源于(yu)媯姓,出自戰國時期齊(qi)(qi)國大將(jiang)田單守邑(yi),屬于(yu)以(yi)封邑(yi)名(ming)稱為氏(shi)。據史籍《晏子春秋·內篇問(wen)》記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai):“即(ji)(ji)墨氏(shi),據齊(qi)(qi)將(jiang)田單守即(ji)(ji)墨,支孫(sun)氏(shi)焉。”在史籍《風(feng)俗通義·佚(yi)文》中引《姓解》記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai):“即(ji)(ji)墨氏(shi),漢(han)有(you)(you)即(ji)(ji)墨威為咸陽令……漢(han)有(you)(you)單父令即(ji)(ji)費,其先食采即(ji)(ji)墨,因(yin)以(yi)命氏(shi)。”在史籍《漢(han)書(shu)·儒林傳》也記(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai):“戰國城陽相即(ji)(ji)墨成,齊(qi)(qi)國人。”
即墨(mo)(mo)[即墨(mo)(mo),讀音作jí mò(ㄐㄧˊㄇㄛˋ)]
源于(yu)媯姓(xing)(xing),出(chu)自戰(zhan)(zhan)國晚期齊(qi)國大將田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)守邑,屬于(yu)以(yi)封(feng)邑名稱(cheng)為(wei)氏。據(ju)史籍(ji)(ji)《晏(yan)子春秋·內(nei)篇(pian)問》記(ji)載:“即(ji)墨氏,據(ju)齊(qi)將田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)守即(ji)墨,支孫(sun)氏焉。”在史籍(ji)(ji)《風俗通義·佚文》中引《姓(xing)(xing)解》記(ji)載:“即(ji)墨氏,漢有(you)即(ji)墨威為(wei)咸陽令……漢有(you)單(dan)(dan)父令即(ji)費,其先食(shi)采即(ji)墨,因以(yi)命氏。”在史籍(ji)(ji)《漢書(shu)·儒林傳》也記(ji)載:“戰(zhan)(zhan)國城陽相(xiang)即(ji)墨成,齊(qi)國人。”田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan),是(shi)(shi)齊(qi)國王(wang)族田(tian)(tian)氏家族的遠房支親,山東淄博臨淄人。齊(qi)湣王(wang)田(tian)(tian)地執政(zheng)時期(公元前323~前283年在位),田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)出(chu)任齊(qi)國都(dou)城臨淄的市掾(管理商貿市場(chang)的官員),是(shi)(shi)一位資歷淺(qian)、爵(jue)位低、名氣(qi)微的小吏。但(dan)是(shi)(shi),田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)善于(yu)學習,頗(po)愛兵法,對(dui)戰(zhan)(zhan)略戰(zhan)(zhan)術有(you)過精(jing)心研究,后率軍(jun)駐守即(ji)墨(今(jin)山東青島即(ji)墨)。在燕(yan)軍(jun)伐齊(qi)的戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)中,以(yi)奇計制勝,大敗燕(yan)軍(jun),表現了一位軍(jun)事家的非凡(fan)才(cai)能,被田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)襄王(wang)封(feng)為(wei)安平君,是(shi)(shi)齊(qi)國軍(jun)家的后起之秀。戰(zhan)(zhan)國時期,列(lie)國爭(zheng)雄(xiong),頻(pin)繁(fan)的掠(lve)奪戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng),給人民(min)造(zao)成了無(wu)窮(qiong)的災難(nan)。
周慎靚王(wang)(wang)(wang)姬定(ding)三年(燕王(wang)(wang)(wang)姬噲(kuai)三年,田齊(qi)宣王(wang)(wang)(wang)田辟(pi)疆(jiang)三年,公(gong)元前318年),燕王(wang)(wang)(wang)姬噲(kuai)將王(wang)(wang)(wang)位禪(chan)讓給姬子之(zhi),實行政(zheng)治改革。姬子之(zhi)行王(wang)(wang)(wang)事三年,與反(fan)(fan)對改革的勢力發生矛(mao)盾,燕國(guo)大(da)(da)將市被(bei)與太子姬平起兵反(fan)(fan)叛,雙方激戰數(shu)月(yue),死者(zhe)數(shu)萬,燕國(guo)大(da)(da)亂,市被(bei)及太子姬平被(bei)姬子之(zhi)攻殺。這時(shi),齊(qi)宣王(wang)(wang)(wang)田辟(pi)疆(jiang)在孟柯的勸說下,乘燕國(guo)危機(ji)之(zhi)時(shi)出兵伐燕國(guo),僅五十天即攻破燕國(guo)都城,燕王(wang)(wang)(wang)姬噲(kuai)和姬子之(zhi)皆(jie)被(bei)齊(qi)軍所殺。中山國(guo)也趁此機(ji)會奪占了(le)燕國(guo)大(da)(da)片土地(di),燕國(guo)幾(ji)乎亡國(guo)。
周(zhou)赧王(wang)姬延三年(nian)(趙(zhao)(zhao)武(wu)靈(ling)王(wang)趙(zhao)(zhao)雍十(shi)四年(nian),公元前(qian)312年(nian)),秦、魏、韓(han)三國聯(lian)軍(jun)救燕,擊敗(bai)齊軍(jun)于濮水之(zhi)上。第二年(nian),趙(zhao)(zhao)武(wu)靈(ling)王(wang)派(pai)兵(bing)將流亡在韓(han)國的(de)燕公子(zi)姬職護送回燕國,立(li)為燕昭王(wang)。燕昭王(wang)立(li)志報仇雪恨,卑身厚(hou)幣,高筑(zhu)黃金臺,招(zhao)聚天(tian)下賢士(shi),得樂毅等人相助,勵精圖治,燕國從此強大(da)(da)(da)起來。這一(yi)(yi)段歷史時期,燕國北(bei)破東(dong)胡(hu),將領土擴大(da)(da)(da)到(dao)遼(liao)東(dong)地區,設置了上古、漁陽、右北(bei)平(ping)、遼(liao)西、遼(liao)東(dong)五郡,疆(jiang)域有(you)今滹沱以(yi)北(bei)的(de)河(he)北(bei)中部(bu)(bu)、遼(liao)寧大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)、山西一(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu),再次(ci)成(cheng)為一(yi)(yi)方強國。
