芒果视频下载

基本介紹

松(song)(song)材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus），該(gai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)屬(shu)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)動物門、線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)綱、滑刃(ren)目(mu)、滑刃(ren)科、傘滑刃(ren)屬(shu)。雌蟲(chong)體長0.81mm，雄體長0.73mm，雌蟲(chong)尾部(bu)近圓錐形，末端圓；雄蟲(chong)尾部(bu)似鳥爪，向腹面彎曲。松(song)(song)材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)病(bing)又稱松(song)(song)枯(ku)萎病(bing)，是一種(zhong)毀滅性蟲(chong)害。它是通過(guo)松(song)(song)墨(mo)天(tian)牛(niu)（Monochamus alternatus）等媒介昆蟲(chong)傳播于(yu)松(song)(song)樹(shu)體內，從(cong)而引發松(song)(song)樹(shu)病(bing)害。被松(song)(song)材線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)感染后的(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)，針葉黃褐色或(huo)紅(hong)褐色，萎蔫下垂，樹(shu)脂分(fen)泌(mi)停止(zhi)，樹(shu)干可(ke)觀(guan)察(cha)到天(tian)牛(niu)侵入孔或(huo)產卵痕(hen)跡，病(bing)樹(shu)整株干枯(ku)死亡，最終腐爛。

松(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)屬于(yu)線(xian)(xian)形(xing)動物(wu)(wu)門，滑(hua)刃目、滑(hua)刃總科、滑(hua)刃科、傘滑(hua)刃屬。是我(wo)國危(wei)害較大(da)的(de)外來入侵物(wu)(wu)種之一（但未被(bei)列入我(wo)國首(shou)批外來入侵物(wu)(wu)種名單）。成蟲(chong)體細長，雌蟲(chong)體長0.81mm，雄體長0.73mm，雌蟲(chong)尾部(bu)近圓(yuan)錐形(xing)，末端(duan)圓(yuan)。雄蟲(chong)尾部(bu)似鳥爪，向腹面(mian)彎曲。1982年(nian)在(zai)南京中山陵首(shou)次(ci)發現，以(yi)后(hou)相繼(ji)在(zai)江(jiang)(jiang)蘇、安徽、廣(guang)東和浙江(jiang)(jiang)等地成災，幾(ji)乎毀滅了在(zai)香港廣(guang)泛(fan)分布的(de)馬尾松(song)林。近距離傳(chuan)(chuan)播主(zhu)(zhu)要靠媒介天(tian)(tian)牛，如松(song)墨天(tian)(tian)牛（Monochamus alternatus），攜帶(dai)傳(chuan)(chuan)播；遠距離主(zhu)(zhu)要靠人為(wei)調運帶(dai)疫（帶(dai)松(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)的(de)天(tian)(tian)牛）的(de)苗木(mu)、松(song)材(cai)、松(song)木(mu)包裝箱及松(song)木(mu)制(zhi)品(pin)等進(jin)行(xing)傳(chuan)(chuan)播。被(bei)松(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)感染后(hou)的(de)松(song)樹(shu)，針(zhen)葉黃褐(he)(he)色或(huo)紅褐(he)(he)色、萎蔫下垂，樹(shu)脂(zhi)分泌停止，在(zai)樹(shu)干上可觀(guan)察到天(tian)(tian)牛侵入孔或(huo)產(chan)卵痕(hen)跡，病樹(shu)整株干枯死亡，木(mu)材(cai)藍(lan)變。嚴(yan)重威脅用材(cai)林。由(you)于(yu)擴(kuo)展迅(xun)速，現已對黃山、張家界(jie)等風景名勝區的(de)天(tian)(tian)然針(zhen)葉林構成了巨大(da)威脅。

