龍睛金魚指的是(shi)脊椎動(dong)物門的一(yi)種魚類,其一(yi)般體長15~20厘米。體側扁而高,體較(jiao)厚,腹部(bu)圓。一(yi)般體背面灰(hui)黑色(se),腹面銀灰(hui)色(se),各(ge)鰭條灰(hui)白色(se)。因生長水(shui)域不同,體色(se)深淺(qian)有差異。喜(xi)棲于水(shui)草(cao)叢生的淺(qian)水(shui)河灣與湖泊(bo)沿(yan)岸水(shui)域,生命(ming)力較(jiao)強,甚至在低氧、堿性較(jiao)大的不良水(shui)體中也能生長繁殖。
龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)金魚依體色(se)可分(fen)為(wei)紅(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、紫(zi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)白(bai)花(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、五花(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、朱砂眼(yan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、紫(zi)藍花(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、喜鵲花(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)頭花(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)晴等(deng)品系。其變(bian)異的品種有紅(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、紫(zi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、藍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、五花(hua)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)、四球(qiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)、紅(hong)頭龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)以及各色(se)的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)翻鰓、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)(jing)球(qiu)翻鰓帽子等(deng)。
龍(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)。即雙(shuang)眼(yan)(yan)向(xiang)兩側橫(heng)向(xiang)凸出的(de)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu),屠隆(long)在(zai)《金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)品》中(zhong)記(ji)載了明代已有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)種(zhong)變(bian)異,而(er)(er)且當時人(ren)們(men)還以“眼(yan)(yan)貴(gui)于紅(hong)凸”的(de)魚(yu)品為(wei)(wei)尚。在(zai)以后有(you)(you)(you)關金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)的(de)著作中(zhong),人(ren)們(men)將(jiang)“眼(yan)(yan)若(ruo)銅鈴”的(de)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)視為(wei)(wei)佳種(zhong),《金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)飼育法》中(zhong)將(jiang)“身(shen)粗而(er)(er)勻,尾大而(er)(er)正,睛(jing)齊(qi)而(er)(er)稱,體(ti)正而(er)(er)圓,口團而(er)(er)闊。于水中(zhong)起落游動(dong)穩(wen)重平正,無俯仰奔(ben)竄之(zhi)狀(zhuang)”作為(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)鑒(jian)賞(shang)之(zhi)標準。又說“龍(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)魚(yu),此(ci)種(zhong)黑如墨(mo),至(zhi)尺余不(bu)變(bian)色(se)者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)上,謂之(zhi)墨(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)。又有(you)(you)(you)純(chun)白、純(chun)紅(hong)、純(chun)翠者(zhe),有(you)(you)(you)大片紅(hong)花者(zhe)、細(xi)碎紅(hong)點者(zhe)、虎(hu)皮者(zhe)、紅(hong)白翠黑雜花者(zhe),變(bian)幻多種(zhong),不(bu)能(neng)細(xi)述。文(wen)人(ren)每就其花色(se)名之(zhi)。”根據古人(ren)的(de)“看法”,各色(se)龍(long)(long)(long)睛(jing)金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)可(ke)謂琳瑯(lang)滿目,金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)文(wen)化(hua)藝術欣(xin)賞(shang)有(you)(you)(you)紅(hong)龍(long)(long)(long)、白龍(long)(long)(long)、黑龍(long)(long)(long)、花龍(long)(long)(long)、藍(lan)龍(long)(long)(long)、紫(zi)龍(long)(long)(long),有(you)(you)(you)朱砂眼(yan)(yan)、金(jin)(jin)眼(yan)(yan)、銀(yin)眼(yan)(yan)、金(jin)(jin)銀(yin)眼(yan)(yan)、有(you)(you)(you)水晶眼(yan)(yan)、瑪瑙眼(yan)(yan)、琥(hu)珀眼(yan)(yan)、燈籠(long)眼(yan)(yan),有(you)(you)(you)墨(mo)眼(yan)(yan)、雪眼(yan)(yan)、紫(zi)眼(yan)(yan)等等。
至晚清(qing),人們又將(jiang)龍(long)睛金魚(yu)中眼睛向上翻轉的(de)(de)培(pei)育成為朝天(tian)龍(long)金魚(yu),還將(jiang)背鰭退化的(de)(de)培(pei)育成為蛋(dan)種龍(long)睛金魚(yu)
龍(long)睛(jing)(jing)金魚(yu)又稱龍(long)種(zhong)金魚(yu)或龍(long)睛(jing)(jing)。是(shi)金魚(yu)家族中(zhong)的代(dai)表(biao)種(zhong),也是(shi)金魚(yu)家族中(zhong)的主(zhu)要觀賞品種(zhong),被視為(wei)金魚(yu)種(zhong)群之正宗(zong),譽為(wei)金魚(yu)的總代(dai)表(biao)種(zhong)。其(qi)主(zhu)要特征是(shi)體(ti)軀短粗,頭平而寬,尾鰭發達(da)分為(wei)4葉,背(bei)鰭高聳,胸鰭略呈三角(jiao)形,鱗片(pian)圓(yuan)而且大。眼(yan)球突出眼(yan)眶之外,甚(shen)似龍(long)眼(yan),故又名龍(long)睛(jing)(jing)金魚(yu)。
龍睛(jing)金魚的(de)(de)(de)變異(yi)品種(zhong)非常多(duo),有的(de)(de)(de)很(hen)珍貴。比如通(tong)體鳥黑(hei),有黑(hei)牡丹、混江龍之稱的(de)(de)(de)“墨龍睛(jing)”。尾(wei)鰭變異(yi)為(wei)蝶形、游動如蝴(hu)蝶飛舞的(de)(de)(de)墨蝶尾(wei)”。周(zhou)身(shen)12處呈紅色的(de)(de)(de)“十二(er)紅龍睛(jing)”。黑(hei)白斑(ban)紋酷似(si)喜鵲的(de)(de)(de)喜鵲花龍睛(jing)”和外(wai)形與熊貓相(xiang)似(si)的(de)(de)(de)“熊貓金魚”等
為廣適性魚類,無論在(zai)深水(shui)、淺水(shui)、清水(shui)、濁水(shui)、流水(shui)、靜水(shui) 大(da)水(shui)體和小水(shui)體中均可生活。