周赧王(wang)(wang)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七年(nian),燕(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)(wang)姬(ji)職二十(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian),公元前(qian)284年(nian)),燕(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)(wang)以(yi)樂毅為(wei)上(shang)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),聯合了(le)秦(qin)、楚、趙(zhao)、魏、韓五國(guo)(guo)(guo)共同伐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)因國(guo)(guo)(guo)力不(bu)足(zu),已毫(hao)無應戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力量,只得(de)棄(qi)都南逃莒城(cheng)偏(pian)安一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。因此(ci),燕(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)長(chang)驅直(zhi)入,連下齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)余城(cheng),之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)臨淄擊(ji)殺田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)。當時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)只剩(sheng)下了(le)高(gao)大(da)堅(jian)固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莒城(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)日照莒縣)和(he)即墨(mo)城(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)平(ping)度)這(zhe)兩座城(cheng)池(chi),使(shi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)處(chu)在(zai)(zai)危亡(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻。燕(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻破臨淄后(hou),又(you)(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)渡淄河進(jin)取安平(ping)。安平(ping)城(cheng)(又(you)(you)(you)名酃城(cheng)、皇城(cheng)、石槽(cao)城(cheng))位于(yu)淄水東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)岸,這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi),早(zao)從臨淄退(tui)守(shou)安平(ping)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)正在(zai)(zai)積(ji)極(ji)籌劃(hua)拒(ju)敵方(fang)略。為(wei)使(shi)戰(zhan)車進(jin)退(tui)方(fang)便,避免撞擊(ji),他(ta)命令宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)部下疾速(su)斷去車軸(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)頭(tou)(tou),并固上(shang)鐵籠,當時(shi)(shi)(shi)許(xu)多齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵都笑話他(ta)。但(dan)當安平(ping)城(cheng)失守(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi),許(xu)多齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)兵將(jiang)在(zai)(zai)撤退(tui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)因車軸(zhou)(zhou)相撞,戰(zhan)車被毀,紛紛落入燕(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)手做了(le)俘虜,唯(wei)獨田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)部下安然退(tui)居(ju)即墨(mo)。車軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改革和(he)巧勝樂毅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)謀略,使(shi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)中名聲大(da)振,威望(wang)更(geng)高(gao)。在(zai)(zai)即墨(mo)大(da)夫戰(zhan)死疆場后(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)便被宗(zong)族(zu)及(ji)部下們推(tui)為(wei)拒(ju)燕(yan)(yan)統(tong)帥。足(zu)智多謀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan),并沒有因暫時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失利而(er)氣(qi)餒,他(ta)肩負眾托,決心復(fu)國(guo)(guo)(guo),從而(er)細心分析戰(zhan)爭(zheng)發(fa)(fa)展變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形勢,窺測出戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良機。就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個時(shi)(shi)(shi)候,傳(chuan)來了(le)燕(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)(wang)病死,燕(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)即位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消息。于(yu)是,田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)利用燕(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)與樂毅之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系有裂隙,派人(ren)(ren)(ren)去燕(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)面前(qian)讒言挑(tiao)撥,進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步激化了(le)君(jun)臣間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾,致使(shi)燕(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)猜忌樂毅,很快就(jiu)改用騎(qi)劫為(wei)統(tong)帥。燕(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)自(zi)毀長(chang)城(cheng),撤換了(le)智勇雙(shuang)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樂毅,樂毅后(hou)來怒(nu)而(er)棄(qi)燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo),奔赴趙(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。