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簡介

甘(gan)肅酒(jiu)(jiu)泉風(feng)電(dian)基地是指位于(yu)甘(gan)肅省酒(jiu)(jiu)泉市的(de)千萬千瓦風(feng)電(dian)基地。甘(gan)肅酒(jiu)(jiu)泉風(feng)電(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)既不同于(yu)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)現有(you)的(de)風(feng)電(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，也不同于(yu)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)現有(you)的(de)風(feng)電(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。改革(ge)開放30年來，隨(sui)著(zhu)中國(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)高(gao)速(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，能(neng)源需求也在快速(su)增(zeng)加。世界新增(zeng)能(neng)源需求的(de)40%以上來自(zi)中國(guo)(guo)，中國(guo)(guo)已經(jing)成為僅次(ci)于(yu)美國(guo)(guo)的(de)全世界第二(er)大能(neng)源消費國(guo)(guo)。到2007年，國(guo)(guo)內(nei)石油需求的(de)一半依靠進(jin)口(kou)，煤炭也由(you)傳統(tong)出口(kou)產(chan)品轉(zhuan)變為凈(jing)進(jin)口(kou)。

中(zhong)(zhong)國能(neng)(neng)源消費結構(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)，煤炭(tan)、石油(you)和天然氣等(deng)化石能(neng)(neng)源占主導地位。盡管近年(nian)來中(zhong)(zhong)國化石能(neng)(neng)源消費所占的比重呈現下降趨勢，但2007年(nian)煤炭(tan)在能(neng)(neng)源消費總量(liang)的比重仍然高達69.4%，是(shi)世界(jie)主要(yao)經濟(ji)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)煤炭(tan)消費比重最高的國家。能(neng)(neng)源需求的快速增長和以(yi)煤炭(tan)為主的能(neng)(neng)源結構(gou)，決定了中(zhong)(zhong)國污(wu)染物排放等(deng)主要(yao)環保指標居高不(bu)下。

2007年化(hua)石能(neng)源消費占(zhan)能(neng)源總量的92.8%，包括水電、核(he)電和風(feng)電在(zai)內(nei)的其他(ta)能(neng)源消費所占(zhan)比(bi)重(zhong)僅(jin)為7.2%，其中除了水電以外的其他(ta)可再生能(neng)源所占(zhan)比(bi)重(zhong)非常低。

在所有(you)可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源中，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)技術(shu)最(zui)(zui)成熟，目前(qian)具備(bei)(bei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)條件的(de)(de)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目基本已(yi)(yi)經開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)、正(zheng)在開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)或準備(bei)(bei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)。風電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)除了(le)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)以外開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)技術(shu)最(zui)(zui)成熟、開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)成本最(zui)(zui)低的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源，是(shi)(shi)未來最(zui)(zui)具有(you)大規(gui)模開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)價(jia)值的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源。隨(sui)著全世界化石能(neng)源價(jia)格的(de)(de)上漲(zhang)，風力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本已(yi)(yi)經與核電(dian)(dian)(dian)相(xiang)當，與傳統火電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本接(jie)近(jin)，遠(yuan)低于生(sheng)(sheng)物質、太陽能(neng)等(deng)其他可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本。近(jin)年來隨(sui)著風電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)制造水平的(de)(de)提(ti)高，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)建設成本大幅度降(jiang)低，大規(gui)模開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)規(gui)模效益也進一步降(jiang)低了(le)風力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本。正(zheng)因為以上原因，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)(shi)國家可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源替代戰略的(de)(de)必然選擇(ze)。甘肅酒泉以其豐富的(de)(de)風力(li)(li)資(zi)源和大規(gui)模開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)優(you)勢，成為中國千萬千瓦(wa)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)的(de)(de)歷(li)史性選擇(ze)。