常見種類

松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus），該(gai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)屬線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)動物門、線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)綱、滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)(ren)目、滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)(ren)科、傘滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)(ren)屬。目前(qian)傘滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)(ren)屬約(yue)有(you)50多個(ge)種。傘滑(hua)(hua)刃(ren)(ren)屬的(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)多寄生在(zai)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)體內(nei)，和(he)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)死(si)亡(wang)有(you)關(guan)的(de)種主要(yao)(yao)是松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)擬(ni)松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)（Bursaphelenchus mucronatus）。松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)侵染松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)后(hou)使松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)枯死(si)，而(er)擬(ni)松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)也在(zai)很(hen)多地方枯死(si)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)木材(cai)中發(fa)現，但擬(ni)松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)是否能引起松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)死(si)亡(wang)，現在(zai)尚(shang)無定論(lun)。松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)擬(ni)松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)形態(tai)特征非常相似。其主要(yao)(yao)區別在(zai)于雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)尾(wei)部形態(tai)，松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)尾(wei)部鈍圓，而(er)擬(ni)松(song)(song)(song)材(cai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)尾(wei)端有(you)個(ge)尖突(tu)。

生長與分布

生活史

松(song)材(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活史包(bao)括繁殖(zhi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)擴散(san)型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩(liang)個階段，在寄(ji)主(zhu)植物體內，當環境條件不適宜(yi)時(shi)，由繁殖(zhi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)二(er)齡(ling)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（J2）轉變為擴散(san)型(xing)(xing)(xing)三齡(ling)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（JⅢ），并向(xiang)天(tian)(tian)牛蛹室周(zhou)圍聚集，在天(tian)(tian)牛成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)羽(yu)化前，松(song)材(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擴散(san)型(xing)(xing)(xing)三齡(ling)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)蛻皮(pi)變為擴散(san)型(xing)(xing)(xing)四(si)齡(ling)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（JⅣ），通過(guo)氣孔進(jin)入(ru)剛羽(yu)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)、體壁尚未(wei)完全骨化的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)牛成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)呼吸系統。隨后，天(tian)(tian)牛成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)行補充營養取食或者(zhe)產卵(luan)時(shi)，線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)從天(tian)(tian)牛氣管(guan)逸出，并從天(tian)(tian)牛取食或產卵(luan)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)傷口進(jin)入(ru)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)寄(ji)主(zhu)植物體內。因此JⅣ型(xing)(xing)(xing)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)是松(song)材(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)活史中重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)態，是種群形成和(he)(he)擴散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。天(tian)(tian)牛攜帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)材(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越多，侵染健康(kang)松(song)樹的(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)材(cai)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)病原就越多。

地理分布

原(yuan)產地：原(yuan)產北(bei)美洲。

在日本(ben)、韓國(guo)、美國(guo)、加拿(na)大(da)、墨西哥(ge)、葡萄(tao)牙(ya)、中(zhong)國(guo)等(deng)國(guo)均有發生(sheng)，但危害程(cheng)度不一，其中(zhong)以日本(ben)受(shou)害最重。此病1982年(nian)中(zhong)國(guo)在南京(jing)市中(zhong)山陵首次發現，在短(duan)短(duan)的十幾年(nian)內，又相繼在江(jiang)蘇、安(an)徽(hui)、山東、浙江(jiang)、廣東、湖(hu)(hu)北、湖(hu)(hu)南、臺灣、香(xiang)港等(deng)省（區(qu)）等(deng)許多地區(qu)發生(sheng)并流(liu)行成(cheng)災。

