第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)是漢族(zu)(zu)復姓(xing)(xing)之一(yi)(yi),為(wei)(wei)田齊(qi)王(wang)族(zu)(zu)之后(hou)。秦末天(tian)下紛爭,起先被秦國(guo)(guo)所滅的(de)六(liu)國(guo)(guo),其(qi)王(wang)族(zu)(zu)后(hou)裔們,爭先糾集人(ren)(ren)馬反(fan)秦復國(guo)(guo);而(er)在(zai)漢高祖劉邦建立漢朝后(hou),顧慮到(dao)這(zhe)些復國(guo)(guo)失敗的(de)舊王(wang)族(zu)(zu)勢力(li),便將(jiang)他們紛紛遷(qian)出原籍,另外擇地(di)安置。其(qi)中將(jiang)田齊(qi)王(wang)族(zu)(zu)從第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)到(dao)第(di)(di)(di)八分為(wei)(wei)八支遷(qian)走,故而(er)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)第(di)(di)(di)次為(wei)(wei)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi),第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)就為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)里的(de)一(yi)(yi)支。如今,第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)多分布于陜西(xi)涇(jing)陽、旬(xun)邑一(yi)(yi)帶,一(yi)(yi)些第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)現(xian)多演化(hua)為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)姓(xing)(xing)、五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)或伍姓(xing)(xing)。
第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)出名的(de)歷史人物(wu)有漢代大司空第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)倫(lun),唐(tang)代宰相(xiang)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)琦等。
復(fu)姓(xing)第五(wu)可以追溯(su)到(dao)舜帝,其后(hou)有姚、媯(gui)(gui)、陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、胡(hu)、田,皆為(wei)同根(gen)同源,史稱“媯(gui)(gui)汭五(wu)姓(xing)”。后(hou)舜的后(hou)裔不斷發展,一直到(dao)商朝后(hou)期,舜的后(hou)代(dai)閼父歸(gui)順于(yu)周(zhou)文王(wang),任陶正之官(guan)。后(hou)周(zhou)武王(wang)消滅商紂,建(jian)立(li)周(zhou)朝,并(bing)將長女大(da)姬嫁與閼父之子媯(gui)(gui)滿(舜后(hou)33代(dai)孫)。后(hou)來(lai),武王(wang)追封上(shang)古圣(sheng)王(wang)的后(hou)裔,媯(gui)(gui)滿氏因此(ci)被封為(wei)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)侯,位于(yu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)地(di),國(guo)都位于(yu)今天河南(nan)淮陽(yang)縣。媯(gui)(gui)滿史稱陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)胡(hu)公(gong),胡(hu)公(gong)滿,其后(hou)代(dai)以國(guo)為(wei)姓(xing),從而產生了陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)氏,后(hou)代(dai)以胡(hu)公(gong)謚號(hao)為(wei)氏,產生了胡(hu)氏。
陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)姓(xing)(xing)在(zai)春秋中期(qi)分出(chu)(chu)田(tian)姓(xing)(xing)。在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)厲公(gong)時,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)國發生(sheng)了爭奪君位的內亂,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)厲公(gong)之(zhi)子陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)完逃出(chu)(chu)齊(qi)國避難,為(wei)避禍而改為(wei)田(tian)姓(xing)(xing),陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)完是田(tian)姓(xing)(xing)的始祖(zu)。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)完在(zai)齊(qi)國受(shou)到禮遇,任工正。
陳完的后代(dai)田(tian)(tian)氏家族在齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)逐漸發展,后掌(zhang)握(wo)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)政。公元前(qian)481年(nian),田(tian)(tian)乞(qi)之子田(tian)(tian)恒(田(tian)(tian)常子)殺齊(qi)簡公與諸多公族,另(ling)立(li)齊(qi)平公,進(jin)一步(bu)把持政權,又以“修(xiu)公行賞”爭取民心。公元前(qian)391年(nian),田(tian)(tian)成子四世孫田(tian)(tian)和廢(fei)齊(qi)康公。公元前(qian)386年(nian),田(tian)(tian)和放逐齊(qi)康公于海(hai)上,自立(li)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)君,同年(nian)為(wei)周安王冊命為(wei)齊(qi)侯,并受到諸侯列國(guo)(guo)的承認(ren),這就(jiu)是歷史上著名的“田(tian)(tian)代(dai)齊(qi)姜(jiang)”。前(qian)379年(nian),齊(qi)康公死,姜(jiang)姓齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)絕祀(si)。田(tian)(tian)氏仍以“齊(qi)”作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)號,史稱“田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)”。