國內外風電發展的特點

歐美風電發展的特點

歐洲、美國(guo)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)發展(zhan)較(jiao)早，占系統(tong)總裝(zhuang)機的(de)比例較(jiao)大(da)(da)，但(dan)其陸上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多(duo)為(wei)小型風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場，靠近(jin)負荷中心，主(zhu)要(yao)采取(qu)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)小規模(mo)(mo)開發，分(fen)散接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)低壓(ya)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，這種就地(di)消納(na)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)影響(xiang)較(jiao)小。近(jin)年來(lai)開始(shi)發展(zhan)的(de)海上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規模(mo)(mo)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，大(da)(da)多(duo)采用高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)集中接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)的(de)送出模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，但(dan)其建設(she)規模(mo)(mo)是以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)受能力為(wei)控制條件，單個海上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規模(mo)(mo)不太大(da)(da)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)并網(wang)點(dian)相對分(fen)散，這種分(fen)散接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)、就地(di)平(ping)衡后(hou)送出的(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入(ru)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)影響(xiang)也不大(da)(da)。

歐(ou)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)家電(dian)網結構較(jiao)(jiao)堅強(qiang)，吸納風(feng)(feng)電(dian)的(de)(de)能力強(qiang)，風(feng)(feng)電(dian)發展較(jiao)(jiao)快(kuai)的(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)大多(duo)位于(yu)電(dian)網的(de)(de)中(zhong)部，因(yin)此(ci)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)集中(zhong)接(jie)入對(dui)電(dian)網的(de)(de)總體(ti)影(ying)響(xiang)相對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)。另外歐(ou)洲、美(mei)(mei)國(guo)在風(feng)(feng)電(dian)的(de)(de)發展過程(cheng)中(zhong)已(yi)經建(jian)立了較(jiao)(jiao)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)系，風(feng)(feng)電(dian)場規劃、建(jian)設(she)、運(yun)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度較(jiao)(jiao)健(jian)全(quan)，風(feng)(feng)電(dian)設(she)備制(zhi)造技術水平較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，風(feng)(feng)電(dian)場運(yun)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)經驗(yan)豐(feng)富，風(feng)(feng)電(dian)場并(bing)網規程(cheng)規范管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)辦法較(jiao)(jiao)齊全(quan)，因(yin)此(ci)歐(ou)美(mei)(mei)地(di)區(qu)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)對(dui)電(dian)網的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)。

歐(ou)美通過政府制(zhi)定(ding)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)、法(fa)(fa)規和相關政策，引導(dao)企業(ye)按照市場需(xu)求為(wei)導(dao)向的發展(zhan)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)發展(zhan)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)發展(zhan)以靠近(jin)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷中心、小規模(mo)(mo)、多(duo)業(ye)主、高度分散為(wei)其主要發展(zhan)形式(shi)。

中國風電發展的特點

中國風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)資源(yuan)豐富的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)大(da)(da)(da)多遠(yuan)離(li)負荷(he)中心(xin)(xin)，當地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網結構薄(bo)弱(ruo)，吸(xi)納(na)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)能力(li)弱(ruo)，并且(qie)大(da)(da)(da)多采(cai)用(yong)大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)集中開發的(de)建設模(mo)(mo)式，單(dan)個(ge)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)或(huo)需要集中送出(chu)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)總(zong)裝機容(rong)量規(gui)模(mo)(mo)越(yue)來越(yue)大(da)(da)(da)，接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網系(xi)統的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級越(yue)來越(yue)高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量送出(chu)的(de)距(ju)離(li)越(yue)來越(yue)遠(yuan)，因此雖(sui)然風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)占系(xi)統總(zong)裝機容(rong)量的(de)比重(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，但由于風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)，遠(yuan)離(li)負荷(he)中心(xin)(xin)，尤其是千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦、百萬千(qian)瓦級巨型風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)多位于電(dian)(dian)(dian)網末(mo)端，風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)并網及電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)送出(chu)矛盾極其突出(chu)。

另外(wai)風電(dian)設備制(zhi)造技(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)較低，風電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)程規(gui)范欠缺，管理制(zhi)度不完善，因(yin)此中國風電(dian)快速(su)發展已經對電(dian)網運行造成(cheng)了巨大的影(ying)響。

