cheng)真道了(le)。
(20)寂無(wu)(wu)所寂,欲(yu)豈能生:寂到了(le)盡(jin)頭,連寂都不存在了(le),就到了(le)無(wu)(wu)為(wei)、無(wu)(wu)事、無(wu)(wu)欲(yu)的境界(jie),自(zi)然成(cheng)道了(le)。
(21)欲(yu)既(ji)不(bu)生,即是真(zhen)靜(jing):真(zhen)靜(jing),自然(ran)無(wu)欲(yu)。求靜(jing)必須先遣欲(yu),有欲(yu)則患(huan)生,無(wu)欲(yu)則無(wu)憂,無(wu)憂則可(ke)進入真(zhen)靜(jing)。
(22)真常應(ying)(ying)物:真,體無增(zeng)減謂之(zhi)真。常者,法(fa)(fa)也。常能(neng)(neng)法(fa)(fa)則叫真常之(zhi)法(fa)(fa)。法(fa)(fa)則真常應(ying)(ying)物,隨機而化導眾生(sheng)。“寂然不動,感而遂通”,“感而遂通”依舊(jiu)“寂然不動”。才能(neng)(neng)真常應(ying)(ying)物。
(23)真常得(de)性:凡欲(yu)得(de)成(cheng)真性,須修常性而為(wei)道性。得(de)者動也。動其(qi)本性,謂其(qi)得(de)性。
(24)常應(ying)(ying)常靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),常清靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)矣:“事(shi)來則應(ying)(ying)”,常應(ying)(ying)則無(wu)(wu)所不(bu)應(ying)(ying)。常者道體(ti)也(ye)(ye),應(ying)(ying)者靈機也(ye)(ye)。言道體(ti)可(ke)以(yi)隨機而(er)應(ying)(ying)萬(wan)變。“事(shi)去則忘”如浮云(yun)過(guo)空,云(yun)過(guo)則天又清又靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。可(ke)知(zhi),不(bu)管天之有云(yun)無(wu)(wu)云(yun),而(er)天體(ti)本凈,不(bu)管心(xin)(xin)(xin)之有事(shi)無(wu)(wu)事(shi),皆可(ke)常若無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin),無(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)之心(xin)(xin)(xin),是為道心(xin)(xin)(xin),是為真(zhen)心(xin)(xin)(xin),真(zhen)心(xin)(xin)(xin)乃清靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)無(wu)(wu)染(ran)之心(xin)(xin)(xin),也(ye)(ye)即可(ke)應(ying)(ying)萬(wan)境萬(wan)變而(er)永(yong)恒不(bu)變之心(xin)(xin)(xin)。
(25)如此清靜(jing)(jing),漸入真道(dao)(dao):真道(dao)(dao),指清靜(jing)(jing)之性(xing)。真,即為道(dao)(dao)。此句言經中不言,令人須(xu)假性(xing)修(xiu),漸進而成真。
(26)既入(ru)真(zhen)道,名(ming)為(wei)得道:此句接上句,言(yan)既入(ru)真(zhen)道,名(ming)悟修真(zhen)。煉凡(fan)成(cheng)真(zhen),煉真(zhen)成(cheng)神。
(27)雖(sui)名得(de)道(dao),實(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)得(de):雖(sui)然從(cong)名目(mu)上(shang)說,似乎是(shi)得(de)到(dao)了道(dao),但(dan)其實(shi)道(dao)為(wei)天(tian)地之(zhi)本源,宇宙之(zhi)原(yuan)動力(li),大(da)自然之(zhi)規律(lv)。獨立而(er)(er)不改,周(zhou)行而(er)(er)不殆(dai)。自本自根,未有天(tian)地,自古(gu)以固存。先天(tian)地生而(er)(er)不為(wei)久(jiu),長(chang)于上(shang)古(gu)而(er)(er)不為(wei)老。太上(shang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)極大(da)道(dao),本無(wu)(wu)(wu)得(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)失,無(wu)(wu)(wu)形無(wu)(wu)(wu)象,視之(zhi)不見,聽之(zhi)不聞,搏之(zhi)不得(de)。故曰實(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)得(de)。
(28)為(wei)(wei)化(hua)眾生,名(ming)為(wei)(wei)得道(dao)(dao):化(hua),返以守真謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)。化(hua),遷變(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義。逐(zhu)換應(ying)見(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),化(hua)別(bie)種種,應(ying)見(jian)(jian)容儀(yi)。有無莫測,透化(hua)時(shi)人(ren)。透化(hua)者,指事為(wei)(wei)喻。恒勸開(kai)悟教道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)。普(pu)令后學之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)。舍惡從(cong)善,惜身(shen)保命(ming)。故要歸于圣教。只有太上西化(hua)流沙,八(ba)十一國,亦法(fa)視相,或見(jian)(jian)大人(ren),身(shen)千丈;或見(jian)(jian)小人(ren),身(shen)長丈八(ba)。變(bian)見(jian)(jian)無方,易形改號。或曰(yue)金仙,或曰(yue)梵仙。隨方設化(hua),同體異名(ming)。教人(ren)修道(dao)(dao),去妄成真。乃立清靜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教,是為(wei)(wei)得道(dao)(dao)。
(29)能悟(wu)之(zhi)者(zhe),可(ke)傳圣道:悟(wu),覺,猶通。此句言凡(fan)學(xue)仙之(zhi)人,若(ruo)悟(wu)真理,則不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)西竺東(dong)土為名,分別六合之(zhi)內(nei),天上(shang)地下(xia),道化一也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)悟(wu)解(jie)之(zhi)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)道為尊,也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)眾教為異(yi),也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)儒宗為別。能悟(wu)本性,非分別所(suo)得(de)。但能體似虛無,常得(de)至(zhi)(zhi)道。歸(gui)身內(nei)修(xiu)清靜(jing),則順天從也(ye)(ye)(ye),名合人事,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)苦拔衰。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此修(xiu)持,自然(ran)清靜(jing)。人能清靜(jing),至(zhi)(zhi)道自來(lai),不(bu)求自得(de),不(bu)學(xue)而成。清靜(jing)自然(ran),圣道歸(gui)身,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說可(ke)傳圣道。
此段總的是講了要(yao)“遣(qian)欲”、“澄心”,在做(zuo)到“無(wu)心”、“無(wu)形”、“無(wu)物(wu)”的境(jing)界后(hou),還要(yao)把“空”、“無(wu)”及(ji)湛然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“寂”也當做(zuo)有(you)名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),遣(qian)而忘(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以達到“真常(chang)”、“清靜”,從而“得道(dao)”。所謂得道(dao),并不是指有(you)形有(you)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),而是得證虛(xu)靈(ling)本性圓(yuan)滿無(wu)缺(que)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),得了此道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),可以應物(wu)應事,玄同萬物(wu)。妙合先天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炁,而運化于萬物(wu)內外,綿綿無(wu)盡。
(30)老君曰:上士(shi)無(wu)爭,下士(shi)好爭:上士(shi),有(you)修為有(you)涵養(yang)的(de)上等智(zhi)慧的(de)人(ren),是(shi)上德派生的(de)。下士(shi),指修為涵養(yang)各方面都次(ci)于(yu)上士(shi)的(de)人(ren)。爭,求靜,執有(you)之(zhi)意。此句言有(you)修為有(you)涵養(yang)的(de)上等智(zhi)慧的(de)人(ren),不與外(wai)界(jie)爭勝爭強(qiang)而自強(qiang)。這是(shi)上士(shi)所獲得(de)的(de)福(fu)炁,而下士(shi)由于(yu)一(yi)味爭取身外(wai)之(zhi)物,而失其(qi)內(nei)在真性,終使神(shen)喪炁絕,一(yi)無(wu)所獲。
