禹州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)中原腹地,因帝(di)舜(shun)時大禹治水有(you)(you)功,冊封(feng)于(yu)(yu)此而得名,大禹之子啟(qi)在這里建立了中國(guo)第一個奴隸制王朝,故(gu)有(you)(you)華夏(xia)第一都之譽。戰國(guo)時期改為陽(yang)翟,金(jin)、元為鈞州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),明清后遂稱(cheng)為禹州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。素有(you)(you)“中華藥城(cheng)”之稱(cheng)的河南禹州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),是我(wo)國(guo)醫藥發祥地之一。禹州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)具(ju)有(you)(you)悠久的中藥材種植(zhi)、采集、加工(gong)(gong)歷史,以加工(gong)(gong)精良、遵古炮制著稱(cheng)于(yu)(yu)世。歷史上就有(you)(you)“藥不到禹州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)不香,醫不見藥王不妙”之說。
禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)處豫東平原(yuan)過渡地(di)(di)(di)帶,人(ren)(ren)口(kou)120萬,轄8鎮,14個(ge)(ge)鄉,4個(ge)(ge)辦事處。其(qi)地(di)(di)(di)勢西(xi)北面群山(shan)環(huan)繞,崗巒(luan)起伏,礦藏資源豐富,東南側百里平原(yuan),一(yi)望無跡。盛產(chan)動、植、礦物(wu)藥(yao)材1084種(zhong),蘊藏量1200萬公斤。其(qi)中:國家(jia)(jia)重點普查(cha)的(de)363個(ge)(ge)品(pin)種(zhong),禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)就有(you)147個(ge)(ge),占40%;全省統(tong)一(yi)普查(cha)的(de)351個(ge)(ge)品(pin)種(zhong),禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有(you)225個(ge)(ge),占64%。秦朝著(zhu)名商(shang)賈(jia)呂不(bu)(bu)韋靠販(fan)賣珠寶及瑪瑙、珊瑚、琥(hu)珀、珍珠等主要藥(yao)材起家(jia)(jia),最終登上秦朝相(xiang)位。唐朝藥(yao)王孫思邈曾(ceng)長(chang)期游居禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),行(xing)(xing)醫采藥(yao),著(zhu)書立說,死后,禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)民在(zai)西(xi)關購地(di)(di)(di)四畝,建“藥(yao)王閣(ge)”永久(jiu)紀(ji)念。宋仁宗年(nian)(nian)間,陽(yang)翟(zhai)古(gu)城寺(si)以(yi)東盛產(chan)白(bai)芷、南星(xing)、菊花、薏米等藥(yao)材,時任河南主薄的(de)著(zhu)名詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)梅堯(yao)臣游覽禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),正值春和景明,翅花盛開(kai)之際,不(bu)(bu)禁詩(shi)興大(da)發,遂作(zuo)詩(shi)一(yi)首:“云外陽(yang)翟(zhai)山(shan),實與(yu)嵩少(shao)接(jie),山(shan)中采藥(yao)人(ren)(ren),能自辨苗葉,當(dang)須刨其(qi)根,以(yi)道素所(suo)愜”。元(yuan)世祖(zu)至元(yuan)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1264年(nian)(nian)),禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)已成(cheng)為(wei)藥(yao)材匯(hui)集之區,填滿街市(shi),猶(you)如糞土,故農家(jia)(jia)深山(shan)大(da)壑采藥(yao)者往(wang)來不(bu)(bu)絕。明洪(hong)武元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1368年(nian)(nian)),朱元(yuan)璋(zhang)曾(ceng)詔令全國藥(yao)商(shang)來禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)集結,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)春、秋、冬三(san)個(ge)(ge)會(hui)期。“內而全國22省、外越西(xi)洋(yang)、南洋(yang)、東極高麗(li)、北際庫倫(lun),皆每(mei)車節(jie)轉而至,真可謂(wei)無街不(bu)(bu)藥(yao)行(xing)(xing),處處聞藥(yao)香”。長(chang)期的(de)藥(yao)材交易(yi),逐漸產(chan)生了(le)以(yi)經營(ying)類別或區域(yu)性質劃分(fen)(fen)的(de)藥(yao)行(xing)(xing)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、藥(yao)棚幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、甘草(cao)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、黨參(can)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、江西(xi)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、山(shan)西(xi)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、陜西(xi)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、祁(qi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、商(shang)城幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、亳州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)、金(jin)陵(ling)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)等18個(ge)(ge)幫(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)會(hui)組(zu)織,繼(ji)而形成(cheng)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)獨特的(de)中藥(yao)文化。明代(dai)(dai)周定王朱木蕭到禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)考察采集標本(ben),于(yu)1406年(nian)(nian)撰寫(xie)的(de)《救荒本(ben)草(cao)》共列可救荒植物(wu)414種(zhong)。著(zhu)有(you)《普濟方(fang)》168卷,收載醫方(fang)61709個(ge)(ge),為(wei)歷代(dai)(dai)醫方(fang)之最,在(zai)劇(ju)毒(du)藥(yao)材處理上,采取吸附分(fen)(fen)離技術等都具有(you)極高的(de)科學價值。清代(dai)(dai)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)“保光清涼散”、“九(jiu)天阿膠”相(xiang)繼(ji)問世,行(xing)(xing)銷全國,頗享(xiang)盛譽。繼(ji)之開(kai)業的(de)名店藥(yao)堂趙隆(long)太,加工炮制的(de)“九(jiu)蒸九(jiu)制大(da)熟地(di)(di)(di)”于(yu)宣(xuan)統(tong)三(san)年(nian)(nian)在(zai)德國柏林(lin)舉辦的(de)“萬國博覽會(hui)”上參(can)展。
