大狐姓氏作為中(zhong)國(guo)為數不多的(de)稀有姓氏之(zhi)一,它的(de)淵源、遷徙、分布都是有史可(ke)循,有據可(ke)查的(de)!
單一淵源:源于(yu)姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),出(chu)(chu)自(zi)(zi)春秋時(shi)期(qi)晉國大(da)夫狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)突(tu),屬于(yu)以先(xian)祖(zu)名(ming)字為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)(wei)春秋時(shi)期(qi)晉國很早即出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。宋朝(chao)(chao)時(shi)期(qi)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)學者鄧名(ming)世在(zai)《古今姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)書辯證·去·十四泰》中記載(zai):“大(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),出(chu)(chu)自(zi)(zi)姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。晉大(da)夫狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)突(tu),字伯行(xing),文公(gong)重(zhong)耳(er)外祖(zu)父也(ye),生(sheng)(sheng)毛(mao)及偃,毛(mao)生(sheng)(sheng)溱,皆為(wei)(wei)晉卿,別為(wei)(wei)大(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學界一般認為(wei)(wei),大(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本姓(xing)(xing)(xing)姬(ji)(ji),因(yin)其先(xian)祖(zu)被分封(feng)在(zai)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)戎(今山西交城一帶),故改姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)大(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)史籍《左傳(chuan)》中記載(zai),后(hou)來晉獻公(gong)姬(ji)(ji)佹諸(公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)676~前(qian)651年(nian)在(zai)位)“又(you)娶二女于(yu)戎,大(da)戎狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)姬(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)耳(er),小戎子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)夷(yi)吾”。漢朝(chao)(chao)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)史學家司(si)馬遷也(ye)認為(wei)(wei),“重(zhong)耳(er)母,翟(zhai)之狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)女也(ye)”。不過,當時(shi)也(ye)有(you)其他(ta)民(min)(min)族(zu)是(shi)姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de),那么狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)突(tu)的(de)(de)祖(zu)上是(shi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)姬(ji)(ji)還是(shi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),是(shi)土(tu)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)民(min)(min)族(zu)還是(shi)宗周后(hou)裔?如果是(shi)出(chu)(chu)自(zi)(zi)土(tu)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)民(min)(min)族(zu),那么到(dao)底是(shi)戎還是(shi)翟(zhai)?均已渺茫難考(kao)了。山西,為(wei)(wei)上古唐“帝堯初(chu)都(dou)”之地(di),又(you)是(shi)夏(xia)王朝(chao)(chao)統治時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)根據地(di),但是(shi)到(dao)了商末西周初(chu),該地(di)區已經基本上是(shi)戎、翟(zhai)(狄)、氐、羌諸民(min)(min)族(zu)出(chu)(chu)沒游牧(mu)的(de)(de)地(di)方了。
據(ju)史籍《左傳·定公四年》中的(de)(de)(de)記載,周(zhou)成王姬(ji)誦(song)“分(fen)唐叔(shu)(叔(shu)虞(yu))以(yi)(yi)大路,密須(xu)之(zhi)鼓,闕鞏,沽洗,懷姓(xing)(xing)九(jiu)宗(zong),職官(guan)五(wu)正(zheng)。命以(yi)(yi)《唐誥》,而封于夏虛,啟以(yi)(yi)夏政,疆(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)(yi)戎索。”這(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)“啟以(yi)(yi)夏政,疆(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)(yi)戎索”,實際(ji)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)就晉(jin)國(guo)在(zai)(zai)建(jian)國(guo)初(chu)期的(de)(de)(de)根本治(zhi)國(guo)方略(lve),就是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)中央政權的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設上(shang),堅持(chi)周(zhou)王朝比較先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)政治(zhi)制(zhi)度,但是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)地域管理(li)方面又遵循和順應當(dang)地各個游牧民族的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)俗。在(zai)(zai)晉(jin)國(guo)建(jian)立初(chu)期,真正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)周(zhou)貴族是(shi)(shi)不(bu)多的(de)(de)(de),姬(ji)叔(shu)虞(yu)當(dang)時(shi)只(zhi)帶去了“懷姓(xing)(xing)九(jiu)宗(zong),職官(guan)五(wu)正(zheng)”等少量姬(ji)姓(xing)(xing)族人以(yi)(yi)及一(yi)軍之(zhi)卒(凡(fan)制(zhi)軍,萬有二千五(wu)百人為(wei)一(yi)軍),晉(jin)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)大部分(fen)國(guo)人還是(shi)(shi)當(dang)地土著居民。事實上(shang),在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個春秋(qiu)時(shi)期,各諸侯國(guo)中的(de)(de)(de)晉(jin)國(guo)“胡”風(feng)一(yi)直是(shi)(shi)很濃厚的(de)(de)(de),從西周(zhou)初(chu)期受封于唐邑,后改(gai)唐為(wei)晉(jin),建(jian)立晉(jin)國(guo),晉(jin)國(guo)人與周(zhou)邊的(de)(de)(de)各個民族通商、通婚的(de)(de)(de)現象一(yi)直就十分(fen)普遍,就連國(guo)君也不(bu)例外,這(zhe)與燕國(guo)、秦國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)情況大體(ti)相同。
