昌化雞血石產地在浙江省臨(lin)安市(shi)上溪鄉玉巖山,礦(kuang)洞分布(bu)在康山嶺一帶(dai)。
雞血石(shi)(shi)含有辰砂、(朱砂)、石(shi)(shi)英(ying)、方(fang)解石(shi)(shi)、輝銻礦(kuang)、地(di)開石(shi)(shi)、高嶺石(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)等礦(kuang)物,且(qie)大部(bu)分含硫化(hua)(hua)汞等多種成份的硫化(hua)(hua)物以及硅酸(suan)鹽(yan)礦(kuang)物。產地(di)不(bu)同,質(zhi)地(di)成分也不(bu)同,但都離不(bu)開硫化(hua)(hua)汞成分,也有‘氧化(hua)(hua)鐵’的橄(gan)欖石(shi)(shi)成分。
雞(ji)血(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi)由“地(di)(di)(di)(di)”和(he)“血(xue)(xue)”兩部組成(cheng)(cheng)。一般認(ren)為(wei)“血(xue)(xue)”的(de)礦物(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)分主要是(shi)(shi)辰砂。“地(di)(di)(di)(di)“的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分,如昌化雞(ji)血(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi),其“地(di)(di)(di)(di)”的(de)礦物(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)分以粘(zhan)土礦物(wu)中(zhong)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)開石(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)主,也含有(you)相當(dang)量的(de)高(gao)嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi),明(ming)礬石(shi)(shi)(shi)、埃洛石(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)英、黃(huang)鐵礦等。在早期,古代文人雅士及(ji)官(guan)僚(liao)就采(cai)用雞(ji)血(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi)制作印(yin)章(zhang),是(shi)(shi)極富盛名的(de)章(zhang)料(liao)(liao)奇石(shi)(shi)(shi)。巴林雞(ji)血(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi)主要是(shi)(shi)高(gao)嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)硬水鋁石(shi)(shi)(shi);而(er)其質地(di)(di)(di)(di)較為(wei)細(xi)膩的(de)黑(hei)凍雞(ji)血(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)芙蓉凍雞(ji)血(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)主要礦物(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)分為(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)開石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)辰砂;前些年(nian)在吉林某金(jin)礦之頂(ding)部發現有(you)近(jin)似“金(jin)頂(ding)紅”的(de)脈石(shi)(shi)(shi)英致密(mi)塊(kuai)體,其中(zhong)辰砂非常(chang)細(xi)小,質地(di)(di)(di)(di)堅(jian)硬細(xi)膩,也是(shi)(shi)硬地(di)(di)(di)(di)含辰砂石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao),當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)稱(cheng)朱(zhu)砂玉。
雞血石(shi)(shi)沒有(you)固定的(de)(de)形狀(zhuang),叫塊石(shi)(shi)狀(zhuang),它的(de)(de)色狀(zhuang)有(you)塊血、條血、梅花血、浮云(yun)血。
塊血:分(fen)布(bu)沒(mei)有(you)規律,東生—塊、西生一(yi)(yi)塊,有(you)的塊石表面(mian)(mian)有(you)一(yi)(yi)大塊紅(hong)色,而里面(mian)(mian)一(yi)(yi)點紅(hong)的都沒(mei)有(you);有(you)的恰(qia)(qia)恰(qia)(qia)相(xiang)反,所以(yi)購買(mai)雞血石毛料風險很(hen)大。
條血:分布有規律(lv)。
梅花血:象梅被開放(fang)一樣,整個石頭(tou)都是星星點。
浮(fu)云(yun)血(xue)(xue):它生在寬帶或條(tiao)帶的(de)間接處,即(ji)象(xiang)條(tiao)血(xue)(xue)又象(xiang)梅(mei)花血(xue)(xue),血(xue)(xue)形象(xiang)天(tian)上的(de)浮(fu)云(yun)一樣,故名(ming)。
雞血石(shi)為朱(zhu)砂(硫化汞)滲透到高嶺石(shi)中,地開石(shi)之中而緩慢形成,這樣兩者交融,共生一(yi)體的(de)(de)天(tian)然寶(bao)石(shi),在國內外是極(ji)為罕見的(de)(de)一(yi)種。也有的(de)(de)雞血石(shi)含有‘橄欖石(shi)’輝(hui)石(shi)凝(ning)結(jie)。
雞(ji)血(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)成(cheng)份(fen)(fen)是(shi)硫(liu)化汞(gong)(gong),石(shi)質則為(wei)地開石(shi)或(huo)高嶺石(shi),硬(ying)度為(wei)2—3度。石(shi)中時常帶有水銀斑及少量的(de)石(shi)英(ying)顆(ke)粒突(tu)起于石(shi)表面(mian)。雞(ji)血(xue)(xue)(xue)中除主要(yao)(yao)成(cheng)份(fen)(fen)為(wei)硫(liu)化汞(gong)(gong)外(wai)(wai),還含有少量的(de)致色(se)(se)元素鐵、鈦,它們是(shi)深色(se)(se)染(ran)劑,它的(de)含量多少是(shi)雞(ji)血(xue)(xue)(xue)呈現不同紅色(se)(se)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因,含量多則血(xue)(xue)(xue)色(se)(se)呈暗紅色(se)(se)。另外(wai)(wai),雞(ji)血(xue)(xue)(xue)石(shi)也(ye)含有不同的(de)感(gan)光元素硒、碲,這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)雞(ji)血(xue)(xue)(xue)在光照和(he)熱烤(kao)下退(tui)色(se)(se)或(huo)變色(se)(se)(呈現暗紅)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因。
雞(ji)血(xue)石按產地劃分可分為昌化雞(ji)血(xue)石、巴林雞(ji)血(xue)石和其他產地雞(ji)血(xue)石三大類。
巴林雞(ji)血(xue)石是指產于內蒙古巴林的雞(ji)血(xue)石。其“地(di)”細膩滋潤,透明度好,并以凍地(di)為主,幾乎(hu)沒有軟地(di)、剛地(di)、硬地(di),且不含砂釘,但血(xue)色淡薄嬌嫩,因而有“北(bei)地(di)”之稱。