西漢(han)時期,為(wei)了增強關中的經濟實力,削弱各地(di)豪(hao)強的殘余(yu)勢力。將齊田氏分為(wei)八部,分別(bie)遷往西安一帶,并要他們改姓“第一”“第二(er)”……一直到“第八”。
所以第(di)(di)(di)五出(chu)自田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing),源(yuan)自漢(han)(han)代遷(qian)(qian)徙(xi)齊(qi)(qi)國公族(zu)所改。據(ju)《姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)考略》載:“齊(qi)(qi)田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)后,漢(han)(han)時齊(qi)(qi)諸田(tian)(tian)徙(xi)至京(jing)兆房陵,以次第(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)姓(xing)(xing),有第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)八。”又《后漢(han)(han)書(shu)·第(di)(di)(di)五倫傳》載:“后或改姓(xing)(xing)。”漢(han)(han)高祖劉(liu)邦建立漢(han)(han)朝后,為(wei)(wei)(wei)了增強(qiang)關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)經(jing)濟實力,削(xue)弱地方門閥勢力,將豪族(zu)名門共十萬(wan)多(duo)人(ren)都(dou)(dou)遷(qian)(qian)徙(xi)到(dao)(dao)關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)房陵(今陜西咸(xian)陽一(yi)(yi)帶(dai))一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)定居。在遷(qian)(qian)徙(xi)原齊(qi)(qi)國田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)貴族(zu)時,因族(zu)大人(ren)眾,以門第(di)(di)(di)順序被分為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)八氏(shi)(shi)(shi),例如田(tian)(tian)廣的(de)弟弟田(tian)(tian)英為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)八氏(shi)(shi)(shi),其孫田(tian)(tian)登為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),元孫田(tian)(tian)癸為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi)(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)(di)五氏(shi)(shi)(shi)就是其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)支,也(ye)就產生了第(di)(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。唯有“第(di)(di)(di)五”氏(shi)(shi)(shi)這一(yi)(yi)支后來出(chu)了不(bu)少名人(ren),得以較普遍流傳,所以作為(wei)(wei)(wei)顯姓(xing)(xing)收到(dao)(dao)《續百家姓(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)八等姓(xing)(xing),后來都(dou)(dou)改為(wei)(wei)(wei)單姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)”及“五”(伍)兩個姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),現在保留復姓(xing)(xing)的(de)很少。
隴西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun):秦置隴西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun),治狄(di)道(dao)(今(jin)甘肅省(sheng)臨洮南)。曹魏移(yi)治襄武(今(jin)東鄉以東及(ji)隴西(xi)(xi)(xi)南一帶地(di)區)。隋唐為渭(wei)州隴西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun)。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun):東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)始(shi)建于(yu)秦始(shi)皇五(wu)年(庚申,公元前242年),取原魏國之(zhi)地(di)(di)置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun),包括河(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)大(da)名府(fu)、山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府(fu)、及(ji)(ji)長(chang)清縣(xian)以西一帶地(di)(di)區(qu)。