(31)上(shang)(shang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)不德(de)(de)(de)(de),下(xia)(xia)德(de)(de)(de)(de)執德(de)(de)(de)(de):德(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)所(suo)表現出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),通于(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。經云:“道(dao)(dao)(dao)之在(zai)(zai)我即為(wei)德(de)(de)(de)(de)。”又(you)云:“德(de)(de)(de)(de)者得也。”德(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)性特征都同(tong)于(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao),道(dao)(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)形無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)象,含而(er)不露(lu),空(kong)虛而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)跡象,卻無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)不有,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)不在(zai)(zai),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)不為(wei),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)不成。生(sheng)育(yu)天地,運(yun)行日月,長養(yang)萬物,卻不自恃、自彰。這種特征表現在(zai)(zai)人身上(shang)(shang),就叫(jiao)“上(shang)(shang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)”。上(shang)(shang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)和常(chang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)樣,是(shi)內在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、實質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),而(er)不是(shi)外在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、形式上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東西。因而(er),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)大道(dao)(dao)(dao),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內在(zai)(zai)之德(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)上(shang)(shang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)。而(er)下(xia)(xia)德(de)(de)(de)(de)之人,一(yi)味追求有為(wei)之法,飄流浮于(yu)開、情之間,自以為(wei)是(shi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)法突(tu)破小我而(er)進入無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)我的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高上(shang)(shang)境界(jie)。
(32)執(zhi)(zhi)著(zhu)之(zhi)者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)名道(dao)(dao)德(de)(de):執(zhi)(zhi)著(zhu),指(zhi)執(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)、下德(de)(de)。道(dao)(dao)德(de)(de),指(zhi)通(tong)變(bian)無方,存亡(wang)自在,應見即用,能(neng)尊(zun)能(neng)貴,悉皆自然(ran)。此句(ju)言下德(de)(de)之(zhi)人(ren),故執(zhi)(zhi)諸相,行流涉(she)于(yu)有為,是不(bu)(bu)懂(dong)(dong)事理,不(bu)(bu)懂(dong)(dong)道(dao)(dao)德(de)(de)的人(ren),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)成道(dao)(dao)。
此段(duan)總講了人(ren)能安分守己,善保自性(xing),摒去(qu)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)塵(chen)障,樂道報德,自然靈性(xing)升(sheng)華,福壽無邊,切(qie)莫(mo)執著一(yi)(yi)事一(yi)(yi)物而自困(kun)愁城,成為一(yi)(yi)個不明事理、不能自拔的(de)人(ren)。
(33)眾生(sheng)所(suo)以不(bu)得真道(dao)者(zhe),為有(you)(you)妄(wang)心(xin):妄(wang),動(dong)。情(qing)(qing)浮意(yi)動(dong),心(xin)生(sheng)所(suo)妄(wang)。動(dong),亂思(si),因(yin)妄(wang)亂了本性。此句言一切眾生(sheng)不(bu)得真道(dao)的(de)原因(yin),都(dou)是被(bei)情(qing)(qing)染意(yi)動(dong)。妄(wang)有(you)(you)所(suo)思(si),思(si)有(you)(you)所(suo)惑(惑,感其情(qing)(qing)而妄(wang)動(dong)于(yu)意(yi))。意(yi)動(dong)其思(si)而妄(wang)生(sheng)于(yu)心(xin)。人一但有(you)(you)了妄(wang)動(dong)之(zhi)心(xin),自然不(bu)能(neng)清(qing)靜,又說妄(wang)動(dong)即(ji)亡(wang)。都(dou)亡(wang)失道(dao)性。所(suo)以說逐境而感情(qing)(qing)妄(wang)動(dong),不(bu)能(neng)得到真道(dao)。
(34)既有妄心(xin),即驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其神:驚(jing)(jing)(jing),指心(xin)之極畏,不只指盡驚(jing)(jing)(jing)。驚(jing)(jing)(jing)有兩種情況,一指內(nei)修清靜(jing)(jing),忘了形而驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其神;二指外習事情,勞于心(xin)而驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其形。此(ci)句言外又既驚(jing)(jing)(jing)其形體,內(nei)誘自然驚(jing)(jing)(jing)于其神。想(xiang)要心(xin)神安靜(jing)(jing),就要外欲(yu)不生,欲(yu)不能(neng)生,自然清靜(jing)(jing)。
(35)既驚(jing)其(qi)神,即著萬物(wu):人(ren)如果驚(jing)其(qi)神,外(wai)就(jiu)有所著于(yu)境,內里就(jiu)失(shi)去正性,也可(ke)理解為道貴守一,不可(ke)著于(yu)萬物(wu)而驚(jing)其(qi)神。
(36)既著萬物,即生貪求:貪,過(guo)分追求、偏愛。有兩(liang)種情(qing)況:一是(shi)貪于(yu)(yu)世事,外求華飾欲樂,這(zhe)種情(qing)況為(wei)陰咎,不(bu)合于(yu)(yu)陽,就不(bu)能清靜,是(shi)為(wei)沉(chen)滯;二是(shi)貪于(yu)(yu)進修(xiu)窮(qiong)尋真理(li),堅求至道(dao)(dao),這(zhe)叫(jiao)內貪。這(zhe)種情(qing)況屬于(yu)(yu)陽,能體道(dao)(dao)合真,自然清靜。
(37)既(ji)生(sheng)貪(tan)求(qiu)(qiu),即(ji)是(shi)煩惱:貪(tan)求(qiu)(qiu)外事,要漸漸斷除;貪(tan)求(qiu)(qiu)內(nei)事,要勤勤修進。雖然是(shi)內(nei)求(qiu)(qiu)至道(dao),也(ye)不可以固執,如此也(ye)能生(sheng)煩惱。這里的煩惱也(ye)分(fen)兩種(zhong)情況,有(you)輕(qing)重(zhong)之分(fen),一(yi)是(shi)輕(qing)煩惱,二(er)是(shi)重(zhong)煩惱。輕(qing)煩惱是(shi)貪(tan)求(qiu)(qiu)至道(dao),這種(zhong)情況也(ye)生(sheng)煩惱。二(er)是(shi)外求(qiu)(qiu)世法,名(ming)重(zhong)煩惱。輕(qing)就(jiu)合陽,所以叫清,重(zhong)即(ji)合陰,所以叫濁。雖然分(fen)了(le)輕(qing)重(zhong),但兩者這間(jian)又是(shi)相(xiang)對(dui)的。貪(tan)就(jiu)會(hui)生(sheng)迷(mi)惑,但是(shi)要舍重(zhong)棄輕(qing),內(nei)守元和(he),湛然不動(dong),所以叫懷道(dao)抱(bao)德了(le),自然而(er)然就(jiu)淳樸了(le)。
(38)煩惱妄(wang)想(xiang),憂(you)苦(ku)(ku)身(shen)(shen)心。便遭濁(zhuo)(zhuo)辱,流浪(lang)生死(si)。常沉(chen)苦(ku)(ku)海(hai)(hai)(hai),永失(shi)真道:濁(zhuo)(zhuo),染。辱,污。流浪(lang),指(zhi)反復。苦(ku)(ku)海(hai)(hai)(hai),苦(ku)(ku)的(de)大(da)海(hai)(hai)(hai),海(hai)(hai)(hai)指(zhi)大(da)。此句(ju)言人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)身(shen)(shen)心逐于(yu)(yu)外(wai)物(wu),憂(you)苦(ku)(ku)自然(ran)(ran)而然(ran)(ran)就產生而擾亂身(shen)(shen)心,在生死(si)之間反復,永遠不(bu)(bu)(bu)能超脫(tuo),流浪(lang)于(yu)(yu)苦(ku)(ku)海(hai)(hai)(hai)之中。憂(you)苦(ku)(ku)的(de)事不(bu)(bu)(bu)能夠休止,都是出自人(ren)(ren)(ren)心造作的(de)。學道的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),都內守(shou)其(qi)一外(wai)除其(qi)想(xiang)(一,指(zhi)身(shen)(shen))。圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)云:“存三(san)守(shou)一”。(三(san),指(zhi)精(jing)、炁、神。)但守(shou)其(qi)身(shen)(shen),必存于(yu)(yu)三(san)。所(suo)以(yi)《西升經》云:守(shou)身(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi),常存也,專守(shou)其(qi)一,不(bu)(bu)(bu)生妄(wang)想(xiang),即免于(yu)(yu)苦(ku)(ku)海(hai)(hai)(hai),沉(chen)淪憂(you)苦(ku)(ku),不(bu)(bu)(bu)著(zhu)于(yu)(yu)身(shen)(shen)。心自然(ran)(ran)解脫(tuo),自然(ran)(ran)清靜。
