電(dian)話(hua)[英語(yu)(yu):Telephone,出(chu)自(zi)希臘語(yu)(yu)τ?λε(tēle,意(yi)為(wei)(wei)“遠”)和(he)φων?(phōnē,意(yi)為(wei)(wei)“聲(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)”),舊譯德律風]是一種可以傳(chuan)送與接(jie)收聲(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)的遠程(cheng)通信(xin)設備。早在(zai)18世(shi)紀(ji)歐洲已(yi)有(you)“電(dian)話(hua)”一詞,用來指(zhi)用線串成的話(hua)筒(以線串起(qi)杯子)。電(dian)話(hua)的出(chu)現(xian)要歸功于亞歷山大·格拉(la)漢(han)姆·貝爾(er),早期電(dian)話(hua)機的原理(li)為(wei)(wei):說話(hua)聲(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)為(wei)(wei)空氣里的復合振(zhen)動,可傳(chuan)輸到固(gu)體上(shang)(shang),通過電(dian)脈(mo)沖于導電(dian)金(jin)屬上(shang)(shang)傳(chuan)遞。貝爾(er)于1876年3月(yue)申請了電(dian)話(hua)的專(zhuan)利(li)權。
美國(guo)國(guo)會2002年6月15日269號決議確認安東尼奧·穆齊為電話(hua)的(de)發(fa)(fa)明人。穆齊于1860年首(shou)次向(xiang)公眾展示了他的(de)發(fa)(fa)明,并(bing)在紐(niu)約的(de)意(yi)大利(li)語報(bao)紙上發(fa)(fa)表了關于這項發(fa)(fa)明的(de)介紹。
歷史上對電話(hua)的改進和發(fa)明包(bao)括:碳粉話(hua)筒、人工(gong)交換板、撥號盤(pan)、自(zi)動(dong)電話(hua)交換機、程控電話(hua)交換機、雙音(yin)多頻撥號、語音(yin)數字采樣(yang)等。近年來的新技術包(bao)括:ISDN、DSL、網絡(luo)電話(hua)、模(mo)擬(ni)移(yi)動(dong)電話(hua)和數字移(yi)動(dong)電話(hua)等。
這一(yi)(yi)行業(ye)通常分為電話設備(bei)制造商(shang)和(he)電話網絡(luo)運(yun)營商(shang)。在(zai)歷史上,網絡(luo)運(yun)營商(shang)通常都(dou)擁有全國(guo)(guo)性的(de)壟斷。近年來(lai),隨著全球電信(xin)市場(chang)的(de)開(kai)放和(he)集成以及(ji)技術的(de)發(fa)展,逐漸出現多(duo)家(jia)運(yun)營商(shang)在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)市場(chang)競爭的(de)局面。例如,貝爾(er)系統,即AT&T的(de)下(xia)屬公司(si)曾擁有美國(guo)(guo)電話市場(chang)的(de)80%。1984年,由于美國(guo)(guo)司(si)法部反(fan)壟斷訴(su)訟,貝爾(er)系統被(bei)迫分區成多(duo)個(ge)獨立的(de)地方貝爾(er)公司(si)。有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)說法可以說明這個(ge)現象(xiang):在(zai)AT&T未分區前,IBM是(shi)美國(guo)(guo)第二大公司(si)。在(zai)AT&T分區成七個(ge)公司(si)后,IBM的(de)排名(ming)變成第八(ba)名(ming)。
電話(hua)機是通過電信號雙(shuang)向傳輸話(hua)音的終端(duan)設備。
歷(li)史(shi)上對(dui)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)機的改進和(he)發明(ming)包括(kuo):碳粉話(hua)(hua)(hua)筒、電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)人工交換(huan)板、撥號(hao)盤(pan)、自動(dong)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)交換(huan)機、程(cheng)控電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)交換(huan)機、雙音多頻(pin)撥號(hao)、語音數(shu)字采樣等。新技術包括(kuo):ISDN、DSL、模擬移動(dong)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)數(shu)字移動(dong)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)機等。
電話(hua)電源線、電話(hua)線、收線開(kai)關(guan)、受話(hua)器、增音按(an)鈕、送話(hua)器、本(ben)機號碼片(pian)(pian)、鈴聲及(ji)免(mian)(mian)提喇叭(ba)、記憶(yi)代碼鍵、記憶(yi)號碼片(pian)(pian)、數字按(an)鍵、記憶(yi)取(qu)出鍵、記憶(yi)儲存鍵、重撥鍵、工作指示(shi)燈、免(mian)(mian)提鍵、R鍵、免(mian)(mian)提送話(hua)器、鈴聲調節(jie)開(kai)關(guan)、P/T開(kai)關(guan)、免(mian)(mian)提接收音量調節(jie)旋鈕。
電話通信是通過聲能與電能相互轉換、并(bing)利用“電”這個(ge)媒介來傳輸語言的(de)一(yi)種通信技術。兩個(ge)用戶要進行通信,最(zui)簡單的(de)形式就是將兩部電話機用一(yi)對線路連接起來。
當發(fa)話(hua)者拿起電話(hua)機(ji)對著送話(hua)器講話(hua)時,聲帶的振動(dong)激勵空(kong)氣振動(dong),形(xing)成聲波。
聲波作用于送話器上,使之(zhi)產生電流(liu),稱(cheng)為話音(yin)電流(liu)。
話(hua)音電流沿著線路傳送到(dao)對(dui)方(fang)電話(hua)機的受話(hua)器(qi)內。
而受話器作(zuo)用(yong)與送話器剛好相反——把電流(liu)轉化(hua)為聲波,通過空氣傳至(zhi)人的耳朵中。
這樣,就完成(cheng)了最(zui)簡單(dan)的通(tong)話過程。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是美國(guo)人A.G.貝爾于1876年(nian)發(fa)明的(de)。他(ta)用兩根(gen)導線連接兩個結構(gou)完(wan)全相同(tong)、在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)鐵上裝有(you)振(zhen)動(dong)膜片的(de)送(song)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)和(he)受話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi),首(shou)先實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)兩端通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。但(dan)通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)距(ju)離短、效率(lv)低。