形態及特征

雌(ci)雄(xiong)蟲(chong)都呈(cheng)蠕(ru)蟲(chong)形(xing)(xing)，蟲(chong)體(ti)細(xi)長(chang)，雌(ci)蟲(chong)體(ti)長(chang)0.81mm，雄(xiong)體(ti)長(chang)0.73mm。唇區高，縊縮(suo)顯著。口針(zhen)細(xi)長(chang)，其基部(bu)(bu)(bu)微增厚。中食(shi)道球卵(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)，占體(ti)寬(kuan)的(de)2/3以上，瓣膜清晰。食(shi)道腺細(xi)長(chang)葉狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，覆蓋(gai)于腸背面(mian)。排泄(xie)孔的(de)開(kai)口大致和(he)食(shi)道與腸交接(jie)(jie)處(chu)平行，半月(yue)體(ti)在(zai)(zai)排泄(xie)孔后(hou)(hou)約2/3體(ti)寬(kuan)處(chu)。卵(luan)巢(chao)單個，前伸；陰門(men)開(kai)口于蟲(chong)體(ti)中后(hou)(hou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)73%處(chu)。上覆以寬(kuan)的(de)陰門(men)蓋(gai)。后(hou)(hou)陰子宮囊(nang)長(chang)，約為陰肛距的(de)3/4。雌(ci)蟲(chong)尾亞圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)，末(mo)端寬(kuan)圓(yuan)，少數有微小(xiao)的(de)尾尖突(tu)。雄(xiong)蟲(chong)交合刺大，弓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，成對，喙突(tu)顯著，交合刺遠端膨大如盤。雄(xiong)蟲(chong)尾似鳥(niao)爪，向(xiang)(xiang)腹面(mian)彎曲，尾端為小(xiao)的(de)卵(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)交合傘包裹，退(tui)火的(de)交合傘在(zai)(zai)光學顯微鏡下不(bu)易看見，交合傘（為翼）是尾的(de)角質(zhi)膜的(de)延伸，在(zai)(zai)問短呈(cheng)鏟狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，由于邊緣(yuan)向(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)卷(juan)曲，從背面(mian)觀呈(cheng)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)，從側面(mian)觀呈(cheng)尖圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)。病(bing)材(cai)中的(de)幼(you)蟲(chong)蟲(chong)體(ti)前部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)成蟲(chong)相(xiang)似，但其后(hou)(hou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)則因腸內(nei)積聚大量顆狀(zhuang)(zhuang)內(nei)含物，以至呈(cheng)暗色(se)并接(jie)(jie)結構模糊。幼(you)蟲(chong)尾亞圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)。

病害防治

松材線蟲病

疾病簡介

松(song)材線蟲病(bing)又稱松(song)枯萎病(bing)，是(shi)(shi)一種毀滅(mie)性(xing)蟲害(hai)(hai)。它是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)松(song)墨天牛(niu)(niu)等媒介昆(kun)蟲傳播(bo)于松(song)樹(shu)(shu)體內，從而引發(fa)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)病(bing)害(hai)(hai)。被松(song)材線蟲感(gan)染(ran)后(hou)的松(song)樹(shu)(shu)，針葉黃褐(he)色或(huo)紅褐(he)色，萎蔫下垂(chui)，樹(shu)(shu)脂分泌停止，樹(shu)(shu)干可觀察到天牛(niu)(niu)侵入孔或(huo)產(chan)卵痕跡，病(bing)樹(shu)(shu)整株(zhu)干枯死亡，最終腐爛(lan)。