在(zai)(zai)燕(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)變(bian)更(geng)領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)帥之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)抓(zhua)住燕(yan)(yan)將(jiang)驕傲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弱點,用以(yi)金(jin)錢(qian)賄(hui)賂,渙散燕(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)紀(ji),進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步使(shi)燕(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)放(fang)松戒備。而(er)自(zi)己卻積(ji)極(ji)作應戰(zhan)計劃(hua)和(he)出擊(ji)準備。他(ta)還集(ji)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)登城(cheng),親眼目睹燕(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)對齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)燒(shao)掠、削鼻(bi)屠殺和(he)掘(jue)墳辱尸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘無人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴行,從而(er)激發(fa)(fa)了(le)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵同仇敵愾(kai)、收(shou)復(fu)失地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)(shi)氣(qi)。之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)組(zu)織老弱女子(zi)乘(cheng)城(cheng),以(yi)示降燕(yan)(yan),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)織甲卒精(jing)兵埋(mai)伏(fu)于(yu)城(cheng)內(nei)四周,又(you)(you)(you)將(jiang)城(cheng)內(nei)千(qian)余頭(tou)(tou)牛(niu)(niu),雙(shuang)角裝上(shang)鋒利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匕首,身著(zhu)畫有龍紋圖(tu)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五彩(cai)繒衣,尾束灌足(zu)脂(zhi)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘆葦(wei),后(hou)隨精(jing)甲壯(zhuang)士(shi)(shi)五千(qian)余人(ren)(ren)(ren),布下了(le)火牛(niu)(niu)陣(zhen)。當夜(ye)深人(ren)(ren)(ren)靜燕(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)酣睡之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),城(cheng)頭(tou)(tou)鑼鼓(gu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)嗚,火燒(shao)牛(niu)(niu)尾,數(shu)千(qian)頭(tou)(tou)火牛(niu)(niu)四面奔出,直(zhi)沖(chong)燕(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)營(ying),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)士(shi)(shi)則(ze)在(zai)(zai)吶喊聲中隨牛(niu)(niu)沖(chong)殺,頓時(shi)(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)亂,統(tong)帥騎(qi)劫一(yi)(yi)命鳴(ming)乎。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)乘(cheng)勝直(zhi)追(zhui),一(yi)(yi)連串(chuan)地(di)取得(de)了(le)敗燕(yan)(yan)復(fu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部勝利。之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)返回(hui)營(ying)城(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)營(ying)廣(guang)饒),于(yu)周赧王(wang)(wang)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法(fa)章元年(nian),公元前(qian)283年(nian))迎田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)還都臨淄。“火牛(niu)(niu)那可問,風雨夜(ye)燒(shao)青,巌巌七十(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng),一(yi)(yi)夜(ye)息金(jin)刁!”田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)因復(fu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)功,被田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)封任為(wei)相國(guo)(guo)(guo)、安平(ping)君(jun)。在(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)逝世后(hou)安葬于(yu)安平(ping)城(cheng)內(nei)(今(jin)(jin)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)淄博臨淄區皇城(cheng)鄉皇城(cheng)村東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南部)。
