第(di)(di)五姓(xing)是(shi)漢族(zu)(zu)復(fu)姓(xing)之一,為田齊(qi)王(wang)族(zu)(zu)之后(hou)。秦末天下紛(fen)爭(zheng),起(qi)先被秦國所滅的六國,其王(wang)族(zu)(zu)后(hou)裔們(men),爭(zheng)先糾集(ji)人(ren)馬反秦復(fu)國;而(er)在漢高(gao)祖劉(liu)邦建立(li)漢朝后(hou),顧慮到這些復(fu)國失敗(bai)的舊(jiu)王(wang)族(zu)(zu)勢(shi)力,便將他們(men)紛(fen)紛(fen)遷(qian)出(chu)原籍,另(ling)外擇地安置。其中將田齊(qi)王(wang)族(zu)(zu)從第(di)(di)一到第(di)(di)八分為八支遷(qian)走,故而(er)后(hou)人(ren)以第(di)(di)次為姓(xing)氏,第(di)(di)五氏就為這里的一支。如今(jin),第(di)(di)五姓(xing)多分布于陜西涇(jing)陽、旬邑(yi)一帶,一些第(di)(di)五姓(xing)現多演化為第(di)(di)姓(xing)、五姓(xing)或伍姓(xing)。
第五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)出名的歷史人物有漢代大司空第五(wu)(wu)倫,唐代宰相第五(wu)(wu)琦(qi)等。
復姓第五可(ke)以追(zhui)溯(su)到舜帝,其(qi)后(hou)(hou)有姚、媯(gui)、陳(chen)(chen)、胡(hu)、田,皆為同根同源,史(shi)稱“媯(gui)汭五姓”。后(hou)(hou)舜的后(hou)(hou)裔不斷發(fa)展(zhan),一直到商朝(chao)后(hou)(hou)期,舜的后(hou)(hou)代閼(e)父歸順于(yu)周文王(wang),任(ren)陶正之(zhi)官。后(hou)(hou)周武王(wang)消(xiao)滅商紂,建立周朝(chao),并將長女大姬嫁與閼(e)父之(zhi)子媯(gui)滿(舜后(hou)(hou)33代孫(sun))。后(hou)(hou)來,武王(wang)追(zhui)封(feng)上古圣王(wang)的后(hou)(hou)裔,媯(gui)滿氏(shi)(shi)因此被(bei)封(feng)為陳(chen)(chen)侯,位于(yu)陳(chen)(chen)地,國都位于(yu)今天(tian)河南(nan)淮陽(yang)縣。媯(gui)滿史(shi)稱陳(chen)(chen)胡(hu)公,胡(hu)公滿,其(qi)后(hou)(hou)代以國為姓,從(cong)而產生(sheng)了陳(chen)(chen)氏(shi)(shi),后(hou)(hou)代以胡(hu)公謚(shi)號為氏(shi)(shi),產生(sheng)了胡(hu)氏(shi)(shi)。
陳姓(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)春秋(qiu)中期(qi)分出田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。在(zai)陳厲(li)(li)公(gong)時,陳國發生了爭奪君(jun)位的內亂,陳厲(li)(li)公(gong)之子陳完逃出齊(qi)國避難,為避禍而改為田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),陳完是(shi)田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)的始祖。陳完在(zai)齊(qi)國受到禮遇,任工正(zheng)。
陳完的(de)后代田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏家(jia)族(zu)在齊(qi)國(guo)逐(zhu)漸發展,后掌握齊(qi)國(guo)國(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前481年(nian)(nian)(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)乞之子田(tian)(tian)(tian)恒(田(tian)(tian)(tian)常子)殺齊(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)(gong)與(yu)諸多公(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu),另立齊(qi)平公(gong)(gong)(gong),進一步把持政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan),又以“修公(gong)(gong)(gong)行賞”爭(zheng)取民心。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前391年(nian)(nian)(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)成子四世孫田(tian)(tian)(tian)和(he)廢齊(qi)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前386年(nian)(nian)(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)和(he)放逐(zhu)齊(qi)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)于海上,自立為國(guo)君(jun),同年(nian)(nian)(nian)為周安王冊命(ming)為齊(qi)侯(hou),并(bing)受(shou)到諸侯(hou)列國(guo)的(de)承認,這就是(shi)歷史(shi)上著名的(de)“田(tian)(tian)(tian)代齊(qi)姜(jiang)”。前379年(nian)(nian)(nian),齊(qi)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)死,姜(jiang)姓齊(qi)國(guo)絕祀。田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏仍(reng)以“齊(qi)”作為國(guo)號,史(shi)稱“田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)”。
西(xi)漢時期,為了增強(qiang)關中的經濟實(shi)力,削(xue)弱(ruo)各地豪強(qiang)的殘余勢力。將齊田氏分為八部,分別(bie)遷往(wang)西(xi)安一(yi)帶,并要他們改(gai)姓“第(di)(di)一(yi)”“第(di)(di)二”……一(yi)直到(dao)“第(di)(di)八”。