西漢時期(qi)因之(zhi),治所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)濮陽(yang)縣(xian)(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南濮陽(yang)),其(qi)(qi)時轄(xia)地(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南省(sheng)南部(bu)(bu)仆陽(yang)縣(xian)及(ji)(ji)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西部(bu)(bu)一帶地(di)(di)區(qu)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初(chu)其(qi)(qi)平中嘗治武(wu)陽(yang),臧洪(hong)為太守,又治東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)武(wu)陽(yang)。西晉朝時期(qi)廢黜(chu),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)晉朝復(fu)置(zhi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南滑(hua)縣(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)。北(bei)魏王朝徙(xi)治至滑(hua)臺(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南滑(hua)縣(xian)),隋朝初(chu)期(qi)廢黜(chu),后曾以兗州為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun),此兗州是(shi)由滑(hua)州(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南滑(hua)縣(xian))改名而成,并非今(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)之(zhi)兗州。南朝宋國再(zai)置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun),在(zai)(zai)(zai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南陳(chen)州府(fu)境(jing)。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡堂(tang)(tang):以望立堂(tang)(tang),亦稱(cheng)江扈(hu)堂(tang)(tang)。
廉貞忠厚;正(zheng)直(zhi)清高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上聯(lian)典指東(dong)漢長陵人(ren)第(di)五(wu)倫,字伯魚,耿直無私,以清節(jie)著稱。建武年間舉孝廉,官會稽太守,章帝時任司空(kong)。下聯(lian)典指第(di)五(wu)倫的曾孫第(di)五(wu)種(zhong)。
清高正直;忠厚廉貞(zhen)。
——佚名撰第(di)五姓宗祠通用聯
上聯典指(zhi)東漢·第五(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)為(wei)官清(qing)正(zheng),名(ming)冠州郡,時(shi)人(ren)謂:“清(qing)高正(zheng)直,以(yi)種(zhong)為(wei)首。”下聯典指(zhi)第五(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)的曾(ceng)祖父第五(wu)(wu)(wu)倫為(wei)司(si)空(kong),奉公盡節,所得俸祿僅給(gei)衣食,余皆散資貧民。
維(wei)揚邗東第五氏宗譜,著者待考,民國年間木刻活字印(yin)本兩冊。現(xian)被收藏(zang)在江(jiang)蘇省常州市家譜收藏(zang)者朱炳國處。
陜(shan)西旬邑(yi)第(di)(di)五氏家(jia)譜,著者待考,民國年(nian)間手(shou)寫本。現被收藏在陜(shan)西省(sheng)咸陽市旬邑(yi)縣魏洛村第(di)(di)五氏宗祠。
第五倫:字伯魚(yu),京兆(zhao)長陵人(ren)也,東(dong)漢(han)大(da)司空(kong)(即(ji)東(dong)漢(han)宰相(xiang))。其先齊諸(zhu)田(tian),諸(zhu)田(tian)徙園陵者多,故以次(ci)第為(wei)(wei)(wei)氏。第五倫曾為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)漢(han)初年光武(wu)帝(di)、明帝(di)、章帝(di)三朝元老,為(wei)(wei)(wei)官清廉無私(si),盡忠守節,其后輩(bei)有五人(ren)在朝為(wei)(wei)(wei)官,與東(dong)漢(han)相(xiang)始終。
第五(wu)(wu)(wu)頡:字子(zi)陵(ling),第五(wu)(wu)(wu)倫少子(zi);京(jing)兆(zhao)長(chang)陵(ling)人(今陜(shan)西咸陽(yang))。著名東漢(han)大(da)臣。先為郡功曹,州(zhou)從(cong)事,公府辟(pi)舉高第,后為侍御史,南(nan)頓(dun)令,桂(gui)陽(yang)、南(nan)陽(yang)、廬(lu)江三郡太守,諫議大(da)夫(fu)。漢(han)順帝(di)之(zhi)為太子(zi)廢也,第五(wu)(wu)(wu)頡為太中(zhong)大(da)夫(fu),與太仆來歷等(deng)共守闕固爭。漢(han)順帝(di)即位,第五(wu)(wu)(wu)頡擢(zhuo)為將作大(da)匠,卒官。
第五種:字興先,歷(li)官高密侯相、兗州刺(ci)史(shi)。因彈劾中常侍單超(chao)及其侄子單匡,屢受陷害。當時人說:“清高正直(zhi),以第五種為第一。”
第五訪(fang):字仲謀,東(dong)漢中期京兆(zhao)長陵(今陜(shan)西省咸陽(yang)市東(dong)北)人(ren)。
第五上(shang):東漢刺(ci)史,為官冠名州郡,永壽(shou)中以(yi)奉(feng)使稱職,拜(bai)高密侯相,懲治貪惡,剛直不(bu)宥(you)。
第五元先:東漢學者,通京氏易、公羊春秋、三統歷、九章算術,為鄭康成之師。
第(di)五琦:唐代同中書(shu)門下平(ping)章(zhang)事(即唐朝宰相)。曾為扶(fu)風郡公(gong),京兆尹,改戶(hu)部(bu)侍郎(lang),判(pan)度支等,能(neng)言強國富民術,不益賦而用以(yi)饒。乾元時升任同中書(shu)門下平(ping)章(zhang)事,終年七十歲,贈太子少保(bao)、子峰(feng)。
第五(wu)可(ke)范:唐(tang)昭宗的親信宦官,后來權(quan)臣朱溫迫使唐(tang)昭宗將第五(wu)可(ke)范賜死。
第(di)五均:宋朝人,官至宰相,生卒不(bu)詳(xiang)。
