芒果视频下载

地理環境

位置

山(shan)東南四湖省級自然(ran)保護(hu)區位于山(shan)東省濟寧市(shi)微(wei)山(shan)縣(xian)、任城區、魚臺縣(xian)境內。地理(li)坐標：34°27′一35°20'N，116°34'一117°E。

氣候

山東(dong)南四湖省級自然保護區屬(shu)暖溫帶(dai)季風大陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候，四季分明(ming)。年均降(jiang)雨(yu)且為773.6mm，年平(ping)均日照2515.5h，陸(lu)地年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫為13.8C，湖內(nei)年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫為14.3C。

水文

南四湖平均水深1.46m，歷史最高水位(wei)36.48m，最大蓄水面(mian)積12.66平方千(qian)米(mi)，最大蓄水量(liang)為53億立方米(mi)，流域(yu)跨越山東(dong)、江蘇、河(he)南、安徽4個省32個縣 (市)，總流域(yu)面(mian)積317萬公(gong)頃，入(ru)湖河(he)道(dao)共有(you)53條，出湖水道(dao)主要有(you)3條。  

南四湖屬中國(guo)準(zhun)河以北地區面積(ji)最大(da)(da)(da)，結構完整，保(bao)存較(jiao)好的內陸(lu)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)淡(dan)(dan)水(shui)草型(xing)湖泊，占山(shan)東省淡(dan)(dan)水(shui)面積(ji)的47%，是中國(guo)十大(da)(da)(da)淡(dan)(dan)水(shui)湖泊之一。

歷史沿革

1982年，微山縣政府批準成立為(wei)縣級南四湖(hu)保護(hu)區。

1996年，濟寧市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府又將南四湖確(que)立(li)為市(shi)(shi)級自然保護(hu)區。

2003年(nian)，山東省(sheng)政府批(pi)準成為省(sheng)級(ji)自然保護區。

榮譽及其他

保護目標

植物資源

山東南四湖省(sheng)級自然保(bao)護區自然環境(jing)獨特(te)、生物(wu)(wu)資源多樣，有各種(zhong)(zhong)植物(wu)(wu)195種(zhong)(zhong)，其中楊(yang)、柳、泡桐(tong)等48種(zhong)(zhong)，蘆葦、簏草(cao)等水生植物(wu)(wu)147種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)級保(bao)護植物(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong)，在《瀕(bin)危(wei)野生動植物(wu)(wu)國(guo)際貿易公(gong)約》中受保(bao)護的有30種(zhong)(zhong)。

動物資源

山東(dong)南(nan)四湖(hu)省級自(zi)然保護區有(you)(you)各種(zhong)脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)321種(zhong)。其中：魚類(lei)80種(zhong)、兩棲類(lei)7種(zhong)、爬(pa)行類(lei)11種(zhong)、鳥類(lei)205種(zhong)、獸類(lei)18種(zhong)。脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中有(you)(you)國(guo)家Ⅰ級保護動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)大鴇、東(dong)方白鸛2種(zhong)，國(guo)家Ⅱ級保護動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)大天鵝、鴛(yuan)鴦、長(chang)耳鸮等24種(zhong)，山東(dong)省重點保護動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)35種(zhong)。在(zai)《瀕危野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公約(yue)》中受保護的野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)31種(zhong)。另外，保護區內(nei)無脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中有(you)(you)浮游動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)248種(zhong)、底棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)68種(zhong)、昆(kun)蟲415種(zhong)。豐富的動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源是南(nan)四湖(hu)濕地生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性(xing)、典(dian)型(xing)性(xing)的重要體現。

