宜興市周鐵(tie)城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟,道教(jiao)邑廟,位(wei)于周鐵(tie)鎮(zhen)老街。城(cheng)(cheng)隍,又(you)稱城(cheng)(cheng)隍神(shen)(shen)、城(cheng)(cheng)隍爺。是漢(han)民(min)族宗教(jiao)文化中普遍崇(chong)祀的重要神(shen)(shen)祇之一,由有功(gong)于地方民(min)眾的名(ming)臣英雄充(chong)當,是漢(han)族民(min)間和道教(jiao)信奉守(shou)護城(cheng)(cheng)池(chi)之神(shen)(shen)。
周鐵(tie)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟始建(jian)于(yu)明朝(chao)初年,由大(da)明太祖(zu)高皇(huang)(huang)帝朱元(yuan)璋下令敕建(jian),乾(qian)隆和道(dao)光年間亦有重(zhong)修(xiu)。前殿(dian)(dian)供奉城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神四品顯佑伯楊國(guo)興(xing)(xing)大(da)元(yuan)帥(shuai),后殿(dian)(dian)供奉幽(you)冥(ming)教(jiao)主(zhu)、二(er)樓慈航真人。現門(men)前存(cun)有1800多(duo)年歲的(de)古銀杏樹,系三國(guo)時東吳主(zhu)吳太祖(zu)大(da)皇(huang)(huang)帝孫權(quan)之(zhi)母吳國(guo)太所植。周鐵(tie)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟坐落于(yu)宜興(xing)(xing)市較為寂靜較負有盛名的(de)的(de)歷(li)(li)史文化名鎮(zhen)周鐵(tie)鎮(zhen),是宜興(xing)(xing)地(di)區(qu)重(zhong)要的(de)道(dao)教(jiao)宮觀,始建(jian)于(yu)明代(dai),距今已(yi)有六百多(duo)年的(de)歷(li)(li)史。風(feng)雨倉(cang)桑,朝(chao)代(dai)更迭,周鐵(tie)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟也歷(li)(li)經興(xing)(xing)衰(shuai)。
在素有(you)“陶的(de)(de)古都,洞的(de)(de)世界(jie),茶(cha)的(de)(de)綠洲,竹的(de)(de)海洋”之(zhi)稱(cheng)的(de)(de)江蘇省宜(yi)興市(shi),有(you)一座(zuo)(zuo)著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)道教宮(gong)觀——周鐵(tie)城隍(huang)廟(miao)。周鐵(tie)城隍(huang)廟(miao),乃無錫頗富盛名(ming)的(de)(de)道教宮(gong)觀。位于(yu)風景秀美(mei)的(de)(de)太湖西岸、宜(yi)興市(shi)周鐵(tie)古鎮小(xiao)街(jie),西靠橫塘河,東臨北街(jie),建(jian)筑(zhu)朝南(南偏西15°)。周鐵(tie)城隍(huang)廟(miao)始建(jian)于(yu)明朝初(chu)年(nian)(nian),清代亦有(you)重修,共兩(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)。一進(jin)(jin)(jin)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)闊3間10.70米(mi)(mi),進(jin)(jin)(jin)深13.30米(mi)(mi)。一進(jin)(jin)(jin)前院內(nei)(nei)有(you)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)銀(yin)杏樹一棵。二(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)為二(er)層樓房,進(jin)(jin)(jin)深7.40米(mi)(mi),廊(lang)檐(yan)有(you)精美(mei)的(de)(de)花(hua)雕。一、二(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)間天(tian)井進(jin)(jin)(jin)深4.50米(mi)(mi),建(jian)筑(zhu)總體較為完整。一進(jin)(jin)(jin)建(jian)筑(zhu)內(nei)(nei)有(you)古碑(bei)(bei)兩(liang)方。西面(mian)(mian)碑(bei)(bei)名(ming):重修城隍(huang)廟(miao)碑(bei)(bei)。落款:道光二(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)歲次(ci)戊申孟夏。碑(bei)(bei)通高2米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)0.86米(mi)(mi),碑(bei)(bei)座(zuo)(zuo)寬(kuan)1米(mi)(mi)。東面(mian)(mian)碑(bei)(bei)文模糊難(nan)辨(bian),碑(bei)(bei)通高1.84米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)0.70米(mi)(mi)。落款:乾隆(long)戊辰年(nian)(nian)。據(ju)城隍(huang)廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)乾隆(long)十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(1748年(nian)(nian))和(he)道光二(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(1848年(nian)(nian))兩(liang)塊老碑(bei)(bei)記載,城隍(huang)廟(miao)始建(jian)于(yu)明朝初(chu)年(nian)(nian),后于(yu)乾隆(long)十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)和(he)道光二(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)重修。
作(zuo)為宜興(xing)地區重要的道教(jiao)宮觀(guan),周鐵城隍廟(miao)在“文革”時期遭受了重大的打(da)擊,神像被毀,解(jie)放后(hou)殘破的老廟(miao)曾作(zuo)他(ta)用。后(hou)來隨著宗教(jiao)信(xin)(xin)仰自由政策(ce)逐步落(luo)實,直至2009年經上(shang)級(ji)主管部門批(pi)復重建后(hou),重新成為正(zheng)式開放的道教(jiao)宮觀(guan)。在各級(ji)領(ling)導的關心(xin)下,在道教(jiao)信(xin)(xin)徒的支持下,由吳(wu)氏兄弟投入(ru)近千(qian)萬資金重修城隍廟(miao),于2015年正(zheng)式登記為道教(jiao)活動(dong)場所,并以宜興(xing)城隍圣(sheng)誕(dan)日(ri)四月初三為開光(guang)慶典活動(dong)日(ri)。
今天(tian)的周(zhou)鐵城隍廟,包括城隍殿(dian)、地藏殿(dian)(幽冥殿(dian))、慈航殿(dian)三個(ge)殿(dian)堂(tang)。每(mei)天(tian)來自全國各地的朝拜(bai)者、還(huan)愿信眾甚多。不(bu)管(guan)是(shi)普通百姓,還(huan)是(shi)達官貴人,都會(hui)虔誠拜(bai)神,以求(qiu)城隍保(bao)佑。該廟于2009年列入宜興(xing)市(shi)文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。