春秋戰國時(shi)期(qi),齊(qi)國以邑為(wei)姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者有(you)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、崔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、盧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鮑氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、來氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、棠(tang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、檀氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、晏氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、梁邱(qiu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)二十三氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族人大多(duo)是(shi)田單的庶支(zhi)子孫,以先祖守即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)而得(de)姓(xing),后有(you)省(sheng)文簡化為(wei)單姓(xing)即(ji)(ji)(ji)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、墨(mo)(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者,皆世代相(xiang)傳。即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以及分衍的即(ji)(ji)(ji)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、墨(mo)(mo)(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族人,大多(duo)尊奉田單為(wei)得(de)姓(xing)始祖。
源于姬姓,出(chu)自東漢(han)初(chu)期著名大(da)(da)將賈復(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子賈宗,屬于以(yi)封邑(yi)名稱為(wei)(wei)氏。賈復(fu)(fu),公(gong)元?~55年待(dai)考,字(zi)君文,南陽冠軍人。少好學,通習《尚書》。開始(shi)事從舞陰李生,李生奇(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),對(dui)自己的(de)門(men)人說(shuo):“賈君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)貌志氣如(ru)此,而(er)(er)勤于學,將相(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器也。”王(wang)(wang)莽(mang)末期,賈復(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)縣掾,即管理市場的(de)小(xiao)官(guan)。不(bu)久,下江、新市兵起,賈復(fu)(fu)也聚眾數(shu)百人于羽山,自號(hao)將軍。漢(han)更始(shi)帝(di)立(li),賈復(fu)(fu)率(lv)其部眾歸(gui)漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)王(wang)(wang)劉(liu)嘉(jia),官(guan)為(wei)(wei)校尉。不(bu)久,賈復(fu)(fu)見漢(han)更始(shi)帝(di)政權(quan)混亂,諸將放縱,乃對(dui)漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)王(wang)(wang)說(shuo):“臣(chen)聞圖(tu)堯、舜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事而(er)(er)不(bu)能(neng)至者(zhe),湯(tang)、武是(shi)也;圖(tu)湯(tang)、武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事而(er)(er)不(bu)能(neng)至者(zhe),桓、文是(shi)也;圖(tu)桓、文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事而(er)(er)不(bu)能(neng)至者(zhe),六國是(shi)也;定六國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規,欲安(an)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)不(bu)能(neng)至者(zhe),亡六國是(shi)也。今漢(han)室(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)興,大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)親(qin)戚為(wei)(wei)籓輔,天下未定而(er)(er)安(an)守所保,所保得無不(bu)可(ke)保乎(hu)?”漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)王(wang)(wang)感嘆道(dao):“卿言大(da)(da),非吾任也。大(da)(da)司馬劉(liu)公(gong)在(zai)河北,必能(neng)相(xiang)施,第持我書往(wang)。”賈復(fu)(fu)遂辭別漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)王(wang)(wang),受書北度(du)河。
及至(zhi)(zhi)漢(han)(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)帝劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)起兵,鄧(deng)禹(yu)向劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)推薦賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)奇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),鄧(deng)禹(yu)亦稱賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)將帥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節,于(yu)是劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)任(ren)(ren)命賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)破(po)(po)虜(lu)將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)督(du)(du)盜賊。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)迅(xun)速平定(ding)了(le)當地(di)的(de)盜賊,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)以(yi)左驂(can)賜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。當吏部(bu)以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)來而(er)好陵(ling)折等輩,調補其(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鄗尉,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)馬上制止說:“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)督(du)(du)有(you)(you)折沖千(qian)里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威,方任(ren)(ren)以(yi)職,勿(wu)得(de)擅除(chu)。”