中(zhong)國政府制定扶持(chi)風電(dian)發展(zhan)的法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)、相(xiang)關(guan)政策(ce)、規(gui)定和(he)管(guan)理辦(ban)法(fa)，通過特許權招(zhao)標(biao)、核準(zhun)等(deng)形式(shi)實現風電(dian)發展(zhan)的宏觀調控；政府主導風電(dian)以資源開發為(wei)主導的發展(zhan)模式(shi)，遠距離、大規(gui)模、少業主、高度(du)集中(zhong)成為(wei)中(zhong)國風電(dian)發展(zhan)的主要形式(shi)。

甘肅酒泉千萬千瓦風電基地的主要特點

甘肅省(sheng)是全國風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能資(zi)(zi)源較豐富的(de)省(sheng)區(qu)之一(yi)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能資(zi)(zi)源理論(lun)儲(chu)量為237GW，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能總儲(chu)量居全國第(di)五位。甘肅省(sheng)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能資(zi)(zi)源主(zhu)要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)酒(jiu)泉(quan)地(di)區(qu)，酒(jiu)泉(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電基地(di)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能開發(fa)利用主(zhu)要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)玉門、瓜州、馬鬃山3個(ge)區(qu)域(yu)內。這3個(ge)區(qu)域(yu)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)主(zhu)要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)4.0～12.0m/s，年平均風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)5.0～6.5m/s，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能密度均超過150W/m2。

截至2008年(nian)年(nian)底，甘肅酒泉地(di)區(qu)已投(tou)產發電的風電裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)(liang)已達到508.6MW，其(qi)中瓜州地(di)區(qu)裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)(liang)300MW，玉門地(di)區(qu)裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)(liang)208.6MW。甘肅酒泉風電基地(di)2010年(nian)年(nian)底計劃建(jian)成裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)(liang)為5160MW的風電項目，2015年(nian)前(qian)投(tou)產12710MW的風電項目，2020年(nian)增加到20000MW以上，2020年(nian)以后(hou)為30000MW：因(yin)此裝(zhuang)機規(gui)模(mo)巨大是甘肅酒泉風電基地(di)基本特點。

玉門風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)群(qun)距(ju)離(li)(li)蘭州(zhou)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)的平(ping)均(jun)距(ju)離(li)(li)約(yue)為900km，瓜州(zhou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)群(qun)距(ju)離(li)(li)蘭州(zhou)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)的平(ping)均(jun)距(ju)離(li)(li)約(yue)為1000km，馬鬃山風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)群(qun)距(ju)離(li)(li)蘭州(zhou)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)的平(ping)均(jun)距(ju)離(li)(li)約(yue)為1100km，整個(ge)酒泉(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)群(qun)距(ju)離(li)(li)蘭州(zhou)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)的平(ping)均(jun)距(ju)離(li)(li)約(yue)為1000km。如(ru)果考(kao)慮在西北區域內消納風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)，距(ju)離(li)(li)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)的平(ping)均(jun)距(ju)離(li)(li)更遠，距(ju)離(li)(li)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)1000km以上(shang)是(shi)目前已知的距(ju)離(li)(li)最(zui)(zui)遠的風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)場(chang)。考(kao)慮2015年(nian)12710MW風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)必須在全國(guo)電(dian)力市場(chang)消納，其(qi)距(ju)離(li)(li)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)的距(ju)離(li)(li)更遠，因此距(ju)離(li)(li)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)最(zui)(zui)遠、輸電(dian)線路最(zui)(zui)長是(shi)甘肅酒泉(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)基地的基本(ben)特點。

為了滿足風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)送出需(xu)要(yao)(yao)，甘(gan)肅酒(jiu)泉(quan)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)地(di)所有風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)要(yao)(yao)直(zhi)接或(huo)間接通過750kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)級接入(ru)系統(tong)，考慮2015年12710MW風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)必須(xu)在全國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場消(xiao)納(na)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)建(jian)設(she)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)級更高(gao)的(de)特高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)流輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工程。甘(gan)肅酒(jiu)泉(quan)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)地(di)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接入(ru)系統(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)級世界(jie)最高(gao)，送出工程建(jian)設(she)規(gui)模和(he)投資世界(jie)最大(da)。

