七竅生煙:形容氣(qi)憤、焦(jiao)急或(huo)干渴之極,好像耳(er)目口鼻都要冒出(chu)火來,也稱(cheng)作“七孔生煙”、“七竅(qiao)冒火”。成語作謂語、補語、是貶義詞。
出(chu)自清·黃小配《廿載繁華(hua)夢》第三回:“說罷,悻(xing)悻(xing)然轉出(chu)來。把鄧氏氣(qi)得(de)(de)七竅生煙,覺得(de)(de)腦中一(yi)涌,喉里作動,旋吐出(chu)鮮血來。”
七竅指:指兩耳、兩眼、兩鼻孔和(he)口。
人(ren)(ren)在(zai)極度憤怒和煩惱的時候,就會(hui)“七竅生(sheng)煙”。黃帝內經講:五(wu)(wu)臟精氣通(tong)(tong)(tong)達(da)七竅,五(wu)(wu)臟不和,七竅不通(tong)(tong)(tong)。肝(gan)氣通(tong)(tong)(tong)眼(yan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)辯無色(se);腎氣通(tong)(tong)(tong)耳可(ke)(ke)(ke)聞五(wu)(wu)音;肺氣通(tong)(tong)(tong)鼻可(ke)(ke)(ke)知香臭;脾(pi)氣通(tong)(tong)(tong)口(kou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)覺五(wu)(wu)谷;心氣通(tong)(tong)(tong)舌可(ke)(ke)(ke)知五(wu)(wu)味(wei)。所以,人(ren)(ren)的情緒變化,可(ke)(ke)(ke)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過五(wu)(wu)臟七竅表現出來。
隋朝末年,隋煬帝(di)主政,暴亂荒(huang)淫,導(dao)致(zhi)天下大亂,群雄割據。唐公(gong)李淵和瓦(wa)(wa)崗(gang)寨群雄,是當時勢力最為強(qiang)大者(zhe)。據說,在一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)攻打瓦(wa)(wa)崗(gang)寨的戰爭中,隋煬帝(di)派(pai)邱瑞(rui)與宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)成(cheng)龍(long)帶兵攻打瓦(wa)(wa)崗(gang)寨,但(dan)卻中了瓦(wa)(wa)崗(gang)寨軍師徐(xu)茂公(gong)之計,先鋒(feng)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)成(cheng)龍(long)被殺(sha)。徐(xu)茂公(gong)命(ming)人將(jiang)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)成(cheng)龍(long)的首(shou)級斬(zhan)下拌上石灰放在竹箱,并附(fu)上模仿邱瑞(rui)字跡(ji)的書信一(yi)(yi)(yi)封,一(yi)(yi)(yi)起送到丞相宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)化(hua)及府中。書信內容寫著(zhu):“你兒子恃功(gong),不把我元帥(shuai)放在眼內,屢次(ci)違我軍令,今(jin)已(yi)把他斬(zhan)首(shou),特(te)此(ci)告知。”宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)化(hua)及看完,大哭大罵,隨(sui)即(ji)入(ru)朝將(jiang)頭、信拿給隋煬帝(di)看。隋煬帝(di)大怒,立刻(ke)派(pai)錦(jin)衣衛前(qian)去(qu)捉拿邱瑞(rui)的家屬,但(dan)早(zao)已(yi)空無一(yi)(yi)(yi)人。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)化(hua)及認為邱瑞(rui)已(yi)投降(jiang)瓦(wa)(wa)崗(gang)寨,請求隋煬帝(di)立即(ji)派(pai)官(guan)前(qian)去(qu)邱瑞(rui)營中,命(ming)他自(zi)盡(jin)。隋煬帝(di)即(ji)刻(ke)派(pai)官(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)人、校尉四人,直(zhi)奔(ben)瓦(wa)(wa)崗(gang)寨辦事。
另一邊,邱(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)福(fu)(fu)來到營中,拜見父親(qin),邱(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)瑞(rui)(rui)連忙問道(dao):“你(ni)不是(shi)已經被抓,為何又來這(zhe)里?”邱(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)福(fu)(fu)說:“這(zhe)是(shi)瓦崗寨(zhai)徐(xu)茂公的(de)(de)計策,要(yao)您歸順投降,現在家人(ren)在瓦崗寨(zhai)都被妥善安頓(dun),于是(shi)叫孩(hai)兒(er)來奉(feng)請。”邱(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)瑞(rui)(rui)聽后,急得七竅生煙(yan),主意全(quan)(quan)無。這(zhe)時,隋煬帝(di)派(pai)的(de)(de)使臣(chen)剛好也到。邱(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)瑞(rui)(rui)接(jie)了圣旨,使臣(chen)宣讀內容,命(ming)邱(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)瑞(rui)(rui)自盡。邱(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)福(fu)(fu)大怒,一刀殺了使臣(chen)。邱(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)瑞(rui)(rui)長(chang)嘆一聲,要(yao)邱(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)福(fu)(fu)先去通報,隨即收拾十五萬(wan)人(ren)馬(ma),全(quan)(quan)部(bu)歸降了瓦崗寨(zhai)。
因此,后(hou)來就從這個(ge)(ge)故(gu)事中把“七(qi)竅生煙”這句話引用為成語,形容一個(ge)(ge)人氣憤到(dao)了極點(dian)。