后(hou)(hou)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)至(zhi)(zhi)信都(今(jin)(jin)河(he)北冀縣),以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)偏(pian)將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。不(bu)(bu)久賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)攻克邯鄲,遷升都護將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。在一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次跟隨(sui)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)擊(ji)(ji)青犢于(yu)射犬時(shi)(shi),雙方大戰(zhan)(zhan)至(zhi)(zhi)中午,敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)首領(ling)陳堅堅守(shou)不(bu)(bu)退(tui)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)傳召(zhao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu):“吏士(shi)皆饑,可(ke)且朝飯。”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卻回(hui)答(da):“先(xian)破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)食耳!”于(yu)是被(bei)羽先(xian)登,所(suo)(suo)向皆靡(mi),陳堅不(bu)(bu)敵(di)而(er)潰敗(bai)(bai)。諸(zhu)將皆佩服賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勇。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)又(you)在北方與五校戰(zhan)(zhan)于(yu)真定(ding)(今(jin)(jin)河(he)北正定(ding)),大破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也受了(le)重(zhong)傷。當時(shi)(shi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)得(de)知賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)重(zhong)傷后(hou)(hou)大驚:“我(wo)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)令(ling)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)別將者,為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)輕敵(di)也。果(guo)然(ran),失吾(wu)名(ming)將。聞其(qi)婦有(you)(you)孕,生女邪,我(wo)子娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生男邪,我(wo)女嫁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)令(ling)其(qi)憂妻子也。”誰知賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)很快就傷愈,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)好就立(li)即(ji)追到(dao)薊縣去見(jian)(jian)(jian)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)沒事了(le),“甚歡(huan),大饗士(shi)卒,令(ling)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)居(ju)前,擊(ji)(ji)鄴賊,破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)即(ji)位為(wei)(wei)(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),拜賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)執(zhi)(zhi)金吾(wu),封冠軍(jun)(jun)(jun)侯。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先(xian)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)度河(he)攻朱(zhu)鮪于(yu)洛陽(yang)(yang),再(zai)與白(bai)虎公陳僑鏖戰(zhan)(zhan),連破(po)(po)降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)建武(wu)(wu)二年(nian)(公元(yuan)26年(nian)),益封賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)穰(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)鄧(deng)州)、朝陽(yang)(yang)二縣。當時(shi)(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)更(geng)(geng)始(shi)帝的(de)屬(shu)(shu)下(xia)郾(yan)(yan)王(wang)尹(yin)(yin)尊及諸(zhu)大將在南(nan)(nan)方未降(jiang)者尚(shang)多,漢(han)(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)帝召(zhao)集諸(zhu)將議(yi)兵事。當時(shi)(shi)大家(jia)竇(dou)不(bu)(bu)說話言,沉吟久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),漢(han)(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)帝以(yi)檄(xi)叩地(di)曰:“郾(yan)(yan)最強,宛為(wei)(wei)(wei)次,誰當擊(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率(lv)然(ran)回(hui)答(da):“臣請(qing)擊(ji)(ji)郾(yan)(yan)。”漢(han)(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)帝一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),就笑了(le):“執(zhi)(zhi)金吾(wu)擊(ji)(ji)郾(yan)(yan),吾(wu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)何(he)憂!卿謀略過人,今(jin)(jin)則其(qi)以(yi)便(bian)宜(yi)從(cong)(cong)事,勿(wu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先(xian)請(qing)。”