(39)真常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),悟(wu)者(zhe)自得(de),得(de)悟(wu)道(dao)者(zhe),常(chang)清靜矣(yi):真道(dao)是(shi)常(chang)存的(de),無時不(bu)在,不(bu)生也不(bu)滅,她外(wai)包天地,內入毫芒(mang),運行日月(yue),長養萬物,人能(neng)悟(wu)解,自然而(er)得(de),得(de)的(de)不(bu)是(shi)外(wai)在的(de)東西,而(er)是(shi)道(dao)。所(suo)以太上說(shuo),人能(neng)覺(jue)悟(wu),悟(wu)則本性(xing),謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)得(de)道(dao)也,所(suo)得(de)到的(de)道(dao)不(bu)是(shi)大道(dao),大道(dao)是(shi)難求(qiu)難得(de)的(de)。經(jing)云(yun):“天道(dao)無親,常(chang)與善(shan)人。”又云(yun):“道(dao)本無形,莫之(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)名,得(de)悟(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),惟已自知。”善(shan)人常(chang)能(neng)守于清靜,都是(shi)得(de)到真道(dao)的(de)人。
此段總(zong)講了眾(zhong)生所(suo)以不能(neng)得到真(zhen)道的(de)原因,是由(you)于妄念之(zhi)(zhi)起,貪求身外有(you)(you)形之(zhi)(zhi)物,大傷自(zi)己精炁(qi)神,以至(zhi)流浪生死(si),常(chang)(chang)存苦海濁辱之(zhi)(zhi)中,受苦受難。如果(guo)一心向善,修(xiu)煉真(zhen)常(chang)(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)道,一旦(dan)了悟大道的(de)規律(lv),修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)不輟(chuo),自(zi)會有(you)(you)成。以達到常(chang)(chang)清常(chang)(chang)靜,有(you)(you)至(zhi)樂而無苦難的(de)真(zhen)常(chang)(chang)境(jing)界。
(40)仙人(ren)葛(ge)玄(xuan)曰:吾得(de)真道,誦(song)此經萬(wan)遍(bian):葛(ge)翁,此指葛(ge)玄(xuan)。三(san)國時(shi)方(fang)士(shi),字孝先,丹(dan)陽句容(rong)(今屬江蘇(su))人(ren)。《抱樸子(zi)·金丹(dan)篇》稱(cheng),他(ta)曾經從左(zuo)慈學(xue)(xue)道,受《太清(qing)(qing)丹(dan)經》、《九鼎丹(dan)經》、《金液丹(dan)經》等煉丹(dan)經書(shu),于閣(ge)皂山修(xiu)道,常(chang)辟谷(gu)服食(shi),擅符咒諸法,奇術甚(shen)多。后(hou)世道教尊稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“葛(ge)仙公”或(huo)“葛(ge)仙翁”,又(you)稱(cheng)“太極(ji)左(zuo)仙公”;北宋徽宗(zong)時(shi)封(feng)為(wei)(wei)“沖應真人(ren)”;南宋理(li)宗(zong)時(shi)封(feng)為(wei)(wei)“沖應孚佑真君”。明清(qing)(qing)時(shi),道門和民間又(you)常(chang)稱(cheng)葛(ge)洪(hong)為(wei)(wei)葛(ge)仙翁。仙翁,祖代(dai)求(qiu)仙,皆成(cheng)真人(ren),仙翁初(chu)入道之時(shi),居(ju)長白山,或(huo)居(ju)東岳,自后(hou)遍(bian)歷名山,殷勤求(qiu)道,成(cheng)道之后(hou),隱跡(ji)潛形(xing),惟(wei)值得(de)留經教于世,勸悟后(hou)學(xue)(xue)之徒,凡言誦(song)此經萬(wan)遍(bian)者,即(ji)萬(wan)行(xing)圓(yuan)(yuan)備,圓(yuan)(yuan)滿(man)之意。又(you)說,萬(wan)遍(bian)道備,飛升太空,萬(wan)神(shen)之備,萬(wan)遍(bian)既周,乃成(cheng)清(qing)(qing)靜之道。
(41)此經是(shi)天(tian)人(ren)習(xi),不(bu)(bu)傳下(xia)士(shi):天(tian)人(ren),極(ji)陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仙。天(tian)仙者,碧落飛騰,游(you)行自在(zai),兩腋有毛羽(yu),也叫羽(yu)客(ke)。凡是(shi)天(tian)仙羽(yu)客(ke),住于(yu)三(san)清之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,常行于(yu)經法,也不(bu)(bu)輕(qing)傳下(xia)士(shi)。世(shi)人(ren)苦修天(tian)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行,即謂天(tian)上人(ren)。凡欲(yu)修學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),何(he)不(bu)(bu)誦習(xi)此經,日有進修三(san)業,若無退(tui)慢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,是(shi)有進無退(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),也不(bu)(bu)令(ling)經傳下(xia)士(shi)。圣人(ren)云:“經法流行于(yu)世(shi),學(xue)人(ren)若遇須當寶而(er)貴(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)可輕(qing)世(shi),如逢賢士(shi),有心即授,有善即傳。”
(42)吾昔受(shou)之于(yu)(yu)東華(hua)帝君(jun):吾,仙(xian)翁自稱。東華(hua)帝君(jun),又(you)名木(mu)公、東王(wang)(wang)公、扶桑(sang)大帝,與丹靈、黃老(lao)、皓靈、玄老(lao)并稱“五方五老(lao)”,他掌管(guan)男仙(xian)名籍,男人成(cheng)仙(xian)必(bi)謁(ye)東王(wang)(wang)公,女于(yu)(yu)成(cheng)仙(xian)必(bi)謁(ye)西王(wang)(wang)母。此句(ju)言仙(xian)翁得受(shou)此經(jing)(清靜經(jing))于(yu)(yu)東華(hua)帝君(jun),也是不輕傳(chuan)于(yu)(yu)下士的。
(43)東華帝(di)君(jun)(jun)受(shou)之于金闕(que)帝(di)君(jun)(jun):金闕(que),指天庭。金闕(que)帝(di)君(jun)(jun),經(jing)(jing)書中說(shuo)法不一(yi),有經(jing)(jing)稱(cheng)是太上(shang)老(lao)君(jun)(jun)。有經(jing)(jing)稱(cheng)是太上(shang)老(lao)君(jun)(jun)隨(sui)方(fang)設化,或(huo)號(hao)天皇大(da)帝(di),或(huo)曰(yue)太一(yi)救苦天尊,或(huo)號(hao)金闕(que)圣君(jun)(jun)。此(ci)(ci)意指上(shang)圣帝(di)君(jun)(jun)都(dou)寶秘此(ci)(ci)經(jing)(jing),何(he)況后學傳授修(xiu)持(chi)諷誦,還不更加崇(chong)仰而(er)學修(xiu)。
(44)金闕帝君(jun)受之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)西王母(mu):西王母(mu),即(ji)王母(mu)娘娘、金母(mu)。是(shi)道教諸女(nv)仙之(zhi)(zhi)尊神(shen),女(nv)仙之(zhi)(zhi)首,凡女(nv)人成仙必(bi)謁“金母(mu)”。此句(ju)言(yan)金闕帝君(jun)受此經于(yu)西王母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)時,也(ye)是(shi)不輕傳(chuan)下士的。
(45)皆(jie)口口相傳,不(bu)記文字。吾(wu)今(jin)于世(shi),書而錄之(zhi):口口相傳,指古圣人(ren)傳授經法,都(dou)是(shi)內(nei)藏心腹,秘受經文,流通行化(hua),并不(bu)記文字,就不(bu)被世(shi)人(ren)所能見(jian)到。自(zi)從仙翁以來,書寫下了此(ci)經,傳于下世(shi),普遍流行,是(shi)要拔度后學之(zhi)人(ren)。
(46)上(shang)士(shi)(shi)悟之,升為天(tian)官:上(shang)士(shi)(shi),外煉形質(zhi),內養精(jing)神(shen)(shen)。外和其(qi)光,而同其(qi)塵,內修(xiu)功而保其(qi)元炁(qi)(qi),元炁(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)之母(mu),人能常存于(yu)元炁(qi)(qi),下保于(yu)丹田(tian),上(shang)固于(yu)泥(ni)丸,中守于(yu)絳(jiang)宮(gong),這樣保于(yu)三(san)元,內養于(yu)神(shen)(shen)。(神(shen)(shen),炁(qi)(qi)之子。形,神(shen)(shen)之舍。神(shen)(shen)是(shi)(shi)身(shen)之主(zhu),身(shen)無(wu)主(zhu)則不(bu)安,形無(wu)神(shen)(shen)而不(bu)立。)上(shang)達(da)之士(shi)(shi),常服日精(jing),保于(yu)下丹田(tian),飲月(yue)華,保于(yu)腦(nao)戶。(腦(nao)戶,指泥(ni)丸上(shang)丹田(tian),屬陰(yin)。所以用(yong)太陽(yang)精(jing)炁(qi)(qi)保之。)易經云:“一陰(yin)一陽(yang)之謂道,能恃(shi)日月(yue)二景(jing),扶身(shen)形而行(xing)之,必(bi)升為天(tian)官。五(wu)云五(wu)炁(qi)(qi),是(shi)(shi)五(wu)行(xing)之正炁(qi)(qi)。凡(fan)上(shang)道之人,五(wu)臟(zang)既真(zhen),五(wu)臟(zang)炁(qi)(qi)自生五(wu)行(xing),真(zhen)炁(qi)(qi)化成五(wu)云,扶其(qi)形質(zhi),上(shang)游三(san)界(jie)(jie)(三(san)界(jie)(jie),欲界(jie)(jie)、色界(jie)(jie)、無(wu)色界(jie)(jie)),下游十(shi)方(fang)(十(shi)方(fang),指四維(wei)、上(shang)、下。)。三(san)界(jie)(jie)十(shi)方(fang)俱無(wu)滯礙(ai),然后(hou)升入(ru)上(shang)清,得位(wei)為天(tian)官之號。
(47)中士(shi)修之(zhi),南(nan)宮(gong)列仙:凡學道之(zhi)士(shi),先(xian)順煉肌,謂之(zhi)寶(bao)玉(玉,指(zhi)(zhi)骨)。煉肺保津,謂之(zhi)炁(qi)。(金,指(zhi)(zhi)肺。金石(shi),指(zhi)(zhi)腎(shen)(shen)。丹,指(zhi)(zhi)心。)安(an)心息氣,保于(yu)。腎(shen)(shen)臟(zang),乃得(de)延年。不是世間金石(shi)寶(bao)玉。這里所謂的(de)(de)金石(shi),能保人性命。另據(ju)圖南(nan)子云(yun):如(ru)何外(wai)寶(bao)?即先(xian)要內保。如(ru)果能內保于(yu)性命,然后(hou)上(shang)參于(yu)上(shang)清圣(sheng)文。(圣(sheng)文,指(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)清秘寶(bao)之(zhi)書。)下(xia)達(da)玄微(wei)。(玄微(wei),指(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)元(yuan)腎(shen)(shen))又(you)據(ju)上(shang)清經(jing)云(yun):南(nan)方有(you)丹靈(ling)天,內有(you)蕊(rui)珠宮(gong),宮(gong)內有(you)一真君號靈(ling)天君。又(you)據(ju)是朱陽宮(gong)或朱陵宮(gong)。宮(gong)的(de)(de)一處(chu)有(you)炎炎火(huo)煉池,池有(you)七寶(bao)宮(gong)殿。也稱紫陽宮(gong)。如(ru)果有(you)下(xia)達(da)之(zhi)士(shi),學道成功的(de)(de),得(de)到司命真君認同,錄下(xia)姓名,奏上(shang)南(nan)宮(gong),就得(de)為(wei)仙宮(gong)之(zhi)號了。
