左懋(mao)第(1601年(nian)-1645年(nian)),字仲及,號蘿石,山東萊陽(yang)人。大明(ming)赴清(qing)(qing)談(tan)和使者,后(hou)被(bei)清(qing)(qing)朝扣押(ya),寧死不降,后(hou)人稱“明(ming)末文天祥”。明(ming)朝末年(nian),國家內憂外患,危機四伏,大廈將傾,萊陽(yang)進士左懋(mao)第卻登上了(le)人生(sheng)最壯(zhuang)美的(de)舞臺。他治理韓城,政(zheng)(zheng)績(ji)優異,考選欽定第一,由知縣擢(zhuo)升朝中擔(dan)任要職,成(cheng)為威(wei)宗皇帝信(xin)任的(de)股肱之(zhi)臣。崇禎甲申(1644),清(qing)(qing)兵入(ru)關,國難當頭,他挺身而出,與清(qing)(qing)朝攝政(zheng)(zheng)王多爾袞唇槍舌劍(jian),堅決維護大明(ming)尊(zun)嚴。面對酷刑和威(wei)逼利(li)誘,他寧作大明(ming)鬼,不當清(qing)(qing)朝王,成(cheng)為比肩文天祥的(de)民族英雄。
萊陽(yang)左(zuo)氏(shi),一世祖(zu)左(zuo)原(yuan)。明永(yong)樂間自章丘遷徙(xi)至(zhi)萊陽(yang)。左(zuo)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)左(zuo)盛(sheng),左(zuo)盛(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)左(zuo)方(fang),左(zuo)方(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)升(sheng),文(wen)升(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)奎、英、彥。左(zuo)懋(mao)第祖(zu)父左(zuo)奎,生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)龍(long)、之(zhi)藩、之(zhi)禎。左(zuo)之(zhi)龍(long)(1550-1623),字(zi)用化,號(hao)云樓(lou),萬(wan)歷己卯(1579)舉人,歷任(ren)河北(bei)房山、良鄉知(zhi)縣,陜西西華知(zhi)縣,延安(an)府同知(zhi),灤州知(zhi)州,署北(bei)平太守,南京刑部廣(guang)東司員外郎(lang)、河南司郎(lang)中。誥授奉政大夫(fu)、敕封光祿大夫(fu)。繼(ji)配陳(chen)氏(shi),寧海指揮僉事(shi)陳(chen)治安(an)長(chang)女,敕封夫(fu)人,生(sheng)(sheng)左(zuo)懋(mao)第。左(zuo)懋(mao)第、左(zuo)之(zhi)龍(long)墓地在萊陽(yang)市沐浴(yu)店鎮北(bei)旺(wang)村。
青年才俊(jun)少負大志
萬歷四十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1615),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)與(yu)堂(tang)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)泰、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)芬、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)桂、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)良(liang)輔等人參加(jia)了著名(ming)(ming)的文(wen)社(she)(she)(she)山左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大社(she)(she)(she)(復社(she)(she)(she)分支)。據(ju)《萊陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣志》記(ji)載,山左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大社(she)(she)(she)91名(ming)(ming)成(cheng)員,萊陽(yang)(yang)(yang)人占(zhan)了十(shi)之(zhi)六七。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)經(jing)(jing)常(chang)參加(jia)交游聚會,切磋學(xue)問(wen),評說時局,文(wen)名(ming)(ming)遠揚(yang)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)的父親(qin)(qin)在萊陽(yang)(yang)(yang)城西(xi)郊建有(you)“西(xi)墅草(cao)堂(tang)”,草(cao)堂(tang)中有(you)一處(chu)“浴月臺”,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)經(jing)(jing)常(chang)與(yu)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟和(he)同學(xue)來此讀書(shu),詩文(wen)唱和(he)。母(mu)親(qin)(qin)陳(chen)氏,是寧(ning)(ning)海(hai)州(zhou)(今牟平(ping))指揮(hui)僉事陳(chen)治安之(zhi)女,懋(mao)(mao)第(di)經(jing)(jing)常(chang)往來于萊陽(yang)(yang)(yang)、寧(ning)(ning)海(hai)之(zhi)間。天(tian)啟二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1622),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)游昆崳(yu)山煙霞洞,聽(ting)聞(wen)寧(ning)(ning)海(hai)州(zhou)張(zhang)國(guo)俊將軍(jun)在平(ping)定白(bai)蓮教(jiao)之(zhi)亂(luan)中戰死,年(nian)(nian)(nian)僅28歲,懋(mao)(mao)第(di)十(shi)分惋惜,作(zuo)詩《挽張(zhang)將軍(jun)》:“孰(shu)若(ruo)海(hai)上張(zhang)將軍(jun),慷慨(kai)殺賊生絕?。……血漬寒沙英魂歸(gui),風悲(bei)鬼嘯昏白(bai)晝。”天(tian)啟三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1623),萊陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣教(jiao)諭朱?在縣學(xue)里(li)選拔左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)、張(zhang)允(yun)掄等八(ba)位優(you)秀學(xue)生加(jia)上自己,組成(cheng)“九龍(long)社(she)(she)(she)”,一起上課研討學(xue)問(wen),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)頗受器重,成(cheng)為“九龍(long)”中的佼佼者。后人評價他:“為諸生,即負海(hai)內盛(sheng)名(ming)(ming)。為文(wen)高古雄奧,不可一世。”贊(zan)譽他:“學(xue)富五車二酉,文(wen)追東洛西(xi)京。”
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)為人(ren)(ren)正直,胸(xiong)懷(huai)大志(zhi),青少年(nian)時(shi)即(ji)關注(zhu)國(guo)家命運(yun)。天啟六年(nian)(1626),權臣魏忠賢(xian)(xian)授意黨羽編編纂《三朝會典》,借以(yi)誣陷打擊(ji)東林黨人(ren)(ren)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)讀(du)后(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)勝憤(fen)恨(hen),認為這是“變亂(luan)是非(fei),顛(dian)倒賢(xian)(xian)佞。”手(shou)指纂修諸人(ren)(ren)姓名(ming),說(shuo)(shuo):“此皆(jie)邪佞之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)。”手(shou)擊(ji)紙碎(sui)。當(dang)他得(de)知(zhi)(zhi)翰(han)林院編修陳(chen)明卿先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)因得(de)罪魏忠賢(xian)(xian)而被削(xue)職(zhi)時(shi),十分氣憤(fen),作(zuo)文予以(yi)抨(peng)擊(ji),抒發心中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)。崇禎二(er)年(nian)(1629),白蓮教(jiao)教(jiao)徒(tu)董(dong)大成(cheng)聚眾(zhong)五(wu)千人(ren)(ren)圍攻萊陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。萊陽(yang)(yang)(yang)承(cheng)平(ping)(ping)已久,人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)識(shi)兵,形(xing)勢非(fei)常危急,縣衙只好組織城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紳士、市民(min)自衛(wei)(wei)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)自告奮(fen)勇,登(deng)上城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻,開炮擊(ji)賊(zei),結果炮膛炸(zha)裂,自己差點被炸(zha)死。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)仍奮(fen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧身,簡單包扎(zha)后(hou)(hou),再次舉炮轟擊(ji)敵人(ren)(ren),并擊(ji)中(zhong)敵人(ren)(ren)首領。董(dong)大成(cheng)見(jian)(jian)取勝無望,率眾(zhong)遁去,后(hou)(hou)逃至蒙陰被殺。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)英勇事跡傳(chuan)遍膠東士林,這次戰斗(dou)也(ye)是他人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一次重(zhong)要經(jing)歷(li),對(dui)日后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)仕(shi)(shi)途生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)涯產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了重(zhong)要影(ying)響(xiang)。崇禎三年(nian)(1630),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)鄉試考(kao)中(zhong)亞元(yuan)(第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)名(ming)),翌年(nian)聯捷(jie)成(cheng)進士。大詩人(ren)(ren)吳偉業、張溥也(ye)高中(zhong)進士。萊陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)姜?、沈迅(xun)則與左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)同榜,三人(ren)(ren)志(zhi)同道合,皆(jie)以(yi)志(zhi)節留名(ming)史冊,成(cheng)為著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“明末萊陽(yang)(yang)(yang)三君子(zi)”。其(qi)時(shi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)叔父左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)武任登(deng)州衛(wei)(wei)鎮撫,姐夫孫(sun)承(cheng)祖任登(deng)州衛(wei)(wei)游擊(ji)將(jiang)軍。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)與親(qin)友一起來(lai)到(dao)蓬萊游珠璣(ji)崖,見(jian)(jian)大魚長(chang)約(yue)數丈(zhang),出(chu)沒(mei)濤中(zhong),乃乘興題詩石壁:“水撲青天濤卷雪,石峰片片皆(jie)奇絕。浮白狂(kuang)歌(ge)長(chang)吉詩,元(yuan)氣茫茫收(shou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)。”崇禎五(wu)年(nian)(1632)八(ba)月,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)授陜西(xi)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)知(zhi)(zhi)縣。韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地處(chu)黃河之(zhi)濱(bin),歷(li)來(lai)有“秦中(zhong)最敝邑”之(zhi)稱,由于連年(nian)災害,流寇四起,民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聊生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),這對(dui)初(chu)出(chu)茅廬的(de)(de)(de)(de)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)無疑是踏上仕(shi)(shi)途的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一場(chang)嚴(yan)峻考(kao)驗。“郡縣治,天下(xia)安。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)熟讀(du)史書和儒家經(jing)典,深(shen)知(zhi)(zhi)自己擔負的(de)(de)(de)(de)責任,面對(dui)艱難局面,沒(mei)有退縮,決心有所(suo)作(zuo)為。他在給恩師陳(chen)明卿的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)中(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo):“聞命之(zhi)初(chu),恐愧戰栗,知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)勝任,嚴(yan)訓之(zhi)下(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢重(zhong)違(wei),勉為之(zhi)。”十月,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)與母親(qin)一起來(lai)到(dao)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),開始了十三年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)仕(shi)(shi)宦生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)涯。