遂派(pai)遣賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與騎都尉陰識、驍(xiao)騎將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)植南(nan)(nan)度五社(she)津(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)鞏縣北部(bu))出擊(ji)(ji)郾(yan)(yan)王(wang)尹(yin)(yin)尊,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)連連破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個來月(yue),郾(yan)(yan)王(wang)尹(yin)(yin)尊歸(gui)降(jiang),盡定(ding)其(qi)地(di)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再(zai)引軍(jun)(jun)(jun)東(dong)(dong)擊(ji)(ji)漢(han)(han)(han)更(geng)(geng)始(shi)帝屬(shu)(shu)下(xia)的(de)淮陽(yang)(yang)太守(shou)暴汜,暴汜也歸(gui)降(jiang),屬(shu)(shu)縣悉定(ding)。到(dao)了(le)秋天,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再(zai)次領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)南(nan)(nan)擊(ji)(ji)召(zhao)陵(ling)(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)漯河(he)召(zhao)陵(ling))、新(xin)息(xi)(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)息(xi)縣),皆平定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)建武(wu)(wu)三(san)年(nian)(公元(yuan)27年(nian))春季,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)因功官遷左將軍(jun)(jun)(jun),再(zai)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)出擊(ji)(ji)赤眉(mei)于(yu)新(xin)城(今(jin)(jin)湖北大悟)、澠(min)池(chi)(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)澠(min)池(chi))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,連破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)久與漢(han)(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)帝會師于(yu)宜(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)洛陽(yang)(yang)宜(yi)陽(yang)(yang)),降(jiang)服了(le)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)赤眉(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),完全穩定(ding)了(le)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)王(wang)朝。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生征戰(zhan)(zhan),從(cong)(cong)未又(you)敗(bai)(bai)績,他數次解(jie)除(chu)了(le)諸(zhu)將的(de)潰圍解(jie)急,曾身受十二次重(zhong)傷。漢(han)(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)帝以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)善(shan)用兵、敢(gan)深入,凡沒把握的(de)遠征之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan),皆帶著賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)壯其(qi)勇節,常自(zi)從(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故而(er)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直沒有(you)(you)什么單(dan)方面的(de)特殊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勛(xun)。后(hou)(hou)來諸(zhu)將每論功自(zi)伐(fa),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)未嘗(chang)有(you)(you)言。漢(han)(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)帝卻說:“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,我(wo)自(zi)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)十(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)37年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),定封(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)東(dong)(dong)侯(hou)(hou),食郁(yu)秩、壯武(wu)、下(xia)密(mi)、即(ji)墨、梃、觀陽(yang),凡六縣。賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)深知漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝(di)(di)一直(zhi)欲(yu)偃干戈,修文(wen)德,不(bu)欲(yu)功臣擁眾京(jing)師,乃與(yu)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)侯(hou)(hou)鄧禹并(bing)剽甲兵,敦儒學。漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝(di)(di)深然之,遂罷左右將軍。賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)列侯(hou)(hou)就第,加位(wei)(wei)特進(jin)。賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)人剛毅方(fang)(fang)直(zhi),多(duo)大節。既(ji)還私第,闔門養威重。漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝(di)(di)最(zui)信任的(de)同窗朱祐大力推薦(jian)賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)宜為(wei)(wei)宰相,漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)以(yi)吏事責三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong),故功臣并(bing)不(bu)用。