花葉(xie)開(kai)唇蘭:生于闊葉(xie)林下陰(yin)濕處。分(fen)布于西南(nan)及浙江(jiang)、福建、廣(guang)東、海(hai)南(nan)、廣(guang)西等地(di)。
金線蘭:生于海拔200-1400m的常綠闊葉(xie)林或竹林下枯枝落(luo)葉(xie)陰濕(shi)處。分布于福(fu)建、臺灣等地。
花(hua)葉(xie)開唇(chun)蘭:陸(lu)生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu),高(gao)10-18cm。根莖(jing)匍匐,伸長(chang)。葉(xie)互生(sheng),莖(jing)下部具2-4葉(xie);葉(xie)柄長(chang)4-10mm,基部擴展抱莖(jing);基部呈鞘狀(zhuang)(zhuang);葉(xie)片(pian)卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)1.5-3.5cm,寬1-3cm,先(xian)端(duan)急尖(jian),基部圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),上面黑紫(zi)色(se)有金(jin)黃色(se)脈(mo)網(wang),下面帶淡(dan)紫(zi)紅色(se),弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)脈(mo)5-7條。總狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)序(xu),疏生(sheng)2-6朵花(hua),花(hua)序(xu)軸被(bei)柔(rou)毛;花(hua)苞片(pian)卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),淡(dan)紫(zi)色(se),長(chang)6-8mm,約為子(zi)房長(chang)的2/3,先(xian)端(duan)尾(wei)尖(jian);花(hua)淡(dan)紫(zi)色(se),外面被(bei)短柔(rou)毛;中萼(e)片(pian)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),向內凹(ao)陷,長(chang)6mm,先(xian)端(duan)鈍;側(ce)萼(e)片(pian)長(chang)圓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),稍(shao)偏斜(xie),較長(chang)而稍(shao)狹(xia),先(xian)端(duan)稍(shao)尖(jian),花(hua)瓣近(jin)鐮(lian)刀(dao)形(xing)(xing)(xing),短于萼(e)片(pian)并和(he)中萼(e)片(pian)靠合成兜;唇(chun)瓣2裂,呈“丫”字形(xing)(xing)(xing),裂片(pian)舌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)條形(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)鈍,長(chang)約6mm,寬1.5mm,爪長(chang)5mm,兩側(ce)各具6條流(liu)蘇狀(zhuang)(zhuang)細條,基部具距,距長(chang)6-7mm,末端(duan)指(zhi)向唇(chun)瓣,中部生(sheng)有胼胝體。花(hua)期9-10月(yue)。
金線(xian)蘭:陸生(sheng)植(zhi)物,高4-10cm。根莖匍匐,長(chang)達4-5cm。葉(xie)(xie)互生(sheng),具(ju)(ju)(ju)柄,基(ji)部(bu)擴展抱莖;葉(xie)(xie)片卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)2-5cm,寬1-3cm,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)急(ji)尖,基(ji)部(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)(mian)有(you)細小鱗片狀(zhuang)(zhuang)脈(mo)網,有(you)光澤,下面(mian)(mian)暗紅(hong)色。弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)脈(mo)5-7條,幼(you)葉(xie)(xie)葉(xie)(xie)脈(mo)為金黃色,老(lao)葉(xie)(xie)葉(xie)(xie)脈(mo)呈橙紅(hong)色。總(zong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序(xu),具(ju)(ju)(ju)2-3朵花(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)苞片卵(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)約(yue)1cm;花(hua)(hua)淡紅(hong)色,中萼(e)(e)片圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)急(ji)尖,外(wai)面(mian)(mian)被長(chang)硬(ying)(ying)毛(mao),內面(mian)(mian)無毛(mao),極(ji)凹,與花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)粘合成盔,長(chang)7mm;側萼(e)(e)片卵(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),極(ji)偏(pian)斜,長(chang)8mm,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)急(ji)尖,外(wai)面(mian)(mian)被長(chang)硬(ying)(ying)毛(mao),內面(mian)(mian)無毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)半卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),極(ji)偏(pian)斜,長(chang)9mm,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)急(ji)尖;唇瓣(ban)深2裂,呈“丫”字形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),裂片狹長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)鈍,長(chang)約(yue)5mm,寬0.3mm,爪長(chang)5-6mm,兩側具(ju)(ju)(ju)流蘇狀(zhuang)(zhuang)細條,距長(chang)約(yue)4mm,基(ji)部(bu)前方生(sheng)有(you)2個胼(pian)胝體。花(hua)(hua)期8-9月(yue),果期9-10月(yue)。
藥理研究顯示有保肝、抗(kang)炎,鎮(zhen)痛和鎮(zhen)靜等(deng)作用。
現代研究
現(xian)代臨床用于治療肺結(jie)(jie)核咯(ge)(ge)血,糖尿(niao)病(bing),支氣(qi)管擴張(zhang)咯(ge)(ge)血,風(feng)濕病(bing),類風(feng)濕病(bing)和泌尿(niao)道結(jie)(jie)石等。
入肺(fei)、肝、腎、膀(bang)胱四經(jing)。
清(qing)熱涼血,除濕(shi)解(jie)毒。
肺熱咳嗽(sou),肺結(jie)核(he)咯血(xue),尿血(xue),小兒驚風,破傷(shang)(shang)風,腎炎(yan)水腫,風濕(shi)痹痛,跌打損傷(shang)(shang),毒蛇咬傷(shang)(shang)。
1.治風濕及類風濕性關節炎:金線蘭30g,同(tong)豬肉(切勿帶骨(gu))120g燉熟,沖(chong)入黃酒適量。每日服1-2次。分2d服完。(《全國中草藥匯編》)
2.治(zhi)小兒急驚(jing)風:金(jin)線蓮(lian)3-9g,八角蓮(lian)3g。水煎(jian)服。(《福建藥物志(zhi)》)
內服:煎湯,9-15g。外用:適量,鮮品搗敷。