1、韓城保衛戰
抗(kang)敵御(yu)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou),保障一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)平安,維護群眾正(zheng)(zheng)常的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活生(sheng)(sheng)產秩序(xu)。崇(chong)禎(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)初年(nian),農民(min)(min)起義(yi)風(feng)起云涌,土(tu)匪盜(dao)賊(zei)四(si)起,韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)尤其猖獗。崇(chong)禎(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)五(wu)年(nian)(1632)十(shi)月(yue),左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)(di)剛到韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng),原任(ren)知縣(xian)外(wai)出未(wei)歸,尚未(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)式交接公務,就遇(yu)上(shang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)侵擾(rao),左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)(di)隨即下令各(ge)鄉(xiang)收斂糧畜,堅壁清(qing)野,接著征(zheng)兵、調(diao)餉、防(fang)河(he)、守城(cheng),成功地擊(ji)退(tui)了敵人(ren)(ren)。韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中乃流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)賊(zei)舊(jiu)巢,殘余(yu)五(wu)七百(bai)人(ren)(ren)盤踞山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中,時常出山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)搶掠,農民(min)(min)不(bu)敢上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)耕種土(tu)地,附近百(bai)姓(xing)也無法安生(sheng)(sheng)。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)(di)憤(fen)然曰:“無農,民(min)(min)胡以(yi)為命?寇(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)不(bu)清(qing),民(min)(min)又安得(de)而農耶?”于(yu)(yu)是,招(zhao)募十(shi)一(yi)(yi)路民(min)(min)兵,親(qin)自(zi)指(zhi)揮,清(qing)剿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)賊(zei)余(yu)孽,部分逃(tao)往山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi),相戒以(yi)后(hou)“毋(wu)入(ru)(ru)韓(han)(han)(han)境”。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)抓獲的(de)三四(si)十(shi)人(ren)(ren),則(ze)令其回家(jia)種田(tian)。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)(di)下車伊始(shi),果斷出手,指(zhi)揮有方(fang)(fang),得(de)到韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)士紳(shen)百(bai)姓(xing)的(de)贊許。崇(chong)禎(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)六年(nian)(1633)十(shi)二月(yue),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)千余(yu)人(ren)(ren)西(xi)(xi)渡黃(huang)河(he)侵襲(xi)韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)。這一(yi)(yi)年(nian)韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)夏無雨冬無雪,遭遇(yu)嚴重干(gan)旱(han)。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)邊組(zu)(zu)織抗(kang)旱(han)救災,一(yi)(yi)邊戎裝(zhuang)上(shang)陣,親(qin)自(zi)督(du)兵進(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)十(shi)里(li)追(zhui)剿,指(zhi)揮士兵于(yu)(yu)河(he)上(shang)作(zuo)戰,取(qu)得(de)勝利。崇(chong)禎(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)七年(nian)(1634)二、三月(yue),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)再(zai)入(ru)(ru)韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)。干(gan)旱(han)導致莊稼(jia)絕收,韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)饑荒。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)(di)想方(fang)(fang)設法賑濟災民(min)(min)的(de)同時,組(zu)(zu)織協調(diao)軍(jun)隊御(yu)敵,敵退(tui),乘勝追(zhui)擊(ji)120里(li)而還。崇(chong)禎(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)八年(nian)(1635),農民(min)(min)起義(yi)愈演(yan)愈烈,七月(yue)、十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)兩次(ci)侵擾(rao)韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng),韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)全線告(gao)急。特別是十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)至次(ci)年(nian)正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)的(de)40多天里(li),民(min)(min)軍(jun)、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)寇(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)數萬人(ren)(ren)圍困縣(xian)城(cheng),日(ri)(ri)夜吶(na)喊(han)攻殺,戰斗十(shi)分激烈,形勢岌岌可(ke)危。左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)(di)每日(ri)(ri)與守軍(jun)將領研究戰斗方(fang)(fang)案,“以(yi)火(huo)器擊(ji)之(zhi),以(yi)步(bu)兵接戰,于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)外(wai)筑攔馬(ma)墻,城(cheng)內筑敵臺,伏義(yi)兵,設火(huo)炮,賊(zei)不(bu)能攻,意(yi)在坐困。”左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)(di)會商(shang)士紳(shen)相約(yue)分守四(si)門(men),親(qin)自(zi)巡(xun)查城(cheng)防(fang),調(diao)度部署。西(xi)(xi)門(men)最為緊要,左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)(di)夜宿(su)其上(shang),意(yi)氣風(feng)發(fa),閱讀兵書,指(zhi)揮若定(ding)。戰斗閑暇“從容賦(fu)詩(shi)不(bu)少休,見者以(yi)為神人(ren)(ren)。”最后(hou)“賊(zei)不(bu)能入(ru)(ru),前后(hou)共攻四(si)十(shi)余(yu)日(ri)(ri)方(fang)(fang)引(yin)去。”左(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)(di)知人(ren)(ren)善(shan)任(ren),身先士卒,枕戈待旦40余(yu)日(ri)(ri),贏得(de)了韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)保衛戰的(de)勝利。
2、韓城為官,愛民恤民
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)雖為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)介(jie)書(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng),但對(dui)用(yong)兵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)卻(que)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)番獨到(dao)(dao)(dao)見(jian)解(jie)。崇(chong)(chong)禎四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1631)冬(dong),膠東發生(sheng)(sheng)登(deng)萊(lai)事變(bian)(bian),明(ming)將(jiang)(jiang)孔有(you)(you)德等攻陷(xian)登(deng)州(zhou),登(deng)州(zhou)衛總兵張扶輿自(zi)殺(sha)殉難(nan)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)得(de)(de)(de)知好友殉難(nan),哀(ai)傷(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余(yu)(yu)(yu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)《陣圖》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)作(zuo)序,說到(dao)(dao)(dao):“余(yu)(yu)(yu)書(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知兵,然(ran)竊(qie)見(jian)其(qi)條(tiao)理(li)錯綜(zong),可(ke)(ke)教(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)猛果克戰斗。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猛果生(sheng)(sheng),于(yu)將(jiang)(jiang)可(ke)(ke)恃,而(er)(er)(er)將(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)恃,惟用(yong)兵有(you)(you)法(fa)。”明(ming)末清初學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)屈(qu)大(da)(da)均(jun)(jun)則(ze)評價(jia)(jia)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di):“初知韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),流(liu)(liu)寇三(san)薄韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),再(zai)躪其(qi)境(jing),懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)率士民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)而(er)(er)(er)戰,身當鋒,輒(zhe)大(da)(da)破走(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。關中保障(zhang),推懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)憑(ping)借忠勇謀略(lve),力保一(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)平安,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)紳(shen)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)稱贊,省府政要(yao)(yao)、封疆大(da)(da)吏(li)也對(dui)他(ta)(ta)刮目相看(kan)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)力救(jiu)災(zai)(zai)(zai),拯(zheng)救(jiu)饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),化解(jie)社會(hui)危機。