松(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)病(bing)(bing)多發(fa)生在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)干旱的的氣候條件下(xia)。從罹患病(bing)(bing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)羽化出來(lai)的天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)幾乎100%攜(xie)(xie)帶(dai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，每只天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)都可(ke)攜(xie)(xie)帶(dai)成(cheng)千(qian)上(shang)(shang)萬(wan)(wan)條線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)可(ke)達25萬(wan)(wan)~30萬(wan)(wan)條。當(dang)天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)咬食樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木補充(chong)營養時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)就從天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)取食的傷口進入樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂，然后(hou)蛻皮成(cheng)為(wei)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。被(bei)松(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)侵(qin)染(ran)的松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)往往又是(shi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)墨(mo)天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)的產卵(luan)對(dui)象(xiang)。翌(yi)年，在(zai)罹患病(bing)(bing)的樹(shu)(shu)(shu)林內(nei)寄生的松(song)(song)(song)(song)墨(mo)天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)羽化時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又會攜(xie)(xie)帶(dai)大(da)(da)量線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，并“接種(zhong)”傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)(bo)到(dao)健康的松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)，導致病(bing)(bing)害的擴散蔓延。該病(bing)(bing)害的近距離傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)(bo)主要(yao)靠松(song)(song)(song)(song)黑天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)攜(xie)(xie)帶(dai)傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)(bo)，遠距離傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)(bo)主要(yao)是(shi)人為(wei)調運帶(dai)疫（帶(dai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)）的苗木、松(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)、松(song)(song)(song)(song)木包裝箱及松(song)(song)(song)(song)木制品(pin)等進行遠程傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)(bo)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雌(ci)雄蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)交尾后(hou)產卵(luan)，每只雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)產卵(luan)約(yue)100粒。蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)卵(luan)在(zai)25℃下(xia)經30小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孵化。幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)共(gong)4齡。在(zai)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)30℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)3天(tian)(tian)就可(ke)以完成(cheng)一(yi)個世代。松(song)(song)(song)(song)材(cai)(cai)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)生長繁殖的最(zui)(zui)適宜溫(wen)(wen)度(du)為(wei)20℃，低于10℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不能(neng)發(fa)育，28℃以上(shang)(shang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)繁殖會受到(dao)抑制，在(zai)33℃以上(shang)(shang)則不能(neng)繁殖。線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)能(neng)在(zai)6個月內(nei)使松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)死(si)亡，是(shi)使松(song)(song)(song)(song)林大(da)(da)片被(bei)毀的重要(yao)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。

松(song)(song)(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)病在美(mei)國(guo)、加拿大、墨西哥(ge)、日(ri)本、韓國(guo)等國(guo)均有發生，20世(shi)紀(ji)80年(nian)代侵襲中(zhong)國(guo)香港，幾乎毀(hui)滅了香港分布廣(guang)泛的馬尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)林。1982年(nian)在南京中(zhong)山陵首次(ci)被(bei)發現，隨后相繼在安徽、山東(dong)(dong)、浙江、廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)等地(di)形成幾個疾(ji)病中(zhong)心，并(bing)向(xiang)四周擴散(san)，使這些省(sheng)的局部地(di)區發生并(bing)流行成災(zai)，導致大批(pi)松(song)(song)(song)樹枯死。松(song)(song)(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)病給(gei)安徽、浙江兩省(sheng)帶來的經濟損(sun)失高(gao)達5億~7億元。由于松(song)(song)(song)線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)的毀(hui)滅性(xing)危害，該(gai)蟲(chong)(chong)已被(bei)為對(dui)內(nei)、對(dui)外的重(zhong)要檢疫對(dui)象。

傳播媒介

松(song)(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)媒(mei)介(jie)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)有天牛(niu)(niu)科(ke)28個種(zhong)、吉(ji)丁科(ke)1個屬(shu)、脛象科(ke)1個屬(shu)的(de)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)。在我國松(song)(song)材線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)分(fen)布區中，其傳(chuan)播媒(mei)介(jie)均(jun)為松(song)(song)墨天牛(niu)(niu)（Monochamus alternatus）。松(song)(song)墨天牛(niu)(niu)，屬(shu)鞘翅目天牛(niu)(niu)科(ke)溝脛天牛(niu)(niu)亞科(ke)墨天牛(niu)(niu)屬(shu)，幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)有5個齡(ling)期，以4、5齡(ling)老(lao)蟲(chong)(chong)在蛹室(shi)內越冬(dong)，是松(song)(song)樹的(de)蛀干害蟲(chong)(chong)，蟲(chong)(chong)口密度較高(gao)時可導致松(song)(song)樹死(si)亡。

傳播途徑

①借助(zhu)媒介(jie)天牛(niu)或(huo)線(xian)蟲本身的(de)移動的(de)自然傳播途徑;②借助(zhu)人(ren)為運輸并(bing)在(zai)媒介(jie)天牛(niu)的(de)攜帶下實現遠距離蔓延的(de)人(ren)為傳播途徑。