酒泉千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦級風(feng)電基地超大(da)規(gui)模集中(zhong)開(kai)發(fa)、超遠距離輸電的開(kai)發(fa)模式，突破了國內外現有(you)的風(feng)電發(fa)展理論(lun)，創新(xin)了風(feng)電發(fa)展理念，為世(shi)界(jie)風(feng)電發(fa)展提供了一種全新(xin)的選擇機遇。

甘肅酒泉千萬千瓦風電基地面臨的挑戰

由于風(feng)電(dian)(dian)難以起到常規(gui)電(dian)(dian)源在(zai)電(dian)(dian)力系統中調峰、調頻、調壓(ya)和備(bei)用(yong)等方面的作用(yong)，而(er)且存在(zai)一(yi)些影響電(dian)(dian)力系統安全穩定經濟運(yun)行的因素(su)，因此風(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)與常規(gui)電(dian)(dian)源相比，差(cha)異(yi)巨大(da)。酒泉大(da)規(gui)模風(feng)電(dian)(dian)，除了具有常規(gui)風(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的共性問題以外，還(huan)存在(zai)許多特殊的個(ge)性問題。

輸送能力

甘肅河西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路全(quan)長(chang)約為1000km，是目前國(guo)內輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離最長(chang)、串聯變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所最多的(de)330kV線路，受到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)結(jie)構的(de)限制，輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力(li)較弱。正常(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)運行方(fang)式下，河西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東送的(de)能力(li)僅為700MW左(zuo)右，不僅無法滿足(zu)(zu)酒(jiu)泉陸(lu)上“三峽”風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)地(di)的(de)送出(chu)需要(yao)，考慮到(dao)張(zhang)掖(ye)黑河等水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)占用一(yi)部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)送出(chu)能力(li)以后，無法滿足(zu)(zu)現有的(de)500MW左(zuo)右的(de)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)送出(chu)需要(yao)。

甘(gan)肅省電(dian)(dian)(dian)力公司根據酒(jiu)泉(quan)陸上“三峽”風電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建設(she)需要，快(kuai)速啟動了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)年度建設(she)計劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)工(gong)作(zuo)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)滿(man)足(zu)2010年年底計劃(hua)建成投(tou)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5160MW風電(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，計劃(hua)投(tou)資120億元左右(you)建設(she)河(he)西(xi)750kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。但(dan)經過分(fen)(fen)析(xi)計算常規(gui)河(he)西(xi)750kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)西(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)東送的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力僅(jin)(jin)為(wei)(wei)1800MW左右(you)，不(bu)僅(jin)(jin)無(wu)法滿(man)足(zu)酒(jiu)泉(quan)陸上“三峽”風電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)送出需要，不(bu)考(kao)慮張(zhang)掖黑河(he)等水電(dian)(dian)(dian)占用一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)送出能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，也(ye)(ye)無(wu)法滿(man)足(zu)已經核準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5160MW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)送出需要。為(wei)(wei)此甘(gan)肅省電(dian)(dian)(dian)力公司與(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)內(nei)有(you)關研究(jiu)院所合作(zuo)，開展了(le)深(shen)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)，采(cai)取(qu)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)最(zui)先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)750kV串補和(he)世界沒(mei)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)750kV可控高抗(kang)等多項(xiang)最(zui)先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術措施，同時通過750kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)新疆聯網(wang)(wang)，以提(ti)高系統穩定水平(ping)和(he)輸送能力，但(dan)也(ye)(ye)無(wu)法滿(man)足(zu)5160MW風電(dian)(dian)(dian)送出。

2015年12710MW以及2020年增加(jia)到20000MW以上裝機容(rong)量的(de)風(feng)電項目，即使不考慮電力電量能(neng)否在(zai)甘肅電網消納(na)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)，依(yi)靠常規的(de)交流(liu)電，在(zai)目前技(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)下難以將電力電量送(song)到甘肅主網，風(feng)電送(song)出(chu)(chu)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)矛盾極其(qi)突出(chu)(chu)，必須依(yi)靠采取全世(shi)界最(zui)先進的(de)特高壓直(zhi)流(liu)輸電技(ji)術(shu)，才有可能(neng)解(jie)決(jue)2015年以后(hou)的(de)風(feng)電送(song)出(chu)(chu)問(wen)題(ti)。