中國(guo)復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)主(zhu)要聚居(ju)在陜西省(sheng)咸(xian)陽(yang)市的魏(wei)洛(luo)村(cun)和埝口五(wu)村(cun),這兩個(ge)(ge)村(cun)子除了個(ge)(ge)別的雜姓(xing)(xing)外(wai),基本都復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)。另外(wai)在全國(guo)各地的其它地方也散居(ju)著(zhu)很多復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)。臺灣有7家復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu),其祖先在今天的魏(wei)洛(luo)村(cun),主(zhu)要居(ju)住在臺北市內湖區。
中國復姓(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)”聚居最(zui)(zui)多的(de)就是在(zai)陜(shan)西省旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)縣太村鎮赤(chi)道社區(qu)魏洛村,全村有4000多人都(dou)姓(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)”。據(ju)村民介紹,第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)田齊王族之后(hou)。祖上(shang)傳說在(zai)漢朝(chao)就住在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里。村上(shang)建有“第(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)三朝(chao)宰(zai)相(xiang)祠(ci)堂”,即(ji)東(dong)漢漢明帝時(shi)期(qi)大(da)司空:第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫,唐朝(chao)唐肅(su)宗時(shi)期(qi)宰(zai)相(xiang):第(di)五(wu)(wu)琦(qi),宋朝(chao)(時(shi)期(qi)不(bu)(bu)詳)宰(zai)相(xiang):第(di)五(wu)(wu)均。有“第(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)宗族家(jia)譜(pu)”。2007年1月13日,陜(shan)西省涇陽(yang)縣埝口(kou)五(wu)(wu)村。中國國家(jia)地理雜志(zhi)的(de)攝影師馬宏杰指揮(hui)幾十位村民拍集體(ti)照(zhao),因為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)些村民都(dou)姓(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)五(wu)(wu)”這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)姓(xing)其實并不(bu)(bu)鮮見,古時(shi)候從“第(di)一”到“第(di)八”都(dou)是姓(xing)氏(shi),《百家(jia)姓(xing)》中的(de)最(zui)(zui)后(hou)8個(ge)字就是“第(di)五(wu)(wu)言福、百家(jia)姓(xing)終”。第(di)一到第(di)八都(dou)曾存(cun)在(zai)過,不(bu)(bu)過現(xian)在(zai)第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)最(zui)(zui)多的(de)了(le),第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)主要分布(bu)在(zai)陜(shan)西涇陽(yang)和旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)。
今江蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)揚(yang)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi)(shi),陜西省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)咸陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)涇陽縣(xian)(xian)、旬(xun)邑(yi)縣(xian)(xian)、彬縣(xian)(xian)、西安市(shi)(shi)(shi)高陵縣(xian)(xian),寧(ning)夏回族(zu)自治區的(de)(de)吳忠市(shi)(shi)(shi)、靈武市(shi)(shi)(shi),甘肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)慶陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)、浙江省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)舟山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)定海(hai)縣(xian)(xian),安徽省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)滁州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi),臺灣省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)臺北市(shi)(shi)(shi)內湖區等地,均有(you)第五氏族(zu)人(ren)分布,總人(ren)口在(zai)六千以上。
其中:姓第(di)(di)五(有(you)的寫成(cheng)第(di)(di)伍(wu))的在甘肅(su)有(you)178人(ren)(ren),姓第(di)(di)的有(you)1587人(ren)(ren),合計1765人(ren)(ren),主要分布在甘肅(su)省寧縣(xian)、慶(qing)城縣(xian)和合水(shui)縣(xian),蘭州市(shi)、嘉峪關市(shi)、白銀市(shi)也(ye)有(you)分布。甘肅(su)寧縣(xian)的第(di)(di)(第(di)(di)五)家族,主要居住在早勝鎮、良平鎮等地,據考證,其祖先是從陜西旬邑縣(xian)赤道鄉魏(wei)洛村遷(qian)徙而來。
《姓氏考略》:齊田氏后,漢時齊諸田徙至(zhi)京兆房陵,以(yi)次第(di)(di)為姓,有(you)第(di)(di)一至(zhi)第(di)(di)八(ba)。
《后(hou)漢書·第五倫傳》:后(hou)或改姓。