城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟大殿正門(men)上懸“城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟”匾(bian)額,此匾(bian)由(you)第七屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang),曾任(ren)(ren)世(shi)界(jie)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和平會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)席、全國(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)協(xie)(xie)常(chang)(chang)委、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)和平委員會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)副主(zhu)席、國(guo)家(jia)民族宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)委副主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)、陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)、山西道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)名譽會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學院院長(chang)、陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西周(zhou)至樓(lou)觀臺道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)觀監院、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)咨議委員會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)席任(ren)(ren)法融道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)長(chang)親手書(shu)寫(xie)。正門(men)兩側(ce)抱柱(zhu)的對聯(lian)“天(tian)地(di)你我怎說不知,善(shan)惡遲早(zao)定必有報”則是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)第六屆會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)、曾任(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學院院長(chang)、陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西省道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)名譽會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)、西安(an)市道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)、西安(an)八仙(xian)宮監院。陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西省人(ren)大第七、八、九、十(shi)屆代(dai)表,西安(an)市政(zheng)(zheng)協(xie)(xie)第 八、九、十(shi)、十(shi)一屆常(chang)(chang)務委員、全國(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)協(xie)(xie)第十(shi)屆常(chang)(chang)務委員、全國(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)協(xie)(xie)民族宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)事務委員會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)副主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)委員、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華海外聯(lian)誼會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)理事閔智亭道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)長(chang)留下(xia)的墨寶。
大(da)殿內(nei)供奉城(cheng)(cheng)隍神(shen)四(si)(si)品顯(xian)佑伯楊國(guo)興大(da)元帥(shuai)坐像,左首(shou)為(wei)文判官,等(deng)同(tong)于(yu)(yu)衙(ya)門里的(de)(de)(de)左典(dian)史(shi),左手(shou)握(wo)有(you)生死簿,調查人(ren)(ren)民(min)素(su)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)善惡(e)及壽夭,執行(xing)各司(si)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)判文或檢閱記錄;右(you)(you)首(shou)為(wei)武(wu)判官則是(shi)相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)右(you)(you)典(dian)史(shi),對(dui)于(yu)(yu)犯(fan)行(xing)業已判明者,右(you)(you)手(shou)則舉(ju)執行(xing)刑(xing)罰。立柱懸有(you)對(dui)聯“雪逞風威白占(zhan)田(tian)園能幾日(ri),云從(cong)雨(yu)勢黑漫大(da)地沒多時”以贊揚城(cheng)(cheng)隍神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)績。城(cheng)(cheng)隍爺(ye)的(de)(de)(de)從(cong)屬除了文武(wu)判官還(huan)有(you)六(liu)(liu)司(si)、牛(niu)爺(ye)馬爺(ye)、范(fan)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)謝將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、三十(shi)六(liu)(liu)關將(jiang)(jiang)。六(liu)(liu)司(si)即延壽司(si)、速報司(si)、糾察司(si)、獎善司(si)、罰惡(e)司(si)、增(zeng)祿(lu)司(si)。牛(niu)爺(ye)與馬爺(ye)本為(wei)閻羅王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)從(cong)屬,乃站在(zai)陰陽之間奈何(he)橋的(de)(de)(de)守衛。神(shen)座(zuo)兩旁邊附祀兩位大(da)將(jiang)(jiang),左為(wei)謝將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)即謝必(bi)安,俗稱“七(qi)爺(ye)”,高舉(ju)“火簽”牌。右(you)(you)為(wei)范(fan)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)即范(fan)無(wu)(wu)救,俗稱“八爺(ye)”,左手(shou)掌(zhang)手(shou)銬(kao)腳(jiao)鏈(lian),右(you)(you)手(shou)拿“賞善罰惡(e)”四(si)(si)字牌,張牙舞(wu)爪,神(shen)氣十(shi)分嚇人(ren)(ren)。范(fan)、謝將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun),一(yi)(yi)高一(yi)(yi)矮、一(yi)(yi)黑一(yi)(yi)白,也就是(shi)俗稱的(de)(de)(de)黑無(wu)(wu)常(chang)及白無(wu)(wu)常(chang),其職責(ze)乃是(shi)押解犯(fan)人(ren)(ren)到城(cheng)(cheng)隍爺(ye)的(de)(de)(de)法庭,專(zhuan)司(si)緝捕(bu)鬼魂及惡(e)鬼,負(fu)有(you)維持陰間秩(zhi)序的(de)(de)(de)職責(ze)。城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟大(da)都陰森肅穆(mu),神(shen)前設判官、查案司(si)、日(ri)夜巡撫等(deng),手(shou)執刑(xing)具,兩廊(lang)吏屬、皂隸、牛(niu)頭馬面等(deng),設置一(yi)(yi)如公堂。
后殿(dian)被稱為地(di)藏(zang)殿(dian),也為幽冥殿(dian),實(shi)則供(gong)奉(feng)的乃是(shi)地(di)藏(zang)王菩薩(sa),民(min)間稱之為“幽冥教主(zhu)”,二樓供(gong)奉(feng)的是(shi)慈航大(da)士仙姑真人。