調頻調峰

發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)、供電(dian)(dian)和用(yong)電(dian)(dian)必須(xu)(xu)(xu)同(tong)時(shi)完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)，決(jue)定(ding)(ding)了整個電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷必須(xu)(xu)(xu)隨(sui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化而(er)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化，總(zong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷適(shi)應總(zong)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化同(tong)步(bu)調(diao)(diao)整，要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統內必須(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)部分發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組承擔隨(sui)著用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化而(er)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)整能力(li)(li)，即發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)能力(li)(li)；由(you)于風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)“風(feng)(feng)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)歇性(xing)、波動(dong)性(xing)、隨(sui)機性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)，決(jue)定(ding)(ding)了風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷難以保持穩定(ding)(ding)，更不可能與用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷同(tong)步(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化，為了滿足發(fa)(fa)供用(yong)同(tong)時(shi)完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統基(ji)本要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，必須(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)其他電(dian)(dian)源承擔起適(shi)應風(feng)(feng)力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)而(er)相應反向變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷調(diao)(diao)整能力(li)(li)：因此(ci)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統除了要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)滿足正常負(fu)荷變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)能力(li)(li)以外，還必須(xu)(xu)(xu)滿足適(shi)應風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)隨(sui)機性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)能力(li)(li)。

小(xiao)規(gui)模(mo)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)占整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)比例較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，對于(yu)系統(tong)(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)相對較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，但(dan)為(wei)(wei)了(le)滿足(zu)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)底計劃建成(cheng)投產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5160MW風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)需要(yao)，對于(yu)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)最大(da)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷僅有(you)8030MW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甘(gan)肅(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)是(shi)一(yi)項嚴峻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考(kao)驗(yan)；截至2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)底甘(gan)肅(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網統(tong)(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝機(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)14960MW，其中(zhong)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)5294MW、火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)9069MW、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)597MW，分(fen)別(bie)占系統(tong)(tong)總(zong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)35.38%、60.62%、3.99%；在(zai)14960MW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝機(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)中(zhong)具備調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)約為(wei)(wei)6500MW，其中(zhong)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)4500MW、水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)2000MW，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)水期調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)弱、枯水期調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)供熱(re)期間(jian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)弱、非供熱(re)期間(jian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)，受到水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)運行(xing)方(fang)式以及檢修等因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，系統(tong)(tong)內最大(da)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)約為(wei)(wei)4000MW；考(kao)慮(lv)事故備用、負(fu)荷備用等因素需要(yao)占用一(yi)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，另(ling)外(wai)由于(yu)省(sheng)(sheng)內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因可能(neng)(neng)(neng)限制(zhi)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)所有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)約為(wei)(wei)2500MW；考(kao)慮(lv)到其中(zhong)有(you)約1000MW的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)需要(yao)用于(yu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠承擔風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)僅約1500MW，根(gen)本無法滿足(zu)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)5160MW風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所需調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。

依(yi)靠甘(gan)肅自有的(de)(de)(de)(de)水火(huo)電(dian)(dian)機組調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)是遠(yuan)遠(yuan)不(bu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)，必須考(kao)(kao)慮西北五(wu)省區(qu)尤其用(yong)黃河中(zhong)上(shang)游水電(dian)(dian)參與調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)，但其中(zhong)涉(she)及到黃河水資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合利用(yong)，大(da)規(gui)模(mo)跨省調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度管理模(mo)式和電(dian)(dian)費交易管理辦法等(deng)一(yi)系列管理問(wen)題(ti)，另外還存(cun)在(zai)水火(huo)電(dian)(dian)機組能(neng)(neng)(neng)否(fou)(fou)適應頻繁調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)、電(dian)(dian)網能(neng)(neng)(neng)否(fou)(fou)適應系統潮流頻繁大(da)范(fan)圍波動等(deng)方面技術問(wen)題(ti)。2015年(nian)12710MW以(yi)及2020年(nian)增加到20000MW以(yi)上(shang)裝機容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)風電(dian)(dian)項目，即使(shi)不(bu)考(kao)(kao)慮電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)量能(neng)(neng)(neng)否(fou)(fou)在(zai)甘(gan)肅電(dian)(dian)網消納的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，在(zai)現有技術水平下西北電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)體調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力已經無法滿足要(yao)(yao)求，需要(yao)(yao)在(zai)更(geng)大(da)范(fan)圍或(huo)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)技術才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)解決調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)問(wen)題(ti)。