(48)下(xia)士(shi)得(de)之,在(zai)世(shi)長年(nian):下(xia)士(shi)不能絕(jue)利一(yi)源(yuan),都求(qiu)資身益命之道,或(huo)(huo)服靈藥(yao),或(huo)(huo)餌(er)丹砂,或(huo)(huo)休名棄位,或(huo)(huo)淡靜(jing)安(an)神,或(huo)(huo)依(yi)倚林泉,或(huo)(huo)藏(zang)跡于朝(chao)市,內修至道,外合五常(chang),或(huo)(huo)隱或(huo)(huo)見,體(ti)道合真,如斯不退,尚保延年(nian),何況(kuang)高士(shi)英賢,隱于嵩谷,學神人(ren)餐藥(yao)而得(de)白日升天。何故(gu)后人(ren)不能專至,即今西(xi)岳華山,山居(ju)隱士(shi),丁陳二人(ren),在(zai)世(shi)延年(nian)注名以入仙位,況(kuang)后人(ren)不能相效,故(gu)舉(ju)此數(shu),喻乃明(ming)至道無(wu)偏求(qiu)者必達(da)。故(gu)本經云:天道無(wu)親,常(chang)與善人(ren)。
(49)游行三(san)(san)界(jie)(jie),升(sheng)入金門(men):靈寶(bao)經云(yun):三(san)(san)十二天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、三(san)(san)十二帝,第六(liu)名上(shang)(shang)(shang)明七(qi)曜摩夷天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝。名恬會延,此(ci)是欲(yu)界(jie)(jie)。雖(sui)有此(ci)說(shuo),凡(fan)學道但去其欲(yu),即名真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)。色(se)(se)界(jie)(jie)在二十四重天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),無極(ji)云(yun)誓(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)色(se)(se)界(jie)(jie),其帝君號名飄(piao)駑穹隆。太(tai)素(su)秀樂禁上(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)無色(se)(se)界(jie)(jie),帝君名龍羅(luo)覺長,此(ci)名三(san)(san)界(jie)(jie),乃指天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地而言,此(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)外約大綱之(zhi)說(shuo),若(ruo)(ruo)喻人(ren)(ren)身而言,三(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)即三(san)(san)丹(dan)田(tian)。下(xia)丹(dan)田(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)欲(yu)界(jie)(jie),中丹(dan)田(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)色(se)(se)界(jie)(jie),上(shang)(shang)(shang)丹(dan)田(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)無色(se)(se)界(jie)(jie)。人(ren)(ren)若(ruo)(ruo)保守于(yu)三(san)(san)丹(dan)田(tian),則精炁神存上(shang)(shang)(shang)中下(xia)三(san)(san)丹(dan)田(tian)之(zhi)境,真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)游于(yu)三(san)(san)界(jie)(jie),若(ruo)(ruo)得三(san)(san)丹(dan)田(tian),神俱足(zu)則自然升(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。所以經云(yun):形神俱妙(miao),與(yu)道合真(zhen)(zhen)。《上(shang)(shang)(shang)清經》云(yun):大羅(luo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)在三(san)(san)十二天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。《靈寶(bao)經》云(yun):三(san)(san)界(jie)(jie)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),渺(miao)渺(miao)大羅(luo),大羅(luo)之(zhi)境,惟(wei)有三(san)(san)清宮闕(que)。莫不上(shang)(shang)(shang)圣高尊游于(yu)其上(shang)(shang)(shang)。學道人(ren)(ren)若(ruo)(ruo)先修內行,保固守于(yu)三(san)(san)元(yuan)神,三(san)(san)元(yuan)神俱備,自得升(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),游行三(san)(san)清之(zhi)境,出入金闕(que)之(zhi)前,朝拜太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、得為(wei)(wei)(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)。故曰:升(sheng)入金門(men)。
(50)左玄(xuan)(xuan)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)曰:左,指(zhi)陽(yang)。玄(xuan)(xuan),指(zhi)一。左玄(xuan)(xuan)是道君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)號,得一真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren),是立(li)其(qi)左右(you)陰陽(yang)一的意思(si),所以稱左玄(xuan)(xuan)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)。左玄(xuan)(xuan)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)號法解(jie),大慈大仁,多請問因緣,下游(you)五濁,救(jiu)拔一切、復歸三(san)境。侍從尊慈,太(tai)上(shang)保之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),稱其(qi)名號。學仙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,但能存一守于(yu)陰陽(yang)二炁,則為(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)。何為(wei)守一,一者,道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本性,一為(wei)大也(ye)。又云(yun)身也(ye),所以《西升經》云(yun):愛(ai)(ai)(ai)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)如(ru)愛(ai)(ai)(ai)身,愛(ai)(ai)(ai)身不(bu)(bu)如(ru)愛(ai)(ai)(ai)神。愛(ai)(ai)(ai)神不(bu)(bu)如(ru)舍神,舍神不(bu)(bu)如(ru)守身,守身長(chang)久(jiu)長(chang)存。學人(ren)(ren)未玄(xuan)(xuan)微(wei),但且護形,愛(ai)(ai)(ai)炁輕(qing)物,賤名思(si)慮(lv)不(bu)(bu)惑(huo),則血(xue)氣和平,如(ru)此即(ji)其(qi)一可存。陰陽(yang)二炁,即(ji)坎離(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用,故謂為(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身,然(ran)后朝(chao)于(yu)太(tai)上(shang),皆得為(wei)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣也(ye)。上(shang)則參于(yu)三(san)境,下則游(you)于(yu)十方,開導眾生,教化未悟,引接(jie)群生,普令得其(qi)道,此即(ji)為(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所作也(ye)。
(51)學道(dao)之(zhi)士(shi),持(chi)誦(song)此經:持(chi)誦(song),依(yi)本(ben)曰讀(du),離本(ben)曰誦(song),學道(dao)之(zhi)士(shi),若能解心(xin)正(zheng),道(dao)念不退(tui),依(yi)法奉修如對(dui)太上,行住坐立,常持(chi)專一,是謂誦(song)經。
(52)即得(de)十(shi)(shi)天(tian)善(shan)神,擁護其(qi)身:十(shi)(shi)天(tian),指(zhi)八方和上下。《因緣經》云:每月十(shi)(shi)直齋,各有(you)善(shan)神直日,也為善(shan)神。且人(ren)有(you)三(san)業六根,身形之(zhi)業,故有(you)十(shi)(shi)惡(e)。(十(shi)(shi)惡(e),指(zhi)淫(yin)、殺(sha)、盜、貪、嫉妒、恚、惡(e)口、兩舌(she)、妄(wang)語(yu)、綺(qi)語(yu)。),(十(shi)(shi)善(shan),身不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)動,心不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)動,意不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)思,性不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)亂,耳不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)聽邪(xie)聲,口不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)言(yan)綺(qi)語(yu),目不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)視邪(xie)色,鼻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)受邪(xie)穢,舌(she)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)食邪(xie)味(wei),識不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)受于驚怖)十(shi)(shi)善(shan)既生(sheng),十(shi)(shi)惡(e)自滅。乃得(de)真(zhen)圣相護,此句言(yan)學道(dao)之(zhi)士心常念道(dao),持誦真(zhen)經,即得(de)善(shan)神擁護。