癥狀特點

松(song)(song)材(cai)線蟲病(bing)首先(xian)表(biao)現為樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂分泌(mi)減少(shao)(shao)，蒸騰作用下降，接著部分針葉(xie)失去光(guang)澤成灰綠色(se)，并逐漸變黃，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)脂停止分泌(mi)，最后(hou)整個(ge)(ge)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠針葉(xie)變成紅褐色(se)，植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)死(si)亡(wang)。無論是小樹(shu)(shu)(shu)還是大(da)(da)樹(shu)(shu)(shu),大(da)(da)多數植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)表(biao)現癥狀后(hou)1一3個(ge)(ge)月迅速枯死(si),只有(you)(you)少(shao)(shao)數植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)至次年春季(ji)或初夏枯死(si)，越年死(si)亡(wang)的(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)可在(zai)當年被診斷(duan)。有(you)(you)的(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)感病(bing)后(hou)，在(zai)l一2年內僅樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠上(shang)少(shao)(shao)量枝條枯死(si)，隨時間推移逐漸增多，直至全株(zhu)(zhu)。在(zai)濕地松(song)(song)、馬尾松(song)(song)、黑松(song)(song)等(deng)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)發生比較(jiao)普遍。

檢疫與防治

檢疫檢驗方法

①直觀(guan)檢驗:此種方(fang)法主(zhu)要(yao)在產(chan)地調查時(shi)使(shi)用。在調查時(shi)仔細觀(guan)察(cha)樹木(mu)發育是否正(zheng)常，注(zhu)意察(cha)看有無樹脂(zhi)分泌(mi)減少、停(ting)止，針葉(xie)變褐(he)、萎蔫，枝(zhi)干及整株(zhu)枯死的現象(xiang)，同(tong)時(shi)，觀(guan)察(cha)樹干上有無天牛(niu)蛀食的痕跡、產(chan)卵孔、羽(yu)化孔等，如有再行解剖檢查。

②解剖檢驗(yan):用工具將可疑感病的樹(shu)木鋸斷劈開，看材質重量是(shi)否(fou)明顯減(jian)輕(qing);木質部有(you)(you)無藍(lan)變現象;樹(shu)干內有(you)(you)無松褐天(tian)牛棲居的痕跡。

③漏(lou)斗(dou)分(fen)離檢(jian)驗:從罹病(bing)木(mu)發(fa)病(bing)部位或天牛棲(qi)居處(chu)鉆(zhan)取(qu)木(mu)材組織并粉碎，用雙層(ceng)紗布(bu)包好(hao)，置(zhi)于下方帶有膠管和截(jie)流(liu)夾的玻(bo)璃漏(lou)斗(dou)上，加水浸泡12h，取(qu)下部浸泡液離心(xin)，取(qu)其沉淀液15ml，置(zhi)于解(jie)剖鏡下，對照松材線蟲的形態特(te)征進行檢(jian)查鑒(jian)定。

④打孔流(liu)汁(zhi)法檢驗:松樹的流(liu)汁(zhi)是(shi)(shi)比較正常的，就說(shuo)明這個(ge)是(shi)(shi)健康的，如果流(liu)汁(zhi)不是(shi)(shi)很正常的，拿到(dao)取樣到(dao)實驗室里面(mian)檢測，確定是(shi)(shi)否有染(ran)松材線蟲。

檢疫處理方式

木材(cai)及其(qi)產品在(zai)使用前或(huo)出境、進境前用60℃熱處理(li)或(huo)殺線蟲(chong)劑處理(li)。檢疫中發(fa)現有(you)攜(xie)帶松(song)材(cai)線蟲(chong)的松(song)木及包裝(zhuang)箱等制品，應(ying)用帳幕(mu)熏(xun)蒸法進行處理(li)，放在(zai)一(yi)個密(mi)封的塑料紙(zhi)中，用每立(li)方(fang)米木材(cai)方(fang)5～8磷化鋁(lv)藥丸(wan)或(huo)溴(xiu)甲烷(wan)進行熏(xun)蒸，里面(mian)留(liu)有(you)一(yi)定的循(xun)環空間，熏(xun)蒸7d以上;或(huo)浸泡于水中5個月(yue)以上;或(huo)把病樹(shu)粉碎后再進行加(jia)工(gong)，立(li)即送工(gong)廠(chang)用作纖維(wei)板、刨(bao)花板或(huo)紙(zhi)漿等工(gong)業原料以及作為燃料及時燒(shao)毀;對利用價值(zhi)不大的小徑木、枝丫等集中燒(shao)毀，嚴防遺(yi)漏(lou)。