電力電量消納

已經核準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)項目全(quan)(quan)(quan)部投產(chan)后，到(dao)(dao)2010年(nian)年(nian)底風(feng)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)容量(liang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)5160MW，年(nian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)約為10300GW·h，2008年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)統調范圍內(nei)最(zui)大負荷8030MW、省(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)司售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)52922GW·h，受到(dao)(dao)金融(rong)危機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)影響全(quan)(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)用電(dian)(dian)需求增長趨(qu)緩(huan)(huan)，預計到(dao)(dao)2010年(nian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)統調范圍內(nei)最(zui)大負荷9500MW、省(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)司售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)56000GW·h。全(quan)(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)用電(dian)(dian)最(zui)大負荷僅(jin)為9500MW，要消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)5160MW風(feng)電(dian)(dian)，從電(dian)(dian)力平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)的(de)(de)(de)角度考(kao)慮(lv)幾乎是(shi)不可能的(de)(de)(de)；省(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)司售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)56000GW·h中要消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)10300GW·h的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)，從電(dian)(dian)量(liang)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)看似(si)乎可能，但考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)(dao)面臨著水電(dian)(dian)、火電(dian)(dian)建設項目大批(pi)投產(chan)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)用電(dian)(dian)需求增長減緩(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際，如(ru)果5160MW的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部在甘肅省(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)，火電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)利(li)用小時數將下(xia)降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)3500h以下(xia)。因此無(wu)論從電(dian)(dian)力平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)、電(dian)(dian)量(liang)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)方(fang)面考(kao)慮(lv)，2010年(nian)5160 MW風(feng)電(dian)(dian)在省(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)難以消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)，必(bi)須依(yi)靠西北電(dian)(dian)網(wang)以及全(quan)(quan)(quan)國電(dian)(dian)網(wang)進行消(xiao)(xiao)納(na)(na)。

2015年12710MW以及2020年增(zeng)加到20000MW以上裝機容量的(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)，即使(shi)考慮全(quan)省用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷以年均10%的(de)(de)增(zeng)長率(lv)增(zeng)長，從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力平衡的(de)(de)角度考慮，不僅甘肅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)無法(fa)消納，西(xi)北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)也難以消納。2015年及2020年裝機容量所對應的(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量分(fen)別約(yue)為25000GW·h、42000GW·h，即使(shi)考慮全(quan)省用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量需求以年均8%的(de)(de)增(zeng)長率(lv)增(zeng)長，不僅甘肅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)也無法(fa)消納，預(yu)計西(xi)北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)也難以消納。2015年及以后的(de)(de)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量必須依靠(kao)全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場消納，因此風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)消納存在較大(da)的(de)(de)不確定性。