(53)然后(hou)玉(yu)(yu)符保神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),金液煉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)俱妙(miao)(miao),與(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)合(he)真(zhen):玉(yu)(yu)符,指玉(yu)(yu)皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符。令人(ren)(ren)(ren)學道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),功圓行(xing)滿(man)升入仙階,先得(de)玉(yu)(yu)皇符命,然后(hou)升仙。玉(yu)(yu)符于(yu)身(shen)而(er)論(lun),可(ke)明(ming)中元之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。(中元,指心(xin)(xin)。)學人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin),若能安(an)靜(jing)(jing)(jing),自(zi)然無染于(yu)塵垢,清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)而(er)保固(gu)(gu)(gu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。上等(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),悟煉金液之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),以固(gu)(gu)(gu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質。中士(shi)未(wei)悟,身(shen)外(wai)求樂,合(he)和修(xiu)煉,以寧性命。若論(lun)出入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),亦先固(gu)(gu)(gu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體,然后(hou)養(yang)于(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)識,而(er)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體固(gu)(gu)(gu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)瘦力倦。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)者,為(wei)彼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu),主(zhu)(zhu)安(an)則外(wai)固(gu)(gu)(gu),假如世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屋宅,無人(ren)(ren)(ren)則不能全。內(nei)外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),也是這(zhe)個道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)理(li)。故經云:我身(shen)乃(nai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)車,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舍,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)。主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)安(an)靜(jing)(jing)(jing),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)即(ji)居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),躁(zao)(zao)動神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)即(ji)去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)說(shuo)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)生形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不得(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不能自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不得(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不能自(zi)成。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)合(he)同(tong),更相生更相成,這(zhe)是表里相應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。又(you)說(shuo):神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)常愛(ai)人(ren)(ren)(ren),人(ren)(ren)(ren)不愛(ai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)常愛(ai)人(ren)(ren)(ren),愿(yuan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生,人(ren)(ren)(ren)不愛(ai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),為(wei)心(xin)(xin)所(suo)憂。心(xin)(xin)也是神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),其(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)名叫靈童,能惡能善,能昧能明(ming),能喜能怒,能正能邪。使意(yi)馬如風(feng),驅(qu)心(xin)(xin)猿如箭疾(ji)。巧生千種,機出萬端,皆在此(ci)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。《內(nei)觀經》云:心(xin)(xin)即(ji)是神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),非(fei)(fei)青非(fei)(fei)白,非(fei)(fei)赤(chi)非(fei)(fei)黃,非(fei)(fei)大(da)非(fei)(fei)小,非(fei)(fei)短非(fei)(fei)長(chang),非(fei)(fei)曲非(fei)(fei)直,非(fei)(fei)柔非(fei)(fei)剛(gang),非(fei)(fei)厚非(fei)(fei)薄,非(fei)(fei)圓非(fei)(fei)方,變化莫測,混合(he)陰陽;大(da)包天地,細入毫(hao)芒;制(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則止,放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則狂;清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)則生,濁躁(zao)(zao)則亡,人(ren)(ren)(ren)能清(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)修(xiu)至道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),制(zhi)伏其(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin),心(xin)(xin)既安(an)靜(jing)(jing)(jing),其(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)則生。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)生則形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)(gu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)(gu)成神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)藉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)成,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)藉神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)而(er)生,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)相藉,安(an)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)修(xiu)功,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)固(gu)(gu)(gu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)全。所(suo)以說(shuo):形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)俱妙(miao)(miao),內(nei)外(wai)相應(ying),自(zi)然與(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)合(he)真(zhen)。