1878年(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)炭(tan)精送(song)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi),使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)送(song)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)效率(lv)大大提(ti)高。受話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)結構(gou)也(ye)有(you)改進(jin)。最早的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是磁(ci)石(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),靠自(zi)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),用手搖發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)送(song)呼叫(jiao)信號(hao)(hao)。1880年(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)共電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),改由共電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)集(ji)(ji)中供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),省去手播發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。1891年(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)旋(xuan)轉撥號(hao)(hao)盤式自(zi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),它可以發(fa)出(chu)(chu)(chu)直(zhi)(zhi)流撥號(hao)(hao)脈沖(chong),控制自(zi)動(dong)交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)作,選擇被叫(jiao)用戶,自(zi)動(dong)完(wan)成(cheng)交(jiao)換(huan)功(gong)能。從(cong)而把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)通信推向一個新階段。到20世紀60年(nian)代(dai)末期出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)按鍵(jian)式全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。除脈沖(chong)發(fa)號(hao)(hao)方式外,又(you)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)雙音(yin)多頻(pin)(pin)(DTMF)發(fa)號(hao)(hao)方式。隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)程控交(jiao)換(huan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)發(fa)展,雙音(yin)頻(pin)(pin)按鍵(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)已(yi)逐步普(pu)及(ji)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)正在(zai)向集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)化邁(mai)進(jin),話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)專用集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)已(yi)廣泛(fan)用于話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)各(ge)組成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)。各(ge)種多功(gong)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)特種用途電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)應運而生(sheng)。到20世紀90年(nian)代(dai)初,已(yi)有(you)了(le)(le)將撥號(hao)(hao)、通話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、振(zhen)鈴三種功(gong)能集(ji)(ji)于一塊集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)音(yin)識別技術的(de)發(fa)展,直(zhi)(zhi)接用話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)音(yin)“撥號(hao)(hao)”的(de)新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)正在(zai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。
最(zui)初的電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)機(ji)(終(zhong)端(duan))是(shi)由(you)微(wei)型發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)構成的磁石式電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)機(ji),打電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)時,使用者(zhe)用手搖微(wei)型發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)呼叫對方,對方啟機(ji)后(hou)構成通(tong)話(hua)回路(lu)。后(hou)來,1877年愛迪生(T.E.Edison)發(fa)(fa)(fa)明了碳素送話(hua)器(qi)和(he)(he)誘導線路(lu)后(hou)通(tong)話(hua)距(ju)離延長了。同(tong)一年又(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)明了共電(dian)(dian)(dian)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)機(ji)。1891年終(zhong)于發(fa)(fa)(fa)展到A.B.Strowger發(fa)(fa)(fa)明了自動式電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)機(ji)。