大狐(hu)氏(shi)(shi),歷代皆為(wei)晉國(guo)重臣,傳到歷晉文公姬重耳(公元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)636~前(qian)(qian)628年在(zai)(zai)位(wei))、晉襄公姬歡(姬環,公元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)627~前(qian)(qian)621年在(zai)(zai)位(wei))、晉靈公姬夷皋(gao)(公元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)620~前(qian)(qian)607年在(zai)(zai)位(wei))三朝、史稱晉國(guo)“股肱”的(de)大狐(hu)射姑以(yi)(yi)后(hou),因其封地在(zai)(zai)賈(jia)(今山西臨(lin)汾),其后(hou)裔子孫大多省(sheng)(sheng)文簡改為(wei)單姓狐(hu)氏(shi)(shi)、賈(jia)氏(shi)(shi),大狐(hu)氏(shi)(shi)復姓就(jiu)此在(zai)(zai)歷史上基(ji)本消失了。如今,僅在(zai)(zai)浙江省(sheng)(sheng)西南部麗水地區還有極其稀少的(de)復姓大狐(hu)氏(shi)(shi)族人,仍以(yi)(yi)平陽(今山西臨(lin)汾)為(wei)郡望(wang)。
大狐突(姬狐突)。
平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun):亦稱(cheng)(cheng)臨(lin)汾(fen)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)。歷史上的平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)有二:①即(ji)今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)臨(lin)汾(fen)市(shi)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)漢(han)初(chu)年(nian)(己亥,公元(yuan)前202年(nian))置平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),治(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen))。三國(guo)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)曹魏(wei)國(guo)正(zheng)始八年(nian)(丁卯,公元(yuan)247年(nian)),將河東郡(jun)(jun)(jun)分出一部分與(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)并,設置為(wei)(wei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),治(zhi)所(suo)亦在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen)),其時(shi)轄地在(zai)(zai)今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藿縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)南的汾(fen)河流域及(ji)其以(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地區,境(jing)內為(wei)(wei)司(si)州(zhou)(zhou)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),轄十(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)仍(reng)為(wei)(wei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),轄十(shi)二縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)永嘉三年(nian)(己巳,公元(yuan)309年(nian))初(chu),匈(xiong)奴人劉(liu)(liu)淵自蒲子(zi)城(cheng)(隰縣(xian)(xian)(xian))遷都平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),稱(cheng)(cheng)帝(di)建漢(han),境(jing)內屬之。東晉(jin)(jin)時(shi)先后屬并州(zhou)(zhou)、雍州(zhou)(zhou)和(he)冀(ji)州(zhou)(zhou);北魏(wei)時(shi)境(jing)內為(wei)(wei)東雍州(zhou)(zhou),轄七(qi)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)二十(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian);北魏(wei)神鹿元(yuan)年(nian)(戊辰,公元(yuan)428年(nian))始筑白(bai)馬(ma)城(cheng)(今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen)),因魏(wei)刑白(bai)馬(ma)祭祀(si)天地神靈(ling)筑城(cheng)而(er)名。孝昌二年(nian)改置唐州(zhou)(zhou),治(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)故城(cheng)(劉(liu)(liu)村(cun));北魏(wei)建義元(yuan)年(nian)(戊申,公元(yuan)528年(nian))改稱(cheng)(cheng)晉(jin)(jin)州(zhou)(zhou),移(yi)治(zhi)自馬(ma)城(cheng),與(yu)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)同治(zhi),沿用至今(jin)。②即(ji)今(jin)山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)鄒(zou)城(cheng)市(shi)。鄒(zou)城(cheng)在(zai)(zai)春秋(qiu)戰(zhan)國(guo)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)古(gu)稱(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),是“鄒(zou)魯圣地”,為(wei)(wei)中國(guo)儒(ru)學發源地。夏王(wang)朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)屬九州(zhou)(zhou)徐(xu)州(zhou)(zhou)之域,秦(qin)朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開始設置“騶縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”,歷漢(han)、晉(jin)(jin)、南北朝,及(ji)唐朝初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)改“騶”為(wei)(wei)“鄒(zou)”,稱(cheng)(cheng)“鄒(zou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”,沿襲至1992年(nian)10月,撤(che)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)設市(shi),稱(cheng)(cheng)鄒(zou)城(cheng)市(shi)。大狐氏的郡(jun)(jun)(jun)望為(wei)(wei)①即(ji)今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen)。
平陽堂:以望立堂。
大(da)狐氏(shi)(shi)復姓(xing)是一(yi)個(ge)非常古老的姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi),但在今中國大(da)陸的姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)排行榜上未列入百家姓(xing)前一(yi)千位,在臺(tai)灣(wan)省則沒有。今浙(zhe)江(jiang)省西(xi)南部的麗(li)水地(di)區(qu),有零星大(da)狐氏(shi)(shi)族人(ren)分布,以(yi)平陽(yang)為(wei)郡望(wang)。人(ren)口總數不及一(yi)百,大(da)概屬于(yu)人(ren)口最稀(xi)少的姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)群(qun)體之一(yi)了。