系統穩定問題

2010年(nian)年(nian)底投產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)5160MW風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要依靠750kV交流線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)送(song)出(chu)(chu)，1000km750kV雙回線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，大概有1600MV·A的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)會隨線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)潮(chao)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)而變化(hua)，由(you)于(yu)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)隨機(ji)性(xing)(xing)特點，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)快速(su)變化(hua)將(jiang)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統穩(wen)定產(chan)生巨大影響(xiang)。風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規(gui)模越來越大，接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級越來越高，由(you)于(yu)風(feng)力(li)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)間斷性(xing)(xing)，將(jiang)導致(zhi)輸出(chu)(chu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)輸送(song)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)大幅度變化(hua)，進而引起(qi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)大起(qi)大落(luo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)必(bi)須具備足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)、動(dong)態的(de)(de)(de)感性(xing)(xing)和(he)容性(xing)(xing)無功(gong)調節能(neng)力(li)，同時要求各類發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)協(xie)同調壓(ya)(ya)，才可能(neng)實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)控制。交流聯網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)之間相(xiang)互影響(xiang)，酒泉(quan)地(di)區風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)(chu)力(li)大幅度變化(hua)必(bi)然引起(qi)整個系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)波動(dong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統存在頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穩(wen)定問題(ti)。

為了滿(man)足(zu)送出能力的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，河西750kV電(dian)(dian)網必須同時采取750kV串(chuan)補和(he)可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)高抗等多項最先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)柔性(xing)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)技術，另(ling)外為了適(shi)應風電(dian)(dian)機組間歇性(xing)風電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)，風電(dian)(dian)場(chang)升壓(ya)站必須安裝15%～20%的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態(tai)無功補償設(she)備（SVC或SVG），串(chuan)補、可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)高抗和(he)動(dong)態(tai)無功補償設(she)備等柔性(xing)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)技術在(zai)(zai)河西電(dian)(dian)網同時應用，不(bu)(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)(ke)能產(chan)生(sheng)次同步諧振等問(wen)(wen)題，還需(xu)要(yao)綜(zong)合(he)研(yan)究柔性(xing)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制策(ce)略問(wen)(wen)題。由于超(chao)大規模(mo)風電(dian)(dian)場(chang)數學模(mo)型(xing)不(bu)(bu)完善，面對超(chao)大規模(mo)風電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)遠距離輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)問(wen)(wen)題，不(bu)(bu)僅缺乏實(shi)際運行管理(li)經(jing)驗，理(li)論分析計算(suan)的(de)(de)(de)結論仍然(ran)存在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)確定(ding)性(xing)，因此酒(jiu)泉風電(dian)(dian)基地(di)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能存在(zai)(zai)較大的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統穩定(ding)問(wen)(wen)題。

能(neng)否滿(man)足風(feng)電送(song)出(chu)的(de)(de)需(xu)求是酒泉千(qian)萬(wan)千(qian)瓦級風(feng)電基地成(cheng)功與否的(de)(de)關鍵。面對(dui)前(qian)(qian)所未有的(de)(de)輸送(song)能(neng)力、調峰能(neng)力、電力消納(na)和系統穩定等方面的(de)(de)一系列難(nan)題，電網企(qi)業(ye)面臨著前(qian)(qian)所未有的(de)(de)挑戰。

應對措施

超前(qian)(qian)規(gui)劃、加(jia)快(kuai)建設(she)(she)，以(yi)(yi)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)發展。科學合理的(de)(de)規(gui)劃電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)是(shi)滿足風電(dian)(dian)(dian)送出需求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)提條件(jian)。為(wei)了(le)適應酒泉(quan)千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦級風電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)，國(guo)網(wang)(wang)公司牽頭組織(zhi)完成(cheng)了(le)河西750/330kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)最大(da)接納(na)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力、接入規(gui)劃方案、輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)規(gui)劃、大(da)規(gui)模風電(dian)(dian)(dian)適應性四(si)大(da)課(ke)題的(de)(de)研(yan)究，根據上述四(si)大(da)課(ke)題的(de)(de)研(yan)究成(cheng)果(guo)，快(kuai)速(su)啟動了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)規(gui)劃的(de)(de)修(xiu)訂與調整工(gong)(gong)作。千(qian)方百計加(jia)快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建設(she)(she)是(shi)解決(jue)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)送出矛盾的(de)(de)關鍵。必須(xu)全力以(yi)(yi)赴加(jia)快(kuai)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)送出工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)期工(gong)(gong)作和電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建設(she)(she)。