是時(shi),列侯(hou)(hou)中惟(wei)高(gao)(gao)密(mi)、固(gu)始(shi)、膠(jiao)(jiao)東(dong)(dong)三(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)與(yu)公(gong)(gong)卿參議國家大事,恩遇甚厚。東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)三(san)(san)十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)55年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)逝世,賜謚“剛侯(hou)(hou)”。到了東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)章帝(di)(di)劉炟(da)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)76~87年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在位(wei)(wei)),封(feng)賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)兒子賈(jia)邯(han)為(wei)(wei)膠(jiao)(jiao)東(dong)(dong)侯(hou)(hou),封(feng)賈(jia)邯(han)的(de)弟(di)弟(di)賈(jia)宗為(wei)(wei)即(ji)墨侯(hou)(hou),各領一縣。即(ji)墨侯(hou)(hou)賈(jia)宗,字武(wu)孺,少(shao)有操行,多(duo)智略。初拜郎中,稍遷,東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)建(jian)初五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))為(wei)(wei)朔方(fang)(fang)太守。舊內郡徙人在邊者,率多(duo)貧弱,為(wei)(wei)居人所仆役,不(bu)得為(wei)(wei)吏。賈(jia)宗擢用其(qi)任職者,與(yu)邊吏參選,轉相監(jian)司,以(yi)揭發其(qi)奸,或(huo)以(yi)功次補長吏,故各愿(yuan)盡死(si)。匈奴當時(shi)十(shi)分懼怕賈(jia)宗,不(bu)敢入塞(sai)。后征為(wei)(wei)長水校尉(wei)。賈(jia)宗還精(jing)通儒術,每(mei)宴見,常(chang)使與(yu)少(shao)府丁鴻(hong)等論(lun)議于前。
東(dong)漢(han)章和(he)二年(nian)(公元(yuan)88年(nian)),賈宗(zong)逝世(shi),東(dong)漢(han)朝廷上下都為(wei)他的去世(shi)而十(shi)分愍惜(xi)。賈宗(zong)的兒(er)子叫賈參(can)。在賈參(can)的庶支子孫(sun)中,有以先祖爵號“即(ji)墨侯”為(wei)姓(xing)氏者,稱即(ji)墨氏,后有一部分人省文簡改為(wei)單(dan)姓(xing)墨氏,一部分復為(wei)賈氏,皆世(shi)代相傳至(zhi)今。
田單、賈復。
即(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)復姓(xing)是非常古老的姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之一,但今已(yi)經多省文簡改為單姓(xing)即(ji)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi),即(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)復姓(xing)反而難(nan)見了。
膠東郡:西漢時期設置膠東郡,之后有(you)時是國,治(zhi)所在即墨(mo)(今山東平度)。
即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian):春(chun)秋、戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)。秦朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)齊郡。西漢(han)時(shi)期(qi)(qi),即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)城同時(shi)為膠(jiao)東王國(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)城。東漢(han)及兩(liang)晉(jin)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)青(qing)州(zhou)。隋、唐(tang)、明、清時(shi)期(qi)(qi)均(jun)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)萊州(zhou)。民國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(癸未,公元1943年(nian)(nian))分設(she)(she)即(ji)(ji)東、即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian),民國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(甲(jia)申,公元1944年(nian)(nian))4月即(ji)(ji)東縣(xian)(xian)并入即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian),民國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(乙酉,公元1945年(nian)(nian))7月,恢復即(ji)(ji)東縣(xian)(xian)。中(zhong)華人民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建國(guo)(guo)(guo)初期(qi)(qi),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)膠(jiao)州(zhou)專區(qu)。1956年(nian)(nian)3月即(ji)(ji)東縣(xian)(xian)并入即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian),改(gai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)萊陽(yang)專區(qu)。1958年(nian)(nian)10月改(gai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)青(qing)島(dao)市。1961年(nian)(nian)3月,改(gai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)煙臺專區(qu)。1978年(nian)(nian)12月改(gai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)青(qing)島(dao)市。1989年(nian)(nian)9月撤縣(xian)(xian)設(she)(she)市。
膠東(dong)堂:以(yi)望立堂。
即(ji)墨堂:以望立堂。
即墨(mo)(mo)威(wei):(生卒年待考),山東(dong)即墨(mo)(mo)人。著(zhu)名(ming)漢朝咸陽(yang)令。