(54)正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)真人(ren)(ren)(ren)曰:正(zheng),即真。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),為(wei)大(da),也指(zhi)心。心是南方(fang)太陽(yang)之象,原處北方(fang)。因何太陽(yang)處于北方(fang),為(wei)坎(kan)離中(zhong)(zhong)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)畫,故為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陽(yang),是謂心。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是陰(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)陽(yang)位(wei),二是陽(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)陰(yin)位(wei),此是五(wu)行(xing)反復(fu)之理,陰(yin)陽(yang)變化之用,是謂正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)真人(ren)(ren)(ren),指(zhi)漢天(tian)師,姓(xing)張(zhang),諱(hui)道陵(ling),今為(wei)三天(tian)大(da)法師,位(wei)任正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)真人(ren)(ren)(ren),又為(wei)三清度師,居圣(sheng)真之位(wei),曾煉(lian)五(wu)行(xing),修(xiu)功為(wei)國,扶(fu)衰救(jiu)苦,除害興(xing)物,利濟庶民,功圓(yuan)行(xing)滿,超凡(fan)成圣(sheng)。位(wei)居高上正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)真人(ren)(ren)(ren)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)若(ruo)能修(xiu)煉(lian)其心,自然關(guan)府通泰(tai),神和氣暢,皆由(you)正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之事(shi)。張(zhang)天(tian)師流傳(chuan)下來的有正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斬邪三五(wu)飛步(bu)之道、銅符鐵券(quan)、金丹寶(bao)經、秘訣靈章、二十四階品錄(lu)等(deng)。
(55)人(ren)家有(you)(you)此(ci)經(jing)(jing)(jing),悟(wu)解(jie)之者,災障不(bu)干(gan),眾(zhong)圣護門(men)(men):家,此(ci)指身(shen)。經(jing)(jing)(jing),指心(xin)(xin)(xin)。真人(ren)曰:家有(you)(you)此(ci)經(jing)(jing)(jing),若能悟(wu)解(jie)玄微,清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)身(shen)心(xin)(xin)(xin),修行念道,持誦不(bu)退,即(ji)(ji)得(de)(de)眾(zhong)圣神(shen)(shen)人(ren)護衛其門(men)(men),即(ji)(ji)得(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)人(ren)護門(men)(men)則(ze)(ze)(ze)災障不(bu)干(gan)于家庭,邪魔(mo)無犯于住止,皆(jie)因(yin)主人(ren)清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing),故得(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)明護門(men)(men)。內比喻則(ze)(ze)(ze)家猶(you)身(shen),心(xin)(xin)(xin)為(wei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)。人(ren)能清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)行其至道于心(xin)(xin)(xin),則(ze)(ze)(ze)謂(wei)之有(you)(you)此(ci)經(jing)(jing)(jing)。悟(wu),即(ji)(ji)覺。達,即(ji)(ji)解(jie)。通,作了(le)。覺了(le)則(ze)(ze)(ze)謂(wei)心(xin)(xin)(xin)有(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)(jing)。無經(jing)(jing)(jing)則(ze)(ze)(ze)未(wei)悟(wu)解(jie),故有(you)(you)災障,煩惱所生,若心(xin)(xin)(xin)了(le)達,則(ze)(ze)(ze)無煩惱。煩惱既無,自然清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)。災障不(bu)生,故不(bu)干(gan)。眾(zhong)圣護門(men)(men),意思是指人(ren)身(shen)中有(you)(you)三萬六(liu)千神(shen)(shen),左三魂右(you)七魄(po),身(shen)有(you)(you)一萬二(er)(er)千形影,體有(you)(you)二(er)(er)萬四精光,五臟六(liu)腑(fu),二(er)(er)十(shi)四神(shen)(shen),耳(er)眼口(kou)鼻皆(jie)有(you)(you),一一各(ge)有(you)(you)宮(gong)闕(que)所居,人(ren)若清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing),眾(zhong)神(shen)(shen)歸身(shen),各(ge)居宮(gong)闕(que),故云:眾(zhong)圣護門(men)(men)。
(56)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)升(sheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)界,朝(chao)拜高真(zhen):神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),即(ji)(ji)心,道(dao)典云(yun),聰明正(zheng)直謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),陰陽不測謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)圣(sheng)(sheng)。故(gu)云(yun)心靈則道(dao)降,道(dao)降則神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)靈,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)靈則圣(sheng)(sheng)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)明既圣(sheng)(sheng),即(ji)(ji)可升(sheng)。(升(sheng),登)。升(sheng)登于上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)界。(上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)界,三(san)(san)(san)(san)界之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),三(san)(san)(san)(san)清之(zhi)(zhi)境(jing)大羅天(tian))。人(ren)能(neng)保精(jing)養氣,愛神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)調和于元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)氣,填補于腦(nao),烹煉(lian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)水,變化精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)氣若(ruo)全,即(ji)(ji)得上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)三(san)(san)(san)(san)界,朝(chao)禮(li)太(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)高尊,凡學仙之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),所(suo)說朝(chao)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),即(ji)(ji)有二(er)(er)種,一論(lun)天(tian)地,二(er)(er)論(lun)人(ren)身(shen)(shen)(shen),即(ji)(ji)明三(san)(san)(san)(san)丹(dan)(dan)田(tian),且三(san)(san)(san)(san)界朝(chao)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)者,即(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、下(xia)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)應(ying)玉清始炁(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)化,號(hao)天(tian)寶(bao)君(jun),理(li)玉清圣(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)清微(wei)天(tian),總(zong)一十(shi)二(er)(er)部圣(sheng)(sheng)行之(zhi)(zhi)經,為(wei)洞(dong)(dong)真(zhen)教(jiao)主(zhu)(zhu),下(xia)于人(ren)身(shen)(shen)(shen)中(zhong)為(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)。腦(nao)宮(gong)(gong)也號(hao)泥丸(wan)宮(gong)(gong)、帝君(jun)以(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)于炁(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。中(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)者,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)應(ying)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)清元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)炁(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)化,號(hao)靈寶(bao)君(jun),理(li)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)清境(jing)禹余天(tian),總(zong)一十(shi)二(er)(er)部真(zhen)行之(zhi)(zhi)經,為(wei)洞(dong)(dong)玄教(jiao)主(zhu)(zhu),下(xia)于人(ren)身(shen)(shen)(shen)中(zhong)為(wei)中(zhong)丹(dan)(dan)田(tian),心府宮(gong)(gong),帝君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)于神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。