統籌規(gui)(gui)劃、協調(diao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，以風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。國(guo)際上(shang)公認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)比例為(wei)1:5以上(shang)。考慮(lv)到(dao)酒(jiu)泉(quan)千萬千瓦風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊情況，為(wei)了滿足(zu)(zu)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)峰(feng)(feng)和(he)(he)遠距離送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)性要(yao)求，經(jing)(jing)過初步(bu)(bu)研究，在(zai)酒(jiu)泉(quan)地(di)(di)區滿足(zu)(zu)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)比例應該按(an)照(zhao)2∶1考慮(lv)。在(zai)河西(xi)(xi)(xi)建設(she)(she)相應規(gui)(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，既可以提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)峰(feng)(feng)能力(li)(li)，也(ye)有利于(yu)促進全省經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。在(zai)加快酒(jiu)泉(quan)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)(di)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)揮省內和(he)(he)周邊(bian)省份煤炭資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，努力(li)(li)克(ke)服水資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)短缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劣勢，加快河西(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)區電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)整，爭取與風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規(gui)(gui)模同(tong)(tong)步(bu)(bu)建設(she)(she)一批新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目，努力(li)(li)建設(she)(she)以風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河西(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)(di)。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)利用河西(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)區豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽能資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，研究風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太(tai)陽能發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)互補的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可能性，以滿足(zu)(zu)酒(jiu)泉(quan)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)峰(feng)(feng)需求為(wei)契機，努力(li)(li)建設(she)(she)包括風(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河西(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)(di)，實現建設(she)(she)酒(jiu)泉(quan)能源(yuan)(yuan)基地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)目標。

超前謀(mou)劃、爭(zheng)取(qu)政(zheng)策，以(yi)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)外送。在甘(gan)肅河西(xi)地區風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)抽水蓄能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站協(xie)調(diao)發展，并且實現與新(xin)疆哈密聯網運行(xing)(xing)的(de)基礎上，實際形成(cheng)了(le)哈密—酒泉風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能源(yuan)(yuan)基地的(de)特征。有了(le)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)大規模電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，西(xi)北(bei)區域(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網是難(nan)以(yi)滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)消納的(de)需求(qiu)，必須在全(quan)國范圍內(nei)統一資源(yuan)(yuan)，優化(hua)(hua)配置(zhi)。2015年及(ji)(ji)以(yi)后風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機(ji)容量大幅度(du)增加，僅靠西(xi)北(bei)區域(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網是難(nan)以(yi)滿足調(diao)峰能力(li)(li)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)消納等方面(mian)的(de)需求(qiu)，必須爭(zheng)取(qu)實行(xing)(xing)跨地區在全(quan)國范圍內(nei)的(de)資源(yuan)(yuan)優化(hua)(hua)配置(zhi)，提出切實可行(xing)(xing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)外送輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規劃。

建立標準、規(gui)(gui)范(fan)管(guan)理，促(cu)進風(feng)電(dian)有(you)序(xu)發展。為了適應風(feng)電(dian)快速發展的要求，必須建立適合大規(gui)(gui)模(mo)風(feng)電(dian)發展需要的技(ji)術標準和管(guan)理規(gui)(gui)范(fan)；加(jia)強風(feng)電(dian)場接入系(xi)統(tong)管(guan)理，統(tong)一風(feng)電(dian)機(ji)組技(ji)術標準和風(feng)電(dian)機(ji)組性能試(shi)驗(yan)標準，全面提高(gao)風(feng)電(dian)運行管(guan)理水平。

加強研(yan)究、攻堅克難，促進風電(dian)(dian)科(ke)學(xue)發展(zhan)。利用酒(jiu)泉(quan)風電(dian)(dian)場規模大(da)、風電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)種類齊全的(de)特點，建立科(ke)學(xue)準確的(de)甘肅風電(dian)(dian)場數(shu)學(xue)模型，與國內外高水平研(yan)究機構、大(da)學(xue)廣(guang)泛合作，加快酒(jiu)泉(quan)風電(dian)(dian)有(you)關(guan)的(de)關(guan)鍵技術問題(ti)的(de)研(yan)究，促進風電(dian)(dian)健康、科(ke)學(xue)發展(zhan)。