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)初到(dao)(dao)(dao)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),忙于(yu)剿(jiao)匪御寇,幾乎無一(yi)(yi)(yi)寧日。同(tong)(tong)時(shi),嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)災(zai)(zai)(zai)荒(huang)也給(gei)(gei)(gei)這(zhe)位(wei)初來(lai)乍到(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)令(ling)(ling)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)峻考(kao)驗(yan)。崇(chong)(chong)禎五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1632)“冬(dong)無雪(xue),春(chun)(chun)田遲,遂無麥。夏又(you)雨少,秋霜早,殺(sha)谷無禾(he)。”六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633),“冬(dong)又(you)無雪(xue),麥子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”,七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1634),“春(chun)(chun)又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)焦土(tu)(tu)。”連續三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旱災(zai)(zai)(zai)使全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)陷(xian)入饑(ji)荒(huang),許(xu)多人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)被(bei)餓死。百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓從(cong)吃(chi)(chi)草(cao)根刮樹皮,發展到(dao)(dao)(dao)賣妻鬻子(zi),刮死人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)肉(rou)而(er)(er)(er)食。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)這(zhe)位(wei)善良正直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)封建(jian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)令(ling)(ling)目睹慘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禁(jin)潸(shan)然(ran)淚下。他(ta)(ta)一(yi)(yi)(yi)邊(bian)(bian)把(ba)觸目驚心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)災(zai)(zai)(zai)情向上級如(ru)實報告,請(qing)求賑(zhen)(zhen)濟(ji)(ji)(ji),一(yi)(yi)(yi)邊(bian)(bian)想方(fang)(fang)設(she)法(fa)、竭盡全(quan)(quan)(quan)力在(zai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)范圍內(nei)組(zu)織(zhi)救(jiu)災(zai)(zai)(zai)。崇(chong)(chong)禎六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)倡導“捐(juan)俸(feng)(feng)勸賑(zhen)(zhen)法(fa)”,帶(dai)頭捐(juan)俸(feng)(feng)銀50兩(liang)(liang),發動官(guan)紳(shen)和(he)(he)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)富有(you)(you)而(er)(er)(er)好義者(zhe)(zhe)捐(juan)銀賑(zhen)(zhen)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),共得(de)(de)(de)銀250兩(liang)(liang)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)親自(zi)下鄉排(pai)查(cha),查(cha)出餓得(de)(de)(de)奄(yan)奄(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)息者(zhe)(zhe)3529人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點救(jiu)助對(dui)象,全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)八個(ge)(ge)救(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)點進行救(jiu)助。崇(chong)(chong)禎七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1634)春(chun)(chun),災(zai)(zai)(zai)情加重(zhong),饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)越來(lai)越多。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)實行“各(ge)里(li)(li)賑(zhen)(zhen)各(ge)里(li)(li)法(fa)”,饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)由各(ge)里(li)(li)鄉紳(shen)和(he)(he)有(you)(you)威望(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耆老(lao)核(he)(he)定,查(cha)出急(ji)需救(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)5200人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),由各(ge)里(li)(li)耆老(lao)主(zhu)持救(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)。又(you)查(cha)得(de)(de)(de)里(li)(li)甲不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)收(shou)和(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)浪街頭者(zhe)(zhe)311人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)門(men)外設(she)粥廠(chang)賑(zhen)(zhen)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)。同(tong)(tong)時(shi),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)把(ba)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)按照(zhao)“極(ji)(ji)貧、次(ci)貧、又(you)次(ci)貧”分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)類,共計14000多人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),造(zao)冊(ce)上報,得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)朝廷賑(zhen)(zhen)銀1437兩(liang)(liang)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)別災(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)情況發放(fang)賑(zhen)(zhen)銀,還(huan)對(dui)貧困(kun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)讀書(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)(gei)予特別照(zhao)顧,極(ji)(ji)貧生(sheng)(sheng)18名(ming),每人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)(gei)銀二錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),次(ci)貧生(sheng)(sheng)29名(ming),每人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)(gei)銀一(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)分(fen),盡力使學(xue)子(zi)們不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)因(yin)貧困(kun)輟學(xue)。韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)缺糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓數(shu)(shu)(shu)米而(er)(er)(er)炊(chui),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防止市場糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)價(jia)(jia)暴漲(zhang),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)自(zi)己捐(juan)俸(feng)(feng)買(mai)粟100石(shi),又(you)發動其(qi)他(ta)(ta)官(guan)紳(shen)捐(juan)粟2000石(shi),設(she)置“常平倉”,在(zai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)實行“平準(zhun)法(fa)”,平抑糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)價(jia)(jia),規定“私糶者(zhe)(zhe)禁(jin),必(bi)至于(yu)市。”使災(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)拿(na)到(dao)(dao)(dao)賑(zhen)(zhen)銀后能(neng)夠買(mai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食。由于(yu)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)賑(zhen)(zhen)災(zai)(zai)(zai)得(de)(de)(de)法(fa),措(cuo)施可(ke)(ke)行,全(quan)(quan)(quan)活(huo)(huo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減(jian)少了(le)(le)(le)死亡和(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)亡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)(shu)(shu),韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓十(shi)(shi)分(fen)感念他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功德。愛(ai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)恤民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)減(jian)免賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui),減(jian)輕百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓負擔。韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)連年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)災(zai)(zai)(zai)害,饑(ji)荒(huang)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong),但百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓卻(que)仍然(ran)負擔沉重(zhong),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下決心(xin)(xin)改變(bian)(bian)現(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),給(gei)(gei)(gei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)活(huo)(huo)路。韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“戶口不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)啻以十(shi)(shi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)萬(wan)計,而(er)(er)(er)富者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過十(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二、三(san),其(qi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)皆(jie)饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)矣。”而(er)(er)(er)且“賊殘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)散其(qi)半(ban),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)荒(huang)其(qi)七(qi)。”饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)連飯都吃(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上,拿(na)什么交(jiao)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)?因(yin)此(ci)(ci)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)拖(tuo)(tuo)欠嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong),“(崇(chong)(chong)禎)四、五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)拖(tuo)(tuo)欠至五(wu)千(qian)兩(liang)(liang),而(er)(er)(er)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)未完,將(jiang)(jiang)浮于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬(wan)兩(liang)(liang)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)毅然(ran)多次(ci)上書(shu)(shu),請(qing)求將(jiang)(jiang)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)拖(tuo)(tuo)欠的(de)(de)(de)(de)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部蠲免,并暫緩征收(shou)新稅(shui)(shui)(shui),給(gei)(gei)(gei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓休養生(sheng)(sheng)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國家(jia)征收(shou)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)本是一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)封建(jian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)令(ling)(ling)最基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)職(zhi)責,考(kao)核(he)(he)升遷全(quan)(quan)(quan)賴于(yu)此(ci)(ci)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)卻(que)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍心(xin)(xin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)功名(ming)利祿(lu)而(er)(er)(er)向“無居、無衣、無食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓、有(you)(you)皮無肉(rou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤子(zi)”征收(shou)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui),他(ta)(ta)說:“功令(ling)(ling)既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寬我(wo),我(wo)也甘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)說:“畏(wei)功令(ling)(ling)而(er)(er)(er)迫于(yu)催科,既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)完賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui),而(er)(er)(er)又(you)有(you)(you)以傷(shang)國家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)氣,卑職(zhi)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)出也。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):“民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng),吏(li)難(nan)盡其(qi)職(zhi)。”作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)封建(jian)官(guan)吏(li)能(neng)夠把(ba)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓疾苦放(fang)在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)前途安危,實屬難(nan)得(de)(de)(de)。除(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)連年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)災(zai)(zai)(zai)荒(huang),韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)貧困(kun)拖(tuo)(tuo)欠賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)還(huan)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)原因(yin)就是空賠錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)嘉(jia)靖四十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1561年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))丈地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)均(jun)(jun)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)以后,按照(zhao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)畝(mu)(mu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)繳(jiao)納(na)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)黃(huang)河(he)(he)岸(an)(an)邊(bian)(bian),大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)被(bei)沖(chong)毀崩塌,農民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)失去了(le)(le)(le)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),70多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)卻(que)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)嘉(jia)靖四十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)確定的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)畝(mu)(mu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)交(jiao)納(na)賦(fu)稅(shui)(shui)(shui),每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)空賠銀糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)兩(liang)(liang)千(qian)余(yu)(yu)(yu)石(shi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)復一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),農民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)難(nan)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)繼,“死者(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)、逃者(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)”。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下鄉巡(xun)視,看(kan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)近岸(an)(an)村莊因(yin)“賠糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)賣屋,屋盡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)逃與死也。沿河(he)(he)居民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),老(lao)幼萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)……皆(jie)身無完衣。”面對(dui)慘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)心(xin)(xin)急(ji)如(ru)焚。崇(chong)(chong)禎八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1635)十(shi)(shi)月(yue),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)與縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內(nei)士紳(shen)反復磋商,毅然(ran)決定在(zai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)范圍內(nei)重(zhong)新丈量(liang)(liang)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),平均(jun)(jun)田賦(fu),徹(che)底改變(bian)(bian)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓空賠錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓“除(chu)(chu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害,興百(bai)(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利。”這(zhe)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)項極(ji)(ji)其(qi)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo),涉及(ji)到(dao)(dao)(dao)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)階層的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益(yi),阻力很大(da)(da),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)做了(le)(le)(le)精心(xin)(xin)細致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安排(pai)。他(ta)(ta)頒布了(le)(le)(le)《均(jun)(jun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)法(fa)則(ze)示(shi)》,設(she)計了(le)(le)(le)程序嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)“三(san)番清丈法(fa)”:各(ge)里(li)(li)自(zi)己清丈地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)畝(mu)(mu)數(shu)(shu)(shu),造(zao)《魚鱗(lin)冊(ce)》上報縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)里(li)(li)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)再(zai)率人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)逐里(li)(li)抽丈,最后全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)28里(li)(li)互相復丈。三(san)番清丈后,允(yun)許(xu)彼此(ci)(ci)舉報,如(ru)有(you)(you)揭發舉報,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)則(ze)親自(zi)帶(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)前往丈量(liang)(liang)。對(dui)于(yu)故意“隱漏”、“受賄(hui)”及(ji)“強梁(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)公”者(zhe)(zhe),“依律定罪,決不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食言(yan)”。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防止有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)行賄(hui),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)命所有(you)(you)工作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員“各(ge)帶(dai)口糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),遇村鎮隨便買(mai)食,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)許(xu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)搭棚結彩,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準(zhun)備飯獻茶。