防治措施

（1）對松材線蟲病應(ying)加強檢疫(yi)檢驗(yan)，嚴禁被(bei)害(hai)木外運(yun)

對種苗等(deng)繁殖材(cai)料和(he)木材(cai)的(de)調動和(he)貿易進行管理、控制和(he)檢驗，防(fang)止危險(xian)(xian)性(xing)病蟲的(de)傳(chuan)播(bo)和(he)蔓延。防(fang)止危險(xian)(xian)性(xing)病蟲由國外傳(chuan)入或由國內(nei)輸出(chu)，將局部地區(qu)發生的(de)危險(xian)(xian)性(xing)病蟲封鎖在一定(ding)范(fan)圍內(nei)，防(fang)止它傳(chuan)播(bo)到新區(qu)，并(bing)采取各種積極措(cuo)施逐步消滅。

（2）選(xuan)育抗病(bing)樹種(zhong)

選(xuan)育抗蟲(chong)品種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)預防(fang)線蟲(chong)的重要的一環。同(tong)(tong)一樹種(zhong)(zhong)由于經過長期的自然選(xuan)擇和人工選(xuan)擇的結(jie)果，形成不同(tong)(tong)品種(zhong)(zhong)。其性狀(zhuang)不同(tong)(tong)，抗蟲(chong)能(neng)(neng)力也可能(neng)(neng)產生差異。

（3）積極防治松(song)墨天牛

人工把(ba)長勢很弱的(de)(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)砍傷(shang)，因為松(song)(song)褐天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)最喜歡到這個里面產(chan)卵(luan)，然后(hou)進行除(chu)(chu)害(hai)(hai)處理，減少對健(jian)康松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)。除(chu)(chu)此之外，也有用天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)化(hua)學引誘劑Ⅰ號(hao)誘殺天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)或養(yang)放腫(zhong)腿蜂(Scleroderma guani)寄生天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)幼(you)蟲(chong)誅殺。清除(chu)(chu)病害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)枯木(mu)或瀕(bin)于(yu)枯死(si)的(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)，集中成(cheng)堆，用塑料布密封，以溴甲(jia)烷(wan)熏(xun)蒸5～10h，藥(yao)量為69～83g/m3，可(ke)(ke)殺滅天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)成(cheng)蟲(chong)及幼(you)蟲(chong)。樹(shu)(shu)(shu)丫(ya)集成(cheng)小堆燒毀(hui)。預(yu)防性的(de)(de)噴(pen)藥(yao)，包括(kuo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)噴(pen)藥(yao)和地面噴(pen)藥(yao)，前者在天(tian)(tian)牛(niu)羽(yu)化(hua)出來取食(shi)補(bu)充營養(yang)時噴(pen)藥(yao)，后(hou)者在羽(yu)化(hua)開始時噴(pen)藥(yao)，噴(pen)藥(yao)一次可(ke)(ke)持效2．5～3個月，可(ke)(ke)用25%殺螟松(song)(song)乳(ru)劑，每(mei)公(gong)頃3～3． 6kg。

（4）生物防治

利用(yong)(yong)白僵(jiang)菌防(fang)治(zhi)昆蟲(chong)介體，也可用(yong)(yong)捕線蟲(chong)真菌來(lai)防(fang)治(zhi)松材線蟲(chong)。此種方(fang)法對人、畜、植物安全(quan)，對害蟲(chong)有長期抑制作用(yong)(yong)，人工培養及使用(yong)(yong)技術要求比(bi)較嚴格，有時效果不像藥劑那樣迅速和明顯。