下(xia)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)應(ying)太(tai)(tai)清玄炁(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)化,號(hao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)寶(bao)君(jun),理(li)太(tai)(tai)清仙境(jing),大赤天(tian)總(zong)一十(shi)二(er)(er)部仙行之(zhi)(zhi)經,為(wei)洞(dong)(dong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)教(jiao)主(zhu)(zhu),下(xia)于人(ren)身(shen)(shen)(shen)中(zhong)為(wei)下(xia)丹(dan)(dan)田(tian),炁(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)海腎宮(gong)(gong),帝君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)于命,此(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)宮(gong)(gong)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)寶(bao),天(tian)地得之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng),失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)傾,人(ren)生得之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)生,失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)死。故(gu)《黃(huang)庭經》云(yun):一身(shen)(shen)(shen)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)慎勿失(shi)。故(gu)要保愛。又(you)云(yun):仙人(ren)道(dao)士(shi)非有神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),積精(jing)累炁(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)真(zhen)。此(ci)句言,凡學道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),若(ruo)能(neng)運(yun)用精(jing)華,存想神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)炁(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),朝(chao)拜三(san)(san)(san)(san)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),修功不退久而行之(zhi)(zhi),自得真(zhen)道(dao)。
(57)功(gong)滿德(de)就,相感帝(di)君。誦持不退,身騰紫(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun):功(gong)滿八百,行(xing)(xing)(xing)滿三(san)(san)千(qian)。(功(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing),此指(zhi)修(xiu)煉的功(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。)學(xue)人(ren)(ren)若(ruo)能行(xing)(xing)(xing)胎息之(zhi)道,日行(xing)(xing)(xing)八百,即(ji)可以升(sheng)天(tian),功(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)感應,自(zi)(zi)然(ran)升(sheng)舉。古(gu)德(de)云(yun)(yun),功(gong)圓行(xing)(xing)(xing)滿升(sheng)為(wei)金闕之(zhi)臣,獨步(bu)玉京之(zhi)上道。學(xue)人(ren)(ren)若(ruo)能專守三(san)(san)宮(gong),朝(chao)拜(bai)真(zhen)元(yuan),百節闕府,自(zi)(zi)然(ran)通泰,萬(wan)神和暢。相感帝(di)君,指(zhi)既(ji)存(cun)守三(san)(san)元(yuan),三(san)(san)元(yuan)各有(you)帝(di)君,誦持不退,則心念正(zheng)(zheng)道。身騰紫(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun),指(zhi)內(nei)觀之(zhi)道,乃(nai)有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)說(shuo),人(ren)(ren)有(you)五(wu)(wu)臟(zang)屬于五(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing),人(ren)(ren)若(ruo)修(xiu)煉五(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)真(zhen)炁,傳于五(wu)(wu)臟(zang),故為(wei)實腹,五(wu)(wu)臟(zang)真(zhen)炁既(ji)成,自(zi)(zi)然(ran)尸解,出有(you)入無(wu),變化(hua)自(zi)(zi)在(zai),存(cun)亡恍惚,此為(wei)得(de)(de)道之(zhi)中也。紫(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun),指(zhi)五(wu)(wu)臟(zang)真(zhen)炁結成,紫(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)乃(nai)是(shi)上天(tian)誥(gao)命之(zhi)炁,故凡得(de)(de)道之(zhi)人(ren)(ren),皆是(shi)乘云(yun)(yun)而去,上升(sheng)三(san)(san)境,朝(chao)拜(bai)太上高尊(zun),以表得(de)(de)道人(ren)(ren)證于尊(zun)貴之(zhi)貌。此句言至(zhi)心修(xiu)道必然(ran)成道。
《清(qing)(qing)靜經(jing)》,全稱《太(tai)上老(lao)君說(shuo)常清(qing)(qing)靜經(jing)》,一卷。作者不詳(xiang),一說(shuo)葛玄。道教稱老(lao)君西游白龜臺之時,為(wei)(wei)西王(wang)(wang)母說(shuo)常清(qing)(qing)靜經(jing),西王(wang)(wang)母皆口口相傳,不記文(wen)字(zi),吾今于(yu)世書而(er)錄(lu)之。為(wei)(wei)道士們日(ri)常誦習的(de)(de)重要功課(ke)(ke)之一。《太(tai)上老(lao)君說(shuo)常清(qing)(qing)靜經(jing)》(簡稱《清(qing)(qing)靜經(jing)》)大約產生于(yu)唐朝,當時比(bi)較著名的(de)(de)注本為(wei)(wei)杜光(guang)庭所注。金代(dai),王(wang)(wang)重陽創立全真(zhen)教后(hou),《清(qing)(qing)靜經(jing)》就成為(wei)(wei)全真(zhen)教的(de)(de)日(ri)常功課(ke)(ke),作為(wei)(wei)非常重要的(de)(de)經(jing)典被重視。
云篆太虛,浩劫之初。乍(zha)(zha)遐(xia)乍(zha)(zha)邇(ěr) ,或沉或浮。五方徘徊,一丈之馀(yú)。天(tian)真(zhen)皇(huang)人,按筆乃書。以(yi)演洞章,次書靈符。元始(shi)下降(jiang),真(zhen)文誕(dan)敷。昭(zhao)昭(zhao)其有,冥(ming)冥(ming)其無。沉疴(kē)能自痊,塵勞溺可扶。幽(you)冥(ming)將(jiang)有賴,由是(shi)升仙都。
關于此(ci)經(jing)的成立(li)時代,根據考證應(ying)為唐代,因: (一)《清(qing)靜經(jing)》七種注本中,屬杜光庭(ting)注本為最(zui)早(zao),杜光庭(ting)是唐末五代人(ren),因此(ci)《清(qing)靜經(jing)》應(ying)系(xi)晚唐以前的作品。
(二)「洞神部 玉訣類 是(shi)字號(hao)」的無名(ming)氏注本,載有太極真(zhen)人向唐(tang) 同昌公主(zhu)傳授五(wu)戒(jie)、十(shi)善、六(liu)齋、三(san)會、五(wu)臘(la)、五(wu)忌之(zhi)法,并誡其當奉持《清(qing)靜經》之(zhi)事。注中亦記唐(tang)時靈驗故事,以(yi)宣揚此經的神應。可見(jian)此經在唐(tang)時已(yi)普遍(bian)流(liu)傳。
由以上(shang)兩點可知(zhi)此經成于唐代殆無疑(yi)義。另從此經文字用(yong)例來看(kan),如三毒、六欲等詞匯并(bing)不常見于六朝以前(qian)的古(gu)籍。故應為六朝后的作品而非(fei)葛洪所作。疑(yi)為后世道(dao)流所依托,作者不詳。
本(ben)經(jing)(jing)文詞用法(fa)糅(rou)合儒釋道三(san)家詞語(yu),故作者應是(shi)容攝三(san)教(jiao)(jiao)思想者。其(qi)經(jing)(jing)文的(de)意義,包含道教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)道,佛教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)三(san)業、三(san)界說法(fa)以及儒家的(de)道德說,但其(qi)基本(ben)思想仍為老子道的(de)本(ben)體論與人(ren)生論。
至于(yu)此經(jing)(jing)的(de)成立(li)背景,可大體以(yi)(yi)唐時的(de)宗教情(qing)(qing)況概觀(guan)。唐初李氏崇拜(bai)老子(zi),故(gu)崇道(dao)抑(yi)佛;至武后(hou)朝,反崇佛棄道(dao)。這(zhe)種反復的(de)情(qing)(qing)況和六朝時期非常相似,所以(yi)(yi)佛道(dao)并存(cun)在(zai)唐代,只是一方(fang)(fang)顯明(ming),另(ling)一方(fang)(fang)則灰黯,并非消失(shi)。到晚唐時,因(yin)政治更加(jia)(jia)混亂,人(ren)民浮奢,遂需要一些(xie)教化(hua)人(ren)心的(de)教材加(jia)(jia)以(yi)(yi)規范,宗教于(yu)此便發(fa)生了凈(jing)化(hua)作(zuo)用。亦(yi)因(yin)為(wei)佛道(dao)并存(cun),所以(yi)(yi)彼此作(zuo)品(pin)當中皆有(you)對(dui)方(fang)(fang)的(de)思(si)想存(cun)在(zai),藉以(yi)(yi)吸收社(she)會(hui)民眾(zhong)的(de)認同(tong),故(gu)劃分并不很清(qing)(qing)楚。加(jia)(jia)以(yi)(yi)這(zhe)部經(jing)(jing)典(dian)旨在(zai)講清(qing)(qing)靜、無欲、陰陽等(deng)觀(guan)念,其演變符合(he)唐代社(she)會(hui)狀(zhuang)況所需,更加(jia)(jia)深(shen)此經(jing)(jing)為(wei)唐朝作(zuo)品(pin)的(de)可信(xin)度。