山東南四湖省級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)中，分別(bie)隸屬(shu)于9目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)16科53屬(shu)。其(qi)(qi)中，鯉科魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數最多，達55種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)68.7 %；其(qi)(qi)次是鲿(chang)科5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)6.2 %；鰍科、鮨(qi)科各3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分別(bie)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.8%；其(qi)(qi)它各類(lei)(lei)共14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)17.5%。兩棲類(lei)(lei)1目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)4科7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)優(you)勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)蟾(chan)蜍科的(de)(de)中華(hua)大(da)蟾(chan)蜍、花(hua)背蟾(chan)蜍以及(ji)蛙科的(de)(de)黑(hei)斑蛙。爬行類(lei)(lei)有3目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)5科11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)見種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)烏龜為(wei)山東省重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物，無蹼壁虎為(wei)中國特有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)。205種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（其(qi)(qi)中水禽81種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)隸屬(shu)于17目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、53科。其(qi)(qi)中留鳥(niao)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)17.1%；夏候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)23.9%；冬候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)12.2%；旅(lv)鳥(niao)96種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)46.8%；廣(guang)布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有180種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)87.8%；古(gu)北種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)6.8%；東洋(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.4%。獸類(lei)(lei)有5目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)9科18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)黃鼬、艾鼬、狗獾、豹貓、赤狐為(wei)山東省重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物。

以上數據截至2013年

管理措施

①1982年(nian)建立(li)(li)縣級自然(ran)保護區。]996年(nian)建立(li)(li)市(shi)級自然(ran)保護區，2003年(nian)建立(li)(li)省級自然(ran)保護區;。

②2004年(nian)成立(li)“濟寧市南四湖自然保護區管理(li)局”。

③2005年濟寧市(shi)政府出臺了(le)《濟寧市(shi)南四(si)湖自然保(bao)護區(qu)管(guan)(guan)理辦法》、成(cheng)立(li)了(le)以市(shi)長為主(zhu)任委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)的“濟寧市(shi)南四(si)湖自然保(bao)護區(qu)管(guan)(guan)理委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)會。

④2005年一2006年在(zai)自然保護區實(shi)驗區和(he)核心區分界處(chu)安裝了570多個界樁(zhuang)，界牌和(he)浮標。

⑤2010年(nian)，市編(bian)委核定管理(li)局編(bian)制15名，并(bing)加(jia)掛“濟(ji)寧市濕地保(bao)護管理(li)中心牌子(zi)”。

⑥積極開(kai)展國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區申報晉升工作(zuo)。編制完成(cheng)了山(shan)東(dong)南四湖自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區綜合科學(xue)考察報告(gao)、總體規劃(hua)。

⑦積(ji)極申(shen)報(bao)(bao)濕地恢復(fu)工程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)。經(jing)過積(ji)極努力，我們申(shen)報(bao)(bao)的“山東(dong)南四湖濕地保護與恢復(fu)示范工程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)可行(xing)性(xing)研究(jiu)報(bao)(bao)告”已經(jing)國家(jia)林業局批(pi)復(fu)，總投(tou)資1433萬元，項目(mu)第一期投(tou)資資金已撥(bo)付到位；大力開展退耕、退池還林、還濕、還湖工程(cheng)(cheng)。

⑧微山縣成立湖上(shang)執法隊伍，負責保護區巡護工(gong)作(zuo)和檢(jian)查(cha)。

⑨開展宣傳教(jiao)育活動，設置(zhi)宣傳牌并(bing)經常(chang)利(li)用當地(di)廣播、報刊、電視等宣傳保護水禽和濕地(di)的重要(yao)性(xing)。

生態價值

南(nan)四湖(hu)濕地(di)生(sheng)態系統典型(xing)，生(sheng)物多樣性豐(feng)富(fu)，自然景觀獨特，具有(you)很高的保護價值(zhi)和科研(yan)價值(zhi)；南(nan)四湖(hu)是重(zhong)要的水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源調(diao)蓄地(di)，是鳥類重(zhong)要的棲息地(di)和遷徙驛站，同時也(ye)是國家南(nan)水(shui)(shui)北調(diao)東(dong)線工程的重(zhong)要調(diao)水(shui)(shui)區。