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)避勞怨,專精力行,從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)準(zhun)確地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)掌握了(le)(le)(le)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang),做到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)“有(you)(you)田則(ze)有(you)(you)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),無田則(ze)無糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。”韓(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓數(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)空賠錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)(da)弊(bi)端終于(yu)革(ge)除(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le),廣大(da)(da)農民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)奔走(zou)相告,拍手稱快。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)指(zhi)導編寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《魚鱗(lin)冊(ce)》,用(yong)來(lai)管理(li)河(he)(he)岸(an)(an)灘地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),解(jie)決了(le)(le)(le)河(he)(he)水(shui)淹沒土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)無地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)可(ke)(ke)耕種和(he)(he)河(he)(he)水(shui)退后土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)沒有(you)(you)耕種仍要(yao)(yao)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)題,此(ci)(ci)舉深得(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓認(ren)可(ke)(ke),后世沿用(yong)至今。
崇(chong)(chong)(chong)尚節儉(jian),割除陋習(xi),嚴禁(jin)奢靡(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)。左懋第(di)在(zai)(zai)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)期(qi)間,十(shi)分(fen)(fen)注(zhu)重訪聽(ting)民(min)間疾苦和(he)(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)土人情。他“深山窮谷,足跡殆(dai)遍。”發現韓(han)(han)城(cheng)習(xi)俗有崇(chong)(chong)(chong)尚奢侈之(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng),“相沿不(bu)(bu)止(zhi),勢且繁多。”特別是婚(hun)(hun)(hun)喪嫁(jia)(jia)娶方(fang)面(mian)禮(li)(li)數(shu)繁瑣,奢侈浪費,一(yi)(yi)般百姓(xing)負擔不(bu)(bu)起(qi)。男女婚(hun)(hun)(hun)姻,女方(fang)專索(suo)厚聘,男方(fang)強索(suo)妝(zhuang)奩(lian),“以至富(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)貧,而貧者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)能嫁(jia)(jia)女。生(sheng)(sheng)女則愁(chou)異日之(zhi)(zhi)費,有棄之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)育者(zhe)(zhe)。”為死者(zhe)(zhe)發喪,則流行(xing)(xing)大(da)擺(bai)酒席、設(she)臺(tai)唱戲(xi),妄費甚多,以至于(yu)“父母病時(shi)不(bu)(bu)自憂其(qi)病,而憂其(qi)子之(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)所費。人子遇喪,不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)味(wei)哀痛,反留(liu)心(xin)檢點諸(zhu)費,久而不(bu)(bu)葬其(qi)親。”老百姓(xing)結不(bu)(bu)起(qi)婚(hun)(hun)(hun)、埋(mai)不(bu)(bu)起(qi)死者(zhe)(zhe),左懋第(di)感嘆:“奢之(zhi)(zhi)為害(hai),一(yi)(yi)至于(yu)此(ci)(ci)!”左懋第(di)認(ren)為,韓(han)(han)城(cheng)災害(hai)頻(pin)發,盜匪(fei)猖獗(jue),不(bu)(bu)盡是“天數(shu)使然(ran)”,百姓(xing)奢僭(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng),也“皆足致異”。為嚴禁(jin)奢靡(mi),以挽風(feng)(feng)(feng)俗,左懋第(di)與地(di)士紳共(gong)同努(nu)力,韓(han)(han)城(cheng)民(min)風(feng)(feng)(feng)為之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)變。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)禎九年(1636)七(qi)月,左懋第(di)發布了(le)著名的(de)(de)《崇(chong)(chong)(chong)儉(jian)書》告(gao)示,提出“以儉(jian)樸(pu)為風(feng)(feng)(feng)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)首”,明令限制(zhi)和(he)(he)禁(jin)止(zhi)婚(hun)(hun)(hun)喪嫁(jia)(jia)娶中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)種種奢糜風(feng)(feng)(feng)俗。他根(gen)據官宦(huan)、士庶各(ge)個(ge)(ge)(ge)階層不(bu)(bu)同經濟(ji)條件,對婚(hun)(hun)(hun)喪嫁(jia)(jia)娶的(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)(ge)環節、每個(ge)(ge)(ge)細節都作(zuo)了(le)質(zhi)和(he)(he)量的(de)(de)具體規(gui)定,婚(hun)(hun)(hun)禮(li)(li)、喪禮(li)(li)形成定式。同時(shi)規(gui)定,婚(hun)(hun)(hun)禮(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)禁(jin)止(zhi)沿街擺(bai)列妝(zhuang)奩(lian),以示夸耀;喪禮(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)許擺(bai)酒設(she)宴(yan)(yan)、搭臺(tai)作(zuo)戲(xi)。除此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),還對日常生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)方(fang)面(mian)諸(zhu)如居處、穿衣、戴(dai)帽(mao)、宴(yan)(yan)會(hui)(hui)、禮(li)(li)尚往來(lai)等(deng)作(zuo)出量化(hua)從儉(jian)的(de)(de)細致規(gui)定。為使各(ge)項規(gui)定符合習(xi)俗又切(qie)實可行(xing)(xing),左懋第(di)征(zheng)求(qiu)(qiu)各(ge)階層的(de)(de)意見,用了(le)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)月時(shi)間才得以定稿(gao),公示于(yu)眾,要求(qiu)(qiu)縉紳士民(min)“各(ge)守(shou)其(qi)應得之(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)”,如有違犯(fan),“許鄉約鄰佑(you)地(di)方(fang)舉報”。因為這(zhe)些措施事先(xian)征(zheng)求(qiu)(qiu)了(le)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)(ge)階層的(de)(de)意見,先(xian)在(zai)(zai)鄉紳中(zhong)(zhong)試行(xing)(xing)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)月,之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)順利地(di)在(zai)(zai)全縣(xian)推(tui)開(kai)。大(da)戶人家婚(hun)(hun)(hun)喪嫁(jia)(jia)娶時(shi)率先(xian)遵守(shou)《崇(chong)(chong)(chong)儉(jian)書》的(de)(de)規(gui)定,一(yi)(yi)般百姓(xing)紛紛效仿(fang),社會(hui)(hui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)為之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)變。左懋第(di)為韓(han)(han)城(cheng)百姓(xing)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)作(zuo)出了(le)影響(xiang)后(hou)(hou)世幾百年的(de)(de)方(fang)向性設(she)計(ji),大(da)大(da)減輕了(le)人民(min)的(de)(de)負擔,受到廣大(da)百姓(xing)特別是貧苦農民(min)的(de)(de)歡迎。三(san)百多年過去了(le),《崇(chong)(chong)(chong)儉(jian)書》歷久彌新,韓(han)(han)城(cheng)百姓(xing)至今仍(reng)然(ran)遵守(shou)著左懋第(di)立下(xia)的(de)(de)很多規(gui)矩,早已成為傳(chuan)統(tong)文化(hua)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)。
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)還(huan)十(shi)分注重(zhong)發展(zhan)文化教(jiao)育(yu)事業,弘揚(yang)社(she)(she)(she)會正(zheng)氣。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)六年(nian),盡管兵荒馬亂,多(duo)(duo)災多(duo)(duo)難,但左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)仍(reng)做出了(le)(le)令(ling)人(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)績。崇禎七年(nian)(1634),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)充任(ren)陜西(xi)鄉試(shi)考官,錄(lu)取(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)11人(ren),韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅(jin)有(you)1人(ren)考上(shang)(shang)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)受(shou)到(dao)很大(da)觸動(dong),內心深感不(bu)(bu)(bu)安,認為(wei)(wei)自(zi)己負有(you)責任(ren)。回到(dao)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在全(quan)縣選拔優秀生員,成(cheng)立“尊經(jing)(jing)社(she)(she)(she)”,每月兩(liang)次親(qin)(qin)自(zi)到(dao)明(ming)倫堂講解經(jing)(jing)書,學(xue)生常常“執經(jing)(jing)問難于前,竟日乃已。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)努力(li)取(qu)(qu)得(de)了(le)(le)實效。三年(nian)后(hou),陜西(xi)鄉試(shi)中韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)8人(ren)中舉,全(quan)部是(shi)(shi)“尊經(jing)(jing)社(she)(she)(she)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)生。《韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣志(zhi)》載:“韓(han)(han)(han)(han)人(ren)知(zhi)通經(jing)(jing)學(xue)古自(zi)公(gong)始(shi)。丙子(zi)(zi)登科(ke)者(zhe)八人(ren),皆(jie)社(she)(she)(she)中士,其余澤也。”“由是(shi)(shi)捷書蟬聯,至(zhi)今為(wei)(wei)國家楨者(zhe),先(xian)生開之(zhi)(zhi)也。”韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)崇文重(zhong)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)風興起,人(ren)才(cai)(cai)輩出,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)棟梁之(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)開重(zhong)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)風,還(huan)十(shi)分注重(zhong)宣(xuan)揚(yang)社(she)(she)(she)會正(zheng)氣。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)“東海(hai)孝(xiao)子(zi)(zi)”之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),曾為(wei)(wei)父(fu)親(qin)(qin)守(shou)孝(xiao)三年(nian),因父(fu)親(qin)(qin)葬在蘿石山上(shang)(shang),遂自(zi)號蘿石,終身不(bu)(bu)(bu)忘父(fu)親(qin)(qin)養育(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)恩(en)。在韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)自(zi)己侍奉母親(qin)(qin)起居盡心盡力(li),無微不(bu)(bu)(bu)至(zhi),還(huan)重(zhong)刻《孝(xiao)經(jing)(jing)》一(yi)(yi)書,號召百姓講究(jiu)孝(xiao)道(dao),懂得(de)孝(xiao)親(qin)(qin)大(da)義。有(you)一(yi)(yi)縣民因犯事被押到(dao)縣衙,懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)聽(ting)說他家里(li)尚(shang)有(you)老母需要侍候(hou),即放(fang)回。久之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)免有(you)人(ren)作假。懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)說:我并(bing)(bing)非不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)道(dao),但是(shi)(shi)從長(chang)遠(yuan)來看,孝(xiao)親(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)風興起,所得(de)必多(duo)(duo)啊。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)程氏妻燕氏,面(mian)對盜賊(zei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利刃毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)畏懼,以(yi)身護(hu)住婆母,“賊(zei)感其孝(xiao),舍之(zhi)(zhi)而去。”懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)得(de)知(zhi),立即上(shang)(shang)奏朝廷,請求旌表。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)芝川為(wei)(wei)宋代太師張升(sheng)故(gu)里(li),張升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)官耿直,懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)作詩贊揚(yang)他:“吾想君子(zi)(zi)直,亭亭山上(shang)(shang)松(song)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)整修司(si)馬遷墓,撰寫(xie)(xie)《祭司(si)馬子(zi)(zi)長(chang)文》,贊其豐功偉(wei)績。又修繕蘇(su)(su)武(wu)(wu)墓,撰寫(xie)(xie)《新漢典屬國蘇(su)(su)子(zi)(zi)卿墓垣記》,對蘇(su)(su)武(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)節操給予了(le)(le)極(ji)高(gao)評價。修建白(bai)公(gong)祠,歌(ge)頌白(bai)居易關心民生疾(ji)苦的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)懷。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這些做法,向(xiang)社(she)(she)(she)會傳(chuan)達了(le)(le)純正(zheng)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風氣。尤其是(shi)(shi)蘇(su)(su)武(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神,對左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)本(ben)人(ren)影響很深,為(wei)(wei)他出使清廷不(bu)(bu)(bu)屈殉(xun)國埋下(xia)了(le)(le)伏(fu)筆。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)治(zhi)理韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)六年(nian),時(shi)間不(bu)(bu)(bu)長(chang),但政(zheng)績斐然,展(zhan)示了(le)(le)出色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理政(zheng)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)。他深知(zhi)職責所在,心系百姓,體察民情(qing),換來了(le)(le)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)普遍擁戴,人(ren)們把他與司(si)馬遷、蘇(su)(su)武(wu)(wu)、郭子(zi)(zi)儀、白(bai)居易并(bing)(bing)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“禹門五賢(xian)”。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷史上(shang)(shang)先(xian)后(hou)建有(you)十(shi)座(zuo)杰出名(ming)人(ren)祠,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)占了(le)(le)兩(liang)座(zuo),一(yi)(yi)處左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)公(gong)祠,一(yi)(yi)處蘿石祠;韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)宦祠里(li)供奉十(shi)位先(xian)賢(xian),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又是(shi)(shi)其中之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),可見(jian)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在韓(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)心目中的(de)(de)(de)(de)崇高(gao)地位。
3、其他記載
崇禎三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1630年(nian)(nian)(nian)),左懋(mao)第(di)鄉試中(zhong)(zhong)山東第(di)二(er)名舉(ju)人,次年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)士。懋(mao)第(di)任(ren)陜(shan)西韓城令,崇禎十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1639年(nian)(nian)(nian))官(guan)戶科給事中(zhong)(zhong),上書提出時局有四(si)弊:民窮、兵弱、臣工推諉(wei)、國計虛耗(hao)。升太(tai)常(chang)寺正卿,右僉都(dou)御史。十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian),督催漕運,道中(zhong)(zhong)馳疏言:“臣自靜海抵臨清,見(jian)人民饑(ji)死(si)者三,疫死(si)者三,為盜(dao)者四(si)。米(mi)石銀二(er)十(shi)四(si)兩(liang),人死(si)取以食。惟圣明垂(chui)念(nian)。”崇禎十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1643年(nian)(nian)(nian))秋,出巡長江防(fang)務,不久北都(dou)淪陷,其母陳(chen)氏絕(jue)食而死(si)。
清兵入關,左懋第被任(ren)為兵部右侍(shi)郎兼右僉都御史,以陳(chen)洪范、馬紹愉為副使(shi),前往(wang)北京,通好(hao)議和。
左懋(mao)第(di)開(kai)始(shi)時(shi)反對議和(he)(he)(he),極力(li)(li)主戰(zhan),并請求撥給他(ta)(ta)人馬,以(yi)收復(fu)失地,恢復(fu)大明(ming)江山.但(dan)未(wei)(wei)獲批(pi)準。繼而(er)他(ta)(ta)又拒絕出(chu)使(shi)議和(he)(he)(he),請求安(an)(an)宗(zong)皇帝改(gai)派(pai)他(ta)(ta)人出(chu)使(shi),也未(wei)(wei)被(bei)接(jie)受。左懋(mao)第(di)深織赴京議和(he)(he)(he),如同(tong)與虎(hu)謀皮,希望渺茫,但(dan)君命難違(wei),只能(neng)照辦。臨行前(qian),他(ta)(ta)力(li)(li)勸安(an)(an)宗(zong)皇帝“時(shi)時(shi)以(yi)先帝之(zhi)仇、北都之(zhi)恥為(wei)念”, “勿以(yi)北行為(wei)和(he)(he)(he)議必成,勿以(yi)和(he)(he)(he)成為(wei)足恃”。提醒南明(ming)王朝不要期(qi)望和(he)(he)(he)議一定(ding)能(neng)成功,即使(shi)議和(he)(he)(he)成功,也不一定(ding)是可(ke)以(yi)信(xin)賴的,主張(zhang)以(yi)武力(li)(li)保平安(an)(an)。“夫(fu)能(neng)渡河(he)(he)而(er)戰(zhan),始(shi)能(neng)扼(e)河(he)(he)而(er)守(shou),必能(neng)扼(e)河(he)(he)面守(shou),始(shi)能(neng)畫江而(er)安(an)(an).’強調以(yi)天(tian)下(xia)為(wei)重,以(yi)恥仇為(wei)念,以(yi)淪陷(xian)之(zhi)民(min)為(wei)憂,要整(zheng)軍(jun)傷兵(bing),以(yi)田恢復(fu)大業。
左(zuo)懋第對(dui)北(bei)行議(yi)和的危(wei)險也深(shen)有預料。他在(zai)一封信中說,
“懋(mao)第(di)此行,是懋(mao)第(di)死(si)日也。”立(li)志要“效宋之文天樣”,“留正氣于千古。”
崇禎(zhen)十七年(nian)十月(yue)初,揩(kai)二副(fu)使及隨(sui)從(cong)百(bai)(bai)余人至北(bei)京張家灣,住進鴻(hong)臚(lu)寺。懋第在鴻(hong)臚(lu)寺陳(chen)設(she)太牢,率(lv)隨(sui)員北(bei)面哭祭三日。十月(yue)二十七日多(duo)(duo)爾(er)袞(gun)釋(shi)放左(zuo)懋第南歸(gui)。左(zuo)等走出永定門(men),馮(feng)詮勸多(duo)(duo)爾(er)袞(gun)不要(yao)“放虎(hu)歸(gui)山”,十一(yi)月(yue)十四日多(duo)(duo)爾(er)袞(gun)遣百(bai)(bai)騎在滄(cang)州追回,被扣留在北(bei)京太醫院,墻(qiang)上(shang)遍布(bu)荊棘,自(zi)言:“生為(wei)明(ming)(ming)臣,死為(wei)明(ming)(ming)鬼(gui),我志(zhi)也。”為(wei)了擊退清(qing)王朝的(de)利誘(you)勸降,他寫了“生為(wei)大(da)明(ming)(ming)忠臣,死為(wei)大(da)明(ming)(ming)忠鬼(gui)”的(de)對(dui)聯貼在門(men)上(shang)。一(yi)則明(ming)(ming)志(zhi),一(yi)則堵(du)勸降說客之口。他還(huan)畫了一(yi)幅蘇武牧羊(yang)畫像,掛在墻(qiang)上(shang)以自(zi)勵。
弘光元(yuan)年(nian)閏六(liu)月十五日頒布剃發令,隨(sui)員艾(ai)大(da)選遵(zun)旨薙(ti)發,懋第(di)(di)將其亂棍打死(si),清廷前(qian)來(lai)(lai)責問(wen)(wen),懋第(di)(di)曰:“吾自行我(wo)法,殺我(wo)人,與(yu)若何預?”清廷設“太(tai)平宴(yan)”宴(yan)請,懋第(di)(di)拒食。又遣洪(hong)承疇前(qian)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)降,左(zuo)(zuo)懋第(di)(di)說(shuo)(shuo):“此鬼(gui)也。洪(hong)督師(shi)在松山死(si)節,先(xian)帝(di)(di)賜祭九(jiu)壇,今(jin)日安得更(geng)生(sheng)?”洪(hong)承疇慚愧(kui)而(er)退。李建泰又來(lai)(lai)勸(quan)(quan)降,左(zuo)(zuo)懋第(di)(di)怒斥(chi)說(shuo)(shuo):“老奴尚在?先(xian)帝(di)(di)寵餞,勒(le)兵剿賊,既不(bu)殉國(guo),又失身(shen)焉(yan),何面(mian)目見我(wo)?”左(zuo)(zuo)懋第(di)(di)又責問(wen)(wen)勸(quan)(quan)降的(de)堂兄(xiong)弟(di)左(zuo)(zuo)懋泰:“此非吾弟(di)也?”隨(sui)之(zhi)將其叱離。多爾袞大(da)怒,親自提審懋第(di)(di),懋第(di)(di)直(zhi)立不(bu)跪。當問(wen)(wen)道:“你為何不(bu)肯剃頭?”左(zuo)(zuo)懋第(di)(di)回答:“頭可(ke)(ke)斷,發不(bu)可(ke)(ke)斷!”金之(zhi)俊勸(quan)(quan)他:“先(xian)生(sheng)何不(bu)知興廢!”左(zuo)(zuo)懋第(di)(di)針鋒相(xiang)對(dui)答道:“汝何不(bu)知羞恥!”多爾袞知其不(bu)可(ke)(ke)降,閏六(liu)月十九(jiu)日,命(ming)左(zuo)(zuo)右推出宣武門(men)外菜市口處(chu)死(si)。
臨刑時,左懋第南向再(zai)拜說:“臣等(deng)事大明之(zhi)心盡矣。”有絕命(ming)詩:“峽坼巢(chao)封歸路(lu)迥,片(pian)云南下(xia)意如何;丹忱碧血消難盡,蕩作寒煙總(zong)不磨(mo)。”隨(sui)員陳(chen)用極、王一斌、張良佐、王廷佐、劉(liu)統等(deng)人皆不屈而(er)死。