電(dian)(dian)話機設置在電(dian)(dian)話通信起點和(he)(he)終點的(de)用(yong)戶側,是電(dian)(dian)話網(wang)的(de)用(yong)戶終端設備。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)話機能夠(gou)方(fang)便地(di)實現(xian)(xian)終端用(yong)戶之間的(de)呼(hu)叫和(he)(he)通話,是經過一百多(duo)年(nian)來許多(duo)人的(de)研究和(he)(he)無數次的(de)改進(jin)而形成(cheng)的(de)。盡管它(ta)們的(de)式樣千差萬別,但一般都有(you)如下基本(ben)功能:
1、聲電互換
因為要進行快速(su)的、遠距(ju)離的通信(xin),不能(neng)直接傳送聲(sheng)音,而(er)必須先把(ba)聲(sheng)音變成電(dian)信(xin)號(即(ji)以電(dian)作為載體),到對方后再把(ba)電(dian)信(xin)號還原(yuan)成為聲(sheng)音。
2、摘機識別
當主叫方拿起電(dian)話機(ji)時(shi),交換機(ji)應有能知道“有人要打電(dian)話”的功(gong)能,以便交換機(ji)做好接續準備。
3、發送信號
自動電(dian)話(hua)機正是(shi)通過發送(song)撥號信號來指揮電(dian)話(hua)交換(huan)機的工作(zuo),并進而建立兩個電(dian)話(hua)機之間的連(lian)接的。
4、響鈴
即在對方來電(dian)話時,電(dian)話機能(neng)以鈴聲告訴(su)主(zhu)人:“有人來電(dian)話了。”
5、電接續
電(dian)話(hua)機中,實現這(zhe)五大功能(neng)的部件依(yi)次(ci)是:送受(shou)話(hua)器、叉簧、撥號盤(pan)(或按鍵盤(pan))、電(dian)話(hua)鈴和電(dian)話(hua)回路。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話機(ji)具有將(jiang)終端的(de)(de)(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)(yin)波(bo)轉換為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子信(xin)號(hao)(hao),通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話線(xian)(xian)傳送(song)(song)到遠距離的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang),同時將(jiang)對(dui)(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)傳送(song)(song)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子信(xin)號(hao)(hao)再生為(wei)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(音(yin)(yin)(yin)波(bo)),使其(qi)通(tong)話的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng),以及發(fa)送(song)(song)可從多個對(dui)(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)中選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)(撥號(hao)(hao)脈(mo)沖),告知(zhi)對(dui)(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)呼叫(jiao)音(yin)(yin)(yin)等(deng)功能(neng)(neng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話機(ji)由將(jiang)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)轉換為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)發(fa)送(song)(song)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)送(song)(song)話機(ji)、將(jiang)對(dui)(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)傳送(song)(song)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)還原為(wei)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)話機(ji)、呼叫(jiao)對(dui)(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)撥號(hao)(hao)或(huo)按鈕、發(fa)送(song)(song)呼叫(jiao)音(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鈴(ling)聲(sheng)、將(jiang)這(zhe)些連接(jie)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話線(xian)(xian)上執行其(qi)功能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)網等(deng)組成(cheng)(cheng)。送(song)(song)話機(ji)內有裝滿碳(tan)素(su)(su)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小箱子,其(qi)前方(fang)(fang)(fang)有薄(bo)硬鋁合(he)金振(zhen)動(dong)板。振(zhen)動(dong)板根據語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)振(zhen)動(dong),振(zhen)動(dong)碳(tan)素(su)(su)顆(ke)粒(li)(li),碳(tan)素(su)(su)顆(ke)粒(li)(li)傳導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),隨著顆(ke)粒(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸程(cheng)度,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻發(fa)生變化,生成(cheng)(cheng)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。受(shou)話機(ji)接(jie)受(shou)對(dui)(dui)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)后,在線(xian)(xian)圈上生成(cheng)(cheng)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁力(li),振(zhen)動(dong)鐵(tie)振(zhen)動(dong)板,發(fa)出(chu)聲(sheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)。
無線(xian)環(huan)路-無繩電話
電話子母機
數字無繩電話
模擬無繩電話
移動電話手機
小靈通(無線電話(hua))
隨著(zhu)IT技術的(de)不(bu)斷的(de)飛速發展(zhan),嵌入(ru)式(shi)終端(duan)設備(bei)的(de)處(chu)理能力越來(lai)越強(qiang),21世紀初出現了一種帶個人(ren)數據(ju)助理(PDA)的(de)電話機“智能電話”。