禹州的(de)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)種植歷史悠久,明(ming)嘉(jia)靖年間(jian),已(yi)種植名貴(gui)地道藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)45種,禹白芷、禹南星、禹白附已(yi)列入李(li)時珍(zhen)的(de)《本草(cao)綱目》。解放(fang)后,中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)有較(jiao)大發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),1969年全市出現200多個藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)種植村。1985年3月中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)交流大會重(zhong)新恢復(fu),推動了中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)種植業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。2000年落實(shi)種植面積5萬畝,年產(chan)(chan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)2500萬公斤,建立種植示范村78個,發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)種植示范戶2000個,連片示范田36個。
自春秋戰國(guo)以(yi)來,神醫(yi)(yi)(yi)扁鵲、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)圣張(zhang)仲景(jing)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王(wang)孫思邈等(deng)都曾(ceng)在禹行(xing)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、著書(shu)立(li)說。在他們(men)的(de)(de)直接影響(xiang)下,禹州(zhou)的(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)業(ye)也得到大(da)(da)的(de)(de)發(fa)展,從(cong)唐朝(chao)開始禹州(zhou)的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)逐步形(xing)成,伴隨(sui)著藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)業(ye)的(de)(de)進一(yi)(yi)步發(fa)展和繁榮,明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)時期,禹州(zhou)就成為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)四大(da)(da)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)集(ji)散(san)地之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。1996年(nian),禹州(zhou)被國(guo)家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)管(guan)理(li)局、衛生(sheng)部、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)工商(shang)行(xing)政管(guan)理(li)局定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)個中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang),河(he)南(nan)省唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)定(ding)(ding)點藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。二00一(yi)(yi)年(nian),禹州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)投(tou)資(zi)兩(liang)億元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)新建了(le)現(xian)(xian)今的(de)(de)河(he)南(nan)禹州(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(又稱中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)城(cheng))。該(gai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)家(jia)(jia)標準化(hua)(hua)、規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),也是(shi)河(he)南(nan)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級定(ding)(ding)點中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)城(cheng)占地面(mian)積四百(bai)(bai)(bai)余(yu)(yu)畝(mu),包括建筑面(mian)積兩(liang)萬三千(qian)(qian)平方米(mi)、可容納(na)兩(liang)千(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)個攤(tan)位(wei)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心交(jiao)易大(da)(da)廳,以(yi)及兩(liang)千(qian)(qian)余(yu)(yu)間(jian)(jian)三層(ceng)(ceng)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)經商(shang)樓,并附屬(shu)倉儲、銀行(xing)、飯(fan)店(dian)、停(ting)車場(chang)、娛樂場(chang)等(deng)各種(zhong)服務設施(shi),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)所集(ji)物流、信息、金融(rong)等(deng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)大(da)(da)型現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)經營(ying)品種(zhong)上(shang)(shang)千(qian)(qian)種(zhong),固定(ding)(ding)從(cong)業(ye)人(ren)員上(shang)(shang)萬人(ren),年(nian)交(jiao)易額達十(shi)(shi)億元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)。位(wei)于中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)城(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)心位(wei)置的(de)(de)交(jiao)易大(da)(da)廳,由(you)河(he)南(nan)宋(song)基投(tou)資(zi)公(gong)司獨資(zi)興建,禹州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)業(ye)管(guan)理(li)委員會實(shi)行(xing)統一(yi)(yi)管(guan)理(li),是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)城(cheng)的(de)(de)主要建筑設施(shi)。