左(zuo)懋第(di)著有《梅花屋詩抄》一卷,《蘿石山房(fang)文抄》四卷,《左(zuo)忠貞公剩(sheng)稿》四卷。
《姜烈士(shi)正芳(fang)傳》作者:左 懋 第
姜(jiang)正(zheng)芳(fang)(fang),邑(yi)人,居(ju)邑(yi)西北五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)許(xu)〔指(zhi)今柏(bo)林莊鎮小埠頂村〕。少有(you)(you)力,能弓(gong)矢及劍。值海上(shang)備倭,應(ying)登州(zhou)壯士募,欲殺(sha)賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)立功(gong)名。后事已,罷(ba)歸農。軀長(chang)健勇(yong)而樸誠,好解斗。有(you)(you)兄弟(di)十(shi)年訟者,合之(zhi)無(wu)異詞。又知(zhi)書,時說古今成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)敗(bai)事,髯(ran)眉為(wei)動。崇禎二(er)年己巳(si),年已六十(shi)。際〔遇〕董大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)〔今屬柏(bo)林莊鎮劉(liu)(liu)家(jia)疃村人〕亂。大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亦邑(yi)人,恃勇(yong)好亂敗(bai)產(chan),多結惡少。會妖賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)李〔指(zhi)傳白(bai)蓮教(jiao)的李盛(sheng)明〕,不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)何地(di)人,能術煽齊民(min),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)陰受(shou)約為(wei)從〔大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)暗(an)地(di)里(li)(li)接受(shou)他的密約,跟從他造(zao)反〕。有(you)(you)招遠許(xu)湯(tang),殺(sha)催稅隸叛據腰山(shan)〔今稱(cheng)窯山(shan),在譚格(ge)莊鎮北〕。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)湯(tang)夙盟,疑(yi)不(bu)(bu)定,遂出城散徒(tu)掠人為(wei)盜,三(san)日(ri),得三(san)千(qian)人。聚邑(yi)西劉(liu)(liu)家(jia)莊,待與(yu)俱(ju)東去。芳(fang)(fang)居(ju)西南一(yi)里(li)(li),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)率騎至其家(jia)。芳(fang)(fang)不(bu)(bu)避(bi),為(wei)開陳大(da)難, 不(bu)(bu)易發,當早(zao)(zao)寢(qin)〔早(zao)(zao)早(zao)(zao)停息(xi)〕。不(bu)(bu)應(ying),反迫與(yu)俱(ju)。芳(fang)(fang)度〔考慮〕其黨已發,不(bu)(bu)可說,又徒(tu)死無(wu)益,佯應(ying)之(zhi)。且紿〔音迨,同(tong)詒(yi),欺騙〕之(zhi)曰:汝事舉三(san)余日(ri)矣,官軍(jun)得無(wu)知(zhi)者?三(san)千(qian)人而抱頭聚,若(ruo)軍(jun)至,何以應(ying)?成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)曰:奈何?芳(fang)(fang)教(jiao)以分為(wei)五(wu)(wu),皆里(li)(li)許(xu)隔,變可相聞。賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)從之(zhi)。日(ri)暮,果分為(wei)五(wu)(wu),北者近(jin)芳(fang)(fang)居(ju),賊(zei)(zei)(zei)(zei)腹(fu)心則居(ju)中。
十一月(yue)廿三(san)夜(ye),晦〔天黑〕不(bu)(bu)(bu)見人(ren)。芳(fang)(fang)(fang)喜,潛至其(qi)東(dong)南西,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)語曰(yue)(yue):官(guan)兵(bing)至矣(yi),吾儕(chai)chai〔我(wo)等(deng)〕皆(jie)(jie)(jie)良人(ren),今無死所。如聞(wen)戰(zhan)斗(dou)聲,宜(yi)(yi)各為計(ji)。掠人(ren)〔被掠之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)〕皆(jie)(jie)(jie)惶迫,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知所為。芳(fang)(fang)(fang)因至中語曰(yue)(yue):官(guan)軍已至〔大(da)成〕村(cun)后矣(yi),宜(yi)(yi)力敵勿怠(dai)。大(da)成及(ji)諸(zhu)腹心俱鹵騃〔癡愚,鹵,通魯。騃,音似〕,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知兵(bing)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)懼而(er)(er)強諾(nuo)焉。芳(fang)(fang)(fang)又說其(qi)北(bei)(bei)近居(ju)者曰(yue)(yue):官(guan)軍自南來,汝(ru)等(deng)宜(yi)(yi)大(da)呼(hu)(hu)示(shi)人(ren)眾,至便梃擊(ji)無失。亦應曰(yue)(yue):諾(nuo)。因大(da)呼(hu)(hu),居(ju)中者聞(wen)呼(hu)(hu)亦大(da)呼(hu)(hu)。引人(ren)北(bei)(bei)向,梃相接溷〔混亂〕擊(ji)焉。其(qi)東(dong)南西聞(wen)呼(hu)(hu)及(ji)戰(zhan)斗(dou)聲,大(da)恐,亦大(da)呼(hu)(hu),盡逃去戰(zhan)。賊聞(wen)呼(hu)(hu)亦亂。逮〔等(deng)到〕辨聲諗為芳(fang)(fang)(fang)計(ji),而(er)(er)成已偕(xie)從董平(ping)馳(chi)騎遁東(dong)埠。尋而(er)(er)告(gao)語之(zhi)(zhi),怒回呼(hu)(hu)芳(fang)(fang)(fang)。芳(fang)(fang)(fang)應之(zhi)(zhi)途曰(yue)(yue):我(wo)為汝(ru)練兵(bing)耳。成曰(yue)(yue):汝(ru)亂吾兵(bing),何練為?芳(fang)(fang)(fang)曰(yue)(yue):汝(ru)新集兵(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可戰(zhan), 試(shi)恐以官(guan)軍走矣(yi),況親至者乎?欲圖事
須入與(yu)我謀。因(yin)延至其(qi)(qi)家。成與(yu)眾賊因(yin)人(ren)多(duo)逃,皆搖(yao)亂無定見,遂(sui)信(xin)之。芳(fang)欲堅(jian)其(qi)(qi)入〔堅(jian)定其(qi)(qi)進入之決心〕,曰:兵(bing)未散(san)者,尚五六(liu)百人(ren),可駐我門前,但(dan)腹心入與(yu)謀。成遂(sui)及其(qi)(qi)腹心六(liu)七人(ren)入。芳(fang)為(wei)設坐,具燈火笑曰:俱饑矣,我具食(shi)。
芳(fang)(fang)三子(zi)(zi),長別居(ju);次渭(wei)經,抱布貿;渭(wei)明(ming),嫁花(hua)草竹木以生。時長子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)春在(zai)焉。芳(fang)(fang)出(chu)屬〔通(tong)囑(zhu)〕經視(shi)前(qian)門(men),明(ming)視(shi)后(hou)門(men)。矯(jiao)〔假傳〕賊(zei)(zei)令,勿(wu)(wu)使一人(ren)入(ru)(ru)。屬其孫從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)〔囑(zhu)咐他的孫子(zi)(zi)跟從他〕。孫問所以,芳(fang)(fang)曰:賊(zei)(zei)入(ru)(ru)我(wo)彀中矣。待就食,我(wo)從旁(pang)斫董賊(zei)(zei)死(si)。我(wo)雖老尚健,可抵三四人(ren)。魁死(si)〔頭目死(si)〕,余(yu)鳥獸散,不(bu)(bu)足畏即不(bu)(bu)幸為賊(zei)(zei)殺,舉(ju)家(jia)以良百姓。殺賊(zei)(zei)死(si),不(bu)(bu)愈于作賊(zei)(zei)死(si)乎?汝勿(wu)(wu)語諸(zhu)婦人(ren),但促具食。芳(fang)(fang)因(yin)(yin)入(ru)(ru), 酌酒董賊(zei)(zei)前(qian)又遍酌諸(zhu)腹心,以麥湯(tang)飲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。成等皆就食,惟一賊(zei)(zei)魯東明(ming)者不(bu)(bu)食,持鐵叉立成傍目芳(fang)(fang)。芳(fang)(fang)疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因(yin)(yin)自思曰:過此瞬恐無及,吾(wu)當并斫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。因(yin)(yin)取其衣下藏刀斫大成,未及。東明(ming)格之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),錚有聲。大成驚拔佩刀起應之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
諸(zhu)賊舍食起拔刀。芳知不濟,持刀趨出門,呼:馬安在(zai)?得(de)賊馬聳乘之(zhi)。大呼曰:人或逆我〔誰如阻止我〕,死矣。于是群賊隨(sui)出大呼曰:圍之(zhi)勿令走(zou)(zou)。門前諸(zhu)賊圍之(zhi)數匝(za)。芳力斫(zhuo),殺(sha)三(san)(san)四人。馳(chi)數十步,群矛環刺焉,遂墜馬被(bei)縛。賊乃入收其(qi)家當。堂中亂,婦女多(duo)走(zou)(zou)。時賊約(yue)不掠,婦女多(duo)混鄰(lin)居(ju)以免。其(qi)長(chang)孫亦走(zou)(zou)免。惟渭(wei)經、渭(wei)明被(bei)執,孫三(san)(san)人亂殺(sha)死。盡焚其(qi)廬舍。
大(da)成以兵環〔包圍〕芳并其子(zi),罵(ma)曰:汝何為(wei)計殺(sha)我?芳曰:殺(sha)汝不中,命(ming)也(ye)。但早死(si)耳。賊(zei)(zei)怒,罵(ma)曰:何易求(qiu)死(si),命(ming)取(qu)水灌三人,寒凍之(zhi)(zhi)。群刺以矛,體無(wu)(wu)完膚,遂(sui)刳(ku)心剖腸。終無(wu)(wu)餒(nei)詞〔始終沒有屈服〕。芳既死(si),賊(zei)(zei)眾漸集,又(you)遣人分(fen)掠得千人。廿四日,遂(sui)攻(gong)邑(yi)城(cheng)。廿五(wu)日又(you)攻(gong),皆(jie)不克。后遂(sui)益賊(zei)(zei)至(zhi)五(wu)千人,圍城(cheng)焚外(wai)關。十二(er)月(yue),登兵〔登州府之(zhi)(zhi)兵〕至(zhi),與戰,賊(zei)(zei)敗走。追殺(sha)平之(zhi)(zhi)。大(da)成同左龍西皆(jie)走出。至(zhi)蒙陰縣,典史(shi)王擒殺(sha)之(zhi)(zhi),梟其首(shou),傳之(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)懸(xuan)示〔懸(xuan)首(shou)示眾〕焉(yan)。典史(shi),山(shan)海關人。
左子曰:董賊(zei)(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變,余(yu)時為諸生(sheng)。聞(wen)有賊(zei)(zei),士民皆(jie)乘(cheng)城。賊(zei)(zei)方駐西埠外,久不(bu)(bu)來攻城。至夜(ye)聞(wen)眾(zhong)呼聲(sheng),城者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰:賊(zei)(zei)其有恐與,不(bu)(bu)知芳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為也。芳以野老,未沾大官斗米,而散(san)賊(zei)(zei)殺賊(zei)(zei),以必死(si)謀賊(zei)(zei),何烈(lie)也。韓愈(yu)論(lun)張許:守一(yi)(yi)城捍天下(xia)(xia),以千(qian)百(bai)就盡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒,戰百(bai)萬(wan)方滋(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寇,蔽遮(zhe)江淮(huai),阻遏其勢(shi)。天下(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)亡(wang),其誰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功?余(yu)謂(wei)萊陽門未及,土(tu)賊(zei)(zei)乘(cheng)新集之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢(shi),卒薄城下(xia)(xia),事未可知。夜(ye)散(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),殺其勢(shi)而緩其攻,以益〔增加(jia)〕城中一(yi)(yi)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備,遂(sui)得獲(huo)奸內靖,眾(zhong)志鼓厲。萊陽不(bu)(bu)亡(wang),不(bu)(bu)可謂(wei)非(fei)芳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功。事雖小,大懸殊:愈(yu)〔韓愈(yu)〕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言益信夫(fu)。余(yu)嘗(chang)拜其墓,見三墳為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流涕。因過其門:廬舍(she)皆(jie)燼。孫十四人,賊(zei)(zei)殺其三,余(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)垢(gou)敝。妻(qi)王年六十余(yu),依墻結茅以居。乘(cheng)軒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)〔即當官的。軒,古代高官乘(cheng)坐的一(yi)(yi)種有圍棚或帷幕的車〕未嘗(chang)一(yi)(yi)問(wen),匹夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節,不(bu)(bu)亦悲乎?