昌化雞(ji)(ji)血石(shi)(shi)可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)凍地(di)(di)、軟(ruan)地(di)(di)、剛(gang)地(di)(di)和硬(ying)地(di)(di)四(si)大類。凍地(di)(di)雞(ji)(ji)血石(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)玻璃凍、羊脂凍、牛角(jiao)凍、桃花凍等,微透(tou)明或(huo)半透(tou)明,硬(ying)度(du)在(zai)2—3級。軟(ruan)地(di)(di)雞(ji)(ji)血石(shi)(shi)的(de)硬(ying)度(du)為(wei)(wei)2—4級,剛(gang)地(di)(di)雞(ji)(ji)血石(shi)(shi)是(shi)高嶺石(shi)(shi)、明礬石(shi)(shi)巖經后期硅(gui)(gui)化的(de)產物,硬(ying)度(du)在(zai)4—7級。硬(ying)地(di)(di)雞(ji)(ji)血石(shi)(shi)是(shi)成礦(kuang)過程(cheng)中(zhong)硅(gui)(gui)化作(zuo)用的(de)產物,地(di)(di)質學名為(wei)(wei)辰砂硅(gui)(gui)化凝灰巖或(huo)含辰砂硅(gui)(gui)質巖,主要成份SiO2,其硬(ying)度(du)大于(yu)7級。
昌化(hua)雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)石(shi)的(de)品質(zhi)是(shi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和地(di)。血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)色為鮮紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、正(zheng)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、深(shen)(shen)(shen)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、紫(zi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)等,雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)形狀有(you)塊紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、條(tiao)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、星(xing)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、霞紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)等,并(bing)能(neng)達(da)到鮮、凝、厚為佳,深(shen)(shen)(shen)沉有(you)厚度,深(shen)(shen)(shen)透石(shi)中(zhong),有(you)集(ji)結(jie)或斑布均(jun)衡為佳。血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)量少(shao)于(yu)10%者為一(yi)般,少(shao)于(yu)30%為中(zhong)檔,大于(yu)50%者為珍(zhen)品,70%以(yi)(yi)上者珍(zhen)貴難得。全紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)或六面(mian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)為極品。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)而通靈(ling)的(de)雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)石(shi)稱為“大紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)袍”,除(chu)了(le)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)色“雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)”以(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai),底色尚有(you)黑、白、黃、綠、藍、灰褐、紫(zi)、青等基本(ben)顏(yan)色,再加上濃淡深(shen)(shen)(shen)淺(qian)不(bu)一(yi)的(de)各種色彩(cai)相互融合(he),天然(ran)(ran)渾成,不(bu)須人(ren)工雕鑿,已構(gou)成一(yi)幅(fu)幅(fu)自然(ran)(ran)美麗(li)(li)的(de)圖(tu)案。黑白地(di)與雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)三色的(de)稱為“劉關(guan)張”,也是(shi)奇妙之(zhi)品,色彩(cai)奇麗(li)(li),變化(hua)萬千(qian)。除(chu)此之(zhi)外(wai)(wai),昌化(hua)雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)石(shi)石(shi)質(zhi)中(zhong),還具有(you)“細、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、潤、膩、溫、凝”之(zhi)六德。
桂林雞血石(shi)顏色(se)豐富,以(yi)(yi)紅色(se)為主,兼(jian)備了和田玉(yu)的白(bai)、翡(fei)翠的綠(lv),另一方面雞血石(shi)以(yi)(yi)紅為上,紅色(se)越鮮明越有收(shou)藏(zang)價值。
根(gen)據雞血石的血色和質地可(ke)分(fen)為:大(da)紅袍、玻璃(li)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、田黃凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、羊脂(zhi)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、牛角凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、朱砂凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、藕粉(fen)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、五(wu)彩凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、桃(tao)紅凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、豆青凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、瑪(ma)瑙凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、木紋凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、魚腦凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、魚子凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、蛇皮凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、雪花凍(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等。