它占地三十(shi)(shi)畝(mu),分上(shang)(shang)下兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng),層(ceng)(ceng)高八(ba)米(mi)。主要采(cai)(cai)用柜臺陳列式經營(ying)。三平方米(mi)的(de)(de)攤(tan)位(wei)售價約為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)萬五千(qian)(qian)元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi),一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性付清的(de)(de)可獲(huo)贈交(jiao)易柜臺。租用該(gai)攤(tan)位(wei)的(de)(de)租金每年(nian)需兩(liang)千(qian)(qian)元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)左右(you)。對(dui)于購買(mai)交(jiao)易大(da)(da)廳攤(tan)位(wei)的(de)(de)買(mai)主,由(you)政府有(you)(you)關部門(men)辦(ban)理(li)權(quan)屬(shu)證明(ming)(ming),擁有(you)(you)對(dui)攤(tan)位(wei)的(de)(de)出讓權(quan)、出租權(quan)、繼承(cheng)權(quan)、抵押權(quan)。整個大(da)(da)廳寬敞(chang)、明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)、整潔、有(you)(you)序,是(shi)八(ba)方客商(shang)云集(ji)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)主要交(jiao)易場(chang)所。市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)內二間(jian)(jian)三層(ceng)(ceng)(其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)門(men)面(mian)房八(ba)十(shi)(shi)四平方,共計(ji)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)三十(shi)(shi)余(yu)(yu)平方)經商(shang)樓的(de)(de)年(nian)租金為(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)千(qian)(qian)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)至(zhi)八(ba)千(qian)(qian)元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi);三間(jian)(jian)三層(ceng)(ceng)(其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)門(men)面(mian)房一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)二十(shi)(shi)六(liu)平方,共計(ji)三百(bai)(bai)(bai)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)(yu)平方)的(de)(de)年(nian)租金為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)萬元(yuan)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)。
禹州(zhou)(zhou)是全國(guo)(guo)17家(jia)(jia)標(biao)準化、規范化的(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)之(zhi)一,也是河南唯一的(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。2001年(nian)(nian)底,擁(yong)有(you)藥(yao)商320家(jia)(jia),從業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員2000余人,上(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)品種(zhong)2600種(zhong),年(nian)(nian)成交額3億(yi)元。為進一步繁榮(rong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang),振興(xing)藥(yao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟騰飛,1998年(nian)(nian),禹州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)委(wei)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)政府決(jue)定(ding),進行中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)二期工程建(jian)設,用2年(nian)(nian)左右時間(jian)(jian),建(jian)成一座大型現(xian)代化的(de)“禹州(zhou)(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華藥(yao)城”。全部工程已經結(jie)束。該藥(yao)城占地300畝,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心交易大廳建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積2萬平方米,可容(rong)納攤位5000個,三層以上(shang)經商樓2000間(jian)(jian),抽入(ru)使用后,預計(ji)年(nian)(nian)交易額可達10億(yi)元。
為適應中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材市場發展(zhan)的(de)需要,中(zhong)華藥(yao)(yao)城(cheng)交(jiao)易(yi)大(da)廳正在(zai)重新改造和(he)定(ding)位。改造后的(de)交(jiao)易(yi)大(da)廳將設立河(he)南省唯一經國(guo)家授(shou)權(quan),按GSP標準經營中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)飲片的(de)法定(ding)場所。
禹州中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材市(shi)(shi)場(chang)擁有(you)全國各地(di)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)商六百多家(jia)。同時,在市(shi)(shi)場(chang)周(zhou)邊(bian)聚集著(zhu)許(xu)多內(nei)地(di)知名中成藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廠家(jia),市(shi)(shi)場(chang)經營的(de)(de)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材品種達上千種,以批發(fa)為主,兼顧零售,主要是現金(jin)交易。由于依(yi)托周(zhou)邊(bian)鄉鎮三十余(yu)萬畝的(de)(de)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材種植基地(di),中華藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)城的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材價廉物美,在國內(nei)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材市(shi)(shi)場(chang)上占有(you)重(zhong)要份額,頗受商家(jia)青睞。