智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電話(hua)除了有完整的(de)(de)固定電話(hua)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)外(wai),通常(chang)還具有大容量的(de)(de)名(ming)片(pian)管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、來去電管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、防止電話(hua)騷擾(電話(hua)防火(huo)墻)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、企業集(ji)團電話(hua)名(ming)片(pian)(內部名(ming)片(pian))管理(li)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng),以及輔助辦公(gong)的(de)(de)許多功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng),比如:日(ri)程安排、便箋、日(ri)歷、計(ji)算器等功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。早期的(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電話(hua)通過撥號上網,具有一定的(de)(de)信息(xi)交換能(neng)(neng)(neng)力,實現了發送短信、接(jie)收文(wen)字(zi)信息(xi)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。隨著(zhu)固網智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電話(hua)在(zai)中國近十年的(de)(de)發展,其處(chu)理(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力加(jia)強,逐漸地增加(jia)了智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)手(shou)機(ji)(Smartphone)具有的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。
智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)已有(you)通過因特網(wang)上網(wang)的(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)及(ji)較強的(de)多(duo)媒的(de)體功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。可以進(jin)行網(wang)絡(luo)瀏覽、音視(shi)頻的(de)播(bo)放、具有(you)電(dian)子(zi)書、電(dian)子(zi)相框等(deng)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。同時智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)在(zai)輔助辦公、輔助營(ying)銷(xiao)、娛樂等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)也有(you)了(le)大大的(de)加強。在(zai)對傳統固定電(dian)話(hua)(hua)顛覆的(de)基礎上,實現了(le)更多(duo)的(de)商務功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)和PDA功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。
環(huan)境溫度:-10℃~40℃
相對濕(shi)度:45%~95%
大氣壓力:860~1060mbar
環境(jing)噪聲:≤60dB(A)
1、工作頻率:300~3400HZ
2、脈沖通斷比:1.6±0.2∶1
3、雙音頻撥號頻偏:≤±1.5%
4、雙(shuang)音(yin)頻信號電(dian)平(ping):①低(di)頻群:-9±3dB;②高頻群:-7±3dB;③頻率組(zu)合中高頻分量比(bi)低(di)頻分量高2±1dB
5、振(zhen)鈴聲級(ji):≥70dB(A)
6、電聲性能:
①在0公里時(shi),客(ke)觀(guan)發(fa)送參考當量≥+3;在3公里時(shi),客(ke)觀(guan)發(fa)送參考當量≤+15;在5公里時(shi),客(ke)觀(guan)發(fa)送參考當量≤+15。
②在(zai)0公(gong)(gong)里時,客觀(guan)接收(shou)(shou)參(can)考(kao)當(dang)量(liang)≥-5;在(zai)3公(gong)(gong)里時,客觀(guan)接收(shou)(shou)參(can)考(kao)當(dang)量(liang)≤+2;在(zai)5公(gong)(gong)里時,客觀(guan)接收(shou)(shou)摻考(kao)當(dang)量(liang)≤+2。
③在0公里時(shi),客(ke)觀(guan)側音參考(kao)當(dang)量(liang)≥+3;在3公里時(shi),客(ke)觀(guan)側音參考(kao)當(dang)量(liang)≥+10;在5公里時(shi),客(ke)觀(guan)側音參考(kao)當(dang)量(liang)≥+10。
高(gao)(gao)科技電(dian)話(hua)(hua)機的(de)(de)發展都是(shi)隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)無線通信的(de)(de)發達而形成的(de)(de)。電(dian)話(hua)(hua)機的(de)(de)發展趨(qu)勢(shi)經(jing)過Digital電(dian)話(hua)(hua)機和(he)PCS后發展到可(ke)以用衛星通信的(de)(de)IMT-200服(fu)(fu)務。IMT-200支持(chi)信息的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)速傳(chuan)送,Packet,畫像等(deng)多媒(mei)體的(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)務,將(jiang)來世界各個地方(fang)都可(ke)以使(shi)用所(suo)有聲音電(dian)話(hua)(hua),電(dian)報用戶直通電(dian)路,傳(chuan)呼(hu)和(he)電(dian)子(zi)郵件;隨(sui)(sui)著(zhu)電(dian)子(zi)郵件的(de)(de)普及,網絡也日益(yi)化,網絡電(dian)話(hua)(hua)已是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)阻擋的(de)(de)發展趨(qu)勢(shi)。現有的(de)(de)固定(ding)電(dian)話(hua)(hua),已經(jing)不(bu)能提供(gong)人(ren)們的(de)(de)需要(yao)了。未來的(de)(de)固定(ding)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)講裝備攝(she)像頭,帶有色彩的(de)(de)液晶顯示器,我們在接固定(ding)電(dian)話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)時(shi)候,都能夠看到雙方(fang)。