左(zuo)懋第為(wei)(wei)人正直,敢于直言進諫(jian)。崇禎(zhen)年間(jian),大明矛盾重(zhong)重(zhong)、危(wei)機四伏(fu),陷入內外交困之中(zhong),內有(you)李自成農民軍縱(zong)橫半天(tian)下,外有(you)清兵屢(lv)次(ci)入侵,邊防(fang)破敗,天(tian)災頻仍,三餉加派,竭盡民脂,吏治腐朽,民不聊生。統治集團內部爭權奪(duo)利。身為(wei)(wei)朝(chao)廷言官的左(zuo)懋第憂心如焚,他屢(lv)次(ci)上疏,針砭(bian)時(shi)弊,提出救國(guo)救民之策,為(wei)(wei)朝(chao)野所(suo)矚目。
左(zuo)懋(mao)第從民(min)族利(li)益出(chu)發,多(duo)次向(xiang)當政(zheng)者(zhe)提(ti)出(chu)治國(guo)的正(zheng)確(que)主張。左(zuo)懋(mao)第被擢升(sheng)為(wei)戶科給事中后(hou),尖銳指斥民(min)窮、兵弱、臣工推諉、國(guo)計虛耗這四種時弊,提(ti)醒(xing)明王朝加(jia)以(yi)解決。為(wei)減輕(qing)勞(lao)動人民(min)的負擔(dan),緩和(he)階級矛盾,以(yi)有(you)利(li)于鞏固封建(jian)統治,較好(hao)地進行(xing)與(yu)崛起于關外(wai)的滿族的民(min)族斗爭(zheng),他屢次上書(shu)奏請納監、出(chu)錢贖罪、廣開財源(yuan),行(xing)平倉法(fa)、監法(fa)及減輕(qing)賦(fu)稅,輸粟邊塞、以(yi)充(chong)軍糧(liang)。
后來,左(zuo)懋第又改任刑(xing)科給事(shi)中,仍(reng)不斷提出減輕(qing)人民負擔的奏(zou)請。
初入諫垣,左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)便上(shang)疏要(yao)求停止三(san)餉(xiang)(xiang)加派,在他和其他大(da)臣的(de)苦(ku)諫下(xia),崇禎十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(1640年(nian)),崇禎帝(di)(di)宣布停征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)剿餉(xiang)(xiang)。左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)請馬(ma)上(shang)公告天下(xia),免(mian)得地(di)(di)方開征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),小民不(bu)得實惠,崇禎帝(di)(di)采納了他的(de)建(jian)(jian)議。當年(nian)三(san)月,北京(jing)大(da)風不(bu)止,左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)又借天變上(shang)言,直陳時政缺失。他指(zhi)出(chu):朝廷雖(sui)然數次下(xia)詔(zhao)減兵省餉(xiang)(xiang),但小民卻(que)日困一日。原因在于朝廷免(mian)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),而地(di)(di)方催征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),貪官污吏借機中(zhong)飽(bao)私(si)囊(nang)。欲(yu)除此弊,必須公開各(ge)地(di)(di)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)賦之數,讓小民明白,使貪官無法(fa)作(zuo)奸。停征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)加賦,必須嚴令各(ge)地(di)(di)實行,不(bu)許各(ge)級層層追(zhui)加,這樣(yang)才(cai)能使皇帝(di)(di)的(de)恩惠潤澤萬民。崇禎帝(di)(di)很贊賞他的(de)建(jian)(jian)議,下(xia)令免(mian)掉上(shang)災七十(shi)五州(zhou)縣新、舊、練三(san)餉(xiang)(xiang),中(zhong)災六十(shi)八州(zhou)縣新、舊二餉(xiang)(xiang),下(xia)災三(san)十(shi)八州(zhou)縣三(san)餉(xiang)(xiang)緩征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。
崇(chong)禎十四年(nian)(1641年(nian)),左懋第(di)奉命督辦漕運(yun),即督辦自江(jiang)南沿運(yun)河向(xiang)京城(cheng)運(yun)送糧(liang)食。當時(shi)江(jiang)南發(fa)生饑荒,遍地餓殍,饑民的反抗時(shi)有(you)發(fa)生。從統(tong)治階(jie)級的整體利益出發(fa),左懋第(di)多次向(xiang)崇(chong)楨皇(huang)帝上書,請求放(fang)糧(liang)贍災。并發(fa)出了“贍救安可(ke)不變”的呼(hu)吁,為民請命。當時(shi)明王(wang)朝兵連(lian)禍結。國庫空虛,民族矛(mao)盾(dun)和階(jie)級矛(mao)盾(dun)空前激烈,內外交困,處于風(feng)雨飄(piao)搖之(zhi)中,左懋第(di)的意(yi)見未被采納(na)。
崇禎(zhen)十六年(1643年)秋,左懋第出巡長江(jiang)防務(wu)。尚未返(fan)京。
明(ming)朝(chao)末年(nian),國家(jia)內憂外患,危機四伏,大廈將傾,萊(lai)陽進士左懋第(di)卻登上(shang)了(le)人(ren)生最壯美的舞(wu)臺。他治理韓(han)城,政績(ji)優異,考選欽定第(di)一,由知縣(xian)擢升(sheng)朝(chao)中(zhong)擔任要職,成為崇(chong)禎皇帝信任的股肱之臣。崇(chong)禎甲申清兵(bing)入關,國難當(dang)頭,他挺(ting)身(shen)而(er)出,與攝政王(wang)多爾袞唇槍舌劍,堅(jian)決維護(hu)大明(ming)尊嚴。面(mian)對酷刑(xing)和威(wei)逼利誘,他寧作大明(ming)鬼(gui),不當(dang)清朝(chao)王(wang),成為比肩文天(tian)祥(xiang)的民族(zu)英雄。
清乾隆四(si)十(shi)一(yi)年(1776年)欽定殉節(jie)錄,賜(si)專謚“忠貞(zhen)”,祀(si)本邑鄉賢(xian)、韓(han)城名宦祠,萊(lai)陽又建左(zuo)公祠,春(chun)秋次丁致(zhi)祭。韓(han)城人建祠與漢代(dai)的蘇(su)武(wu)并祀(si)。
左(zuo)(zuo)懋第(di)墓(mu)(mu)位于山東(dong)省煙臺市萊陽市沐浴店鎮北旺村(cun)東(dong)北左(zuo)(zuo)家(jia)瑩(ying),距村(cun)約700米,該(gai)墓(mu)(mu)原(yuan)葬地在(zai)柏林莊鎮東(dong)南方向(xiang)羅石頂上。1952年(nian)部隊營(ying)房建設(she)時其后裔將此墓(mu)(mu)遷(qian)至該(gai)處左(zuo)(zuo)姓居住的(de)北旺村(cun)左(zuo)(zuo)家(jia)瑩(ying)內。墓(mu)(mu)區有墓(mu)(mu)冢3座成品(pin)字(zi)形排(pai)列,懋第(di)墓(mu)(mu)立龍頭碑陰刻“恩寵”二(er)字(zi),乾隆41年(nian)追謚“忠(zhong)貞”,贈禮(li)部尚書(shu),墓(mu)(mu)志是清嘉慶十二(er)年(nian)(1808年(nian))敕(chi)授文林郎(lang)萊陽知縣延君壽敬(jing)題(ti)的(de),由左(zuo)(zuo)氏五世孫寅文立石。
左(zuo)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)建于康(kang)熙四十年(nian)(nian)(1701年(nian)(nian)),山東(dong)學政僉(qian)事徐炯(jiong)主(zhu)持(chi),在萊(lai)陽修建左(zuo)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci),萊(lai)陽人(ren)踴(yong)躍捐款,贊襄其事。乾隆十五年(nian)(nian)(1750年(nian)(nian)),萊(lai)陽知縣郝大倫重修左(zuo)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)。位于今天萊(lai)陽工人(ren)文化宮西(xi)側,七星街東(dong)側。祠(ci)(ci)堂整個院(yuan)落(luo)占(zhan)地約10畝(mu)。大門朝西(xi),有三(san)間(jian)正殿,客房三(san)間(jian),雜房三(san)間(jian),裙(qun)房10余(yu)間(jian)。左(zuo)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)在他做知縣的山西(xi)韓城有一座(zuo),與萊(lai)陽祠(ci)(ci)相似。