《清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》全(quan)文僅四(si)百(bai)多字(zi),去(qu)掉經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)末(mo)的(de)(de)題(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)"仙人(ren)葛(ge)翁""左玄真(zhen)人(ren)""正一(yi)真(zhen)人(ren)"的(de)(de)評語(yu),則(ze)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)四(si)百(bai)字(zi)。但(dan)是(shi)該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)言簡意賅(gai),以"清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)"為(wei)(wei)(wei)其主要(yao)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),繼承并(bing)發展了(le)(le)早期(qi)道(dao)家(jia),包括老莊、列子、《易經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》等人(ren)或經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)典的(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)其獨具特色(se)的(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體系。該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)雖然以道(dao)家(jia)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,但(dan)同時也吸收并(bing)借鑒了(le)(le)佛教的(de)(de)一(yi)些思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和名(ming)(ming)詞(ci),尤其是(shi)其中(zhong)"空(kong)"的(de)(de)理(li)念,這也成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)"遣欲觀空(kong)"的(de)(de)主要(yao)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。該(gai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)人(ren)能達到(dao)(dao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing) 清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)境界或者(zhe)狀態, 可以做到(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)欲無(wu)(wu)求, 還(huan)能應和萬物, 教化(hua)(hua)(hua)眾生(sheng)(sheng), 使天地歸(gui)于大道(dao)。朱熹說(shuo)(shuo):“后來道(dao)家(jia)做《清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》, 又卻(que)偷(tou)佛家(jia)言語(yu), 全(quan)做得(de)不(bu)(bu)好。佛經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)所(suo)謂(wei)‘色(se)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)空(kong)’處, 他把色(se)、受(shou)、想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、行、識五(wu)個(ge)對一(yi)個(ge)‘空(kong)’字(zi)說(shuo)(shuo), 故(gu)曰(yue):‘空(kong)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)色(se)。受(shou)、想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、行、識, 亦復如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)’, 謂(wei)是(shi)空(kong)也。而(er)(er)(er)《清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)凈(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》中(zhong)偷(tou)此(ci)句意思(si)(si)(si), 卻(que)說(shuo)(shuo)‘無(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu)’, 只(zhi)偷(tou)得(de)他‘色(se)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)空(kong)’, 卻(que)不(bu)(bu)曾(ceng)理(li)會得(de)他‘受(shou)、想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、行、識, 亦復如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)’之(zhi)意, 全(quan)無(wu)(wu)道(dao)理(li)。”《清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》更有(you)(you)(you)(you)可能是(shi)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)六(liu)朝時期(qi)前秦鳩摩羅(luo)什譯(yi)本《心經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》的(de)(de)影響。《清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》采用了(le)(le)佛教的(de)(de)六(liu)欲、三毒、空(kong)、妄心、煩惱妄想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、苦海等專有(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)詞(ci)。“空(kong)”的(de)(de)思(si)(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang), 很明顯來自佛教, 而(er)(er)(er)且其語(yu)言結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)也和佛經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)語(yu)言結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)相似。其后的(de)(de)“既(ji)入真(zhen)道(dao), 名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)道(dao), 雖名(ming)(ming)得(de)道(dao), 實無(wu)(wu)所(suo)得(de);為(wei)(wei)(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)眾生(sheng)(sheng), 名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)道(dao)”等多處語(yu)言結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)也明顯模(mo)仿了(le)(le)佛教的(de)(de)語(yu)言。 在(zai)六(liu)朝以前的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)典中(zhong), 沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)“苦海”一(yi)詞(ci), 而(er)(er)(er)佛教傳入中(zhong)國后, 許多漢譯(yi)佛經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)常出現(xian)這個(ge)詞(ci)語(yu)。《常清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei), 眾生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)所(suo)以不(bu)(bu)能得(de)到(dao)(dao)真(zhen)正意義上的(de)(de)“道(dao)”, 是(shi)因為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)顆妄動的(de)(de)心,從而(er)(er)(er)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)斷輪(lun)回。道(dao)家(jia)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)觀與(yu)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)同, 《莊子》認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)未生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)前本來沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming), 不(bu)(bu)僅沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming), 連形體也沒有(you)(you)(you)(you), 而(er)(er)(er)且連構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)形體的(de)(de)元(yuan)素都(dou)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you), 混雜(za)在(zai)恍惚(hu)之(zhi)中(zhong), 混沌變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)元(yuan)氣, 元(yuan)氣變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)形體, 形體變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming), 生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)而(er)(er)(er)至死(si)亡。這樣的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)同寒來暑往(wang)的(de)(de)四(si)季一(yi)樣, 如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)(guo)失聲痛(tong)哭, 那就是(shi)不(bu)(bu)懂天地自然變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)理(li)。