所(suo)以第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)出自(zi)田(tian)(tian)姓(xing),源自(zi)漢代遷(qian)徙(xi)齊(qi)(qi)國公(gong)族(zu)所(suo)改。據(ju)《姓(xing)氏(shi)考略》載:“齊(qi)(qi)田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)后(hou)(hou),漢時齊(qi)(qi)諸田(tian)(tian)徙(xi)至(zhi)京(jing)兆房陵,以次第(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)姓(xing),有第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)八。”又《后(hou)(hou)漢書·第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)倫傳》載:“后(hou)(hou)或改姓(xing)。”漢高祖劉邦建立漢朝后(hou)(hou),為(wei)(wei)(wei)了增(zeng)強關中的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)實力,削弱地方門(men)閥勢力,將豪族(zu)名門(men)共十(shi)萬多人(ren)都遷(qian)徙(xi)到關中房陵(今陜西咸陽一(yi)(yi)帶)一(yi)(yi)帶定居。在(zai)遷(qian)徙(xi)原齊(qi)(qi)國田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)貴族(zu)時,因族(zu)大人(ren)眾,以門(men)第(di)(di)(di)(di)順序被分為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)八氏(shi),例如田(tian)(tian)廣的(de)弟弟田(tian)(tian)英為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)八氏(shi),其孫田(tian)(tian)登為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二氏(shi),元(yuan)孫田(tian)(tian)癸為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi),第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)就(jiu)是其中的(de)一(yi)(yi)支(zhi),也就(jiu)產生了第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)氏(shi)。唯有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)”氏(shi)這一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)后(hou)(hou)來出了不少(shao)名人(ren),得以較(jiao)普遍(bian)流傳,所(suo)以作為(wei)(wei)(wei)顯姓(xing)收到《續(xu)百家姓(xing)》中。第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)八等(deng)姓(xing),后(hou)(hou)來都改為(wei)(wei)(wei)單姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)”及“五(wu)”(伍(wu))兩個姓(xing)氏(shi),現在(zai)保留復姓(xing)的(de)很少(shao)。
隴西(xi)郡:秦置隴西(xi)郡,治(zhi)狄(di)道(今甘肅省臨洮南)。曹(cao)魏(wei)移治(zhi)襄武(今東鄉(xiang)以東及隴西(xi)南一帶地(di)區)。隋唐為渭州隴西(xi)郡。
東(dong)(dong)郡(jun):東(dong)(dong)郡(jun)始建于秦(qin)始皇(huang)五年(nian)(庚申,公元前242年(nian)),取原魏國之(zhi)地(di)置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),包(bao)括河(he)北大名府、山東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)昌府、及長清縣(xian)(xian)以(yi)西(xi)一帶(dai)(dai)地(di)區。西(xi)漢時(shi)期因之(zhi),治所在(zai)(zai)濮(pu)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)濮(pu)陽(yang)),其時(shi)轄地(di)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)仆陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)及山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)部(bu)一帶(dai)(dai)地(di)區。東(dong)(dong)漢初(chu)其平中嘗治武(wu)陽(yang),臧(zang)洪(hong)為(wei)太(tai)守(shou),又治東(dong)(dong)武(wu)陽(yang)。西(xi)晉朝(chao)(chao)時(shi)期廢黜,東(dong)(dong)晉朝(chao)(chao)復置(zhi),在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)滑縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)。北魏王(wang)朝(chao)(chao)徙治至滑臺(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)滑縣(xian)(xian)),隋朝(chao)(chao)初(chu)期廢黜,后曾(ceng)以(yi)兗州(zhou)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),此兗州(zhou)是(shi)由滑州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)滑縣(xian)(xian))改名而成,并非今(jin)(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)之(zhi)兗州(zhou)。南(nan)(nan)朝(chao)(chao)宋國再置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),在(zai)(zai)河(he)南(nan)(nan)陳州(zhou)府境。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡堂(tang):以望立堂(tang),亦稱江扈堂(tang)。
廉貞忠厚;正直清高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上聯典(dian)指(zhi)東漢長陵人(ren)第(di)(di)五倫,字伯魚,耿直無(wu)私,以(yi)清節著(zhu)稱。建(jian)武(wu)年間(jian)舉孝廉,官會稽太(tai)守(shou),章(zhang)帝時任司空。下聯典(dian)指(zhi)第(di)(di)五倫的曾孫第(di)(di)五種。
清高正直;忠厚(hou)廉貞。
——佚名撰第五姓宗祠通用(yong)聯(lian)
上聯(lian)典(dian)指東漢·第五(wu)(wu)種(zhong)為官清正,名(ming)冠州郡,時人謂:“清高正直,以種(zhong)為首。”下聯(lian)典(dian)指第五(wu)(wu)種(zhong)的曾祖父第五(wu)(wu)倫為司空,奉公盡節,所得(de)俸祿(lu)僅給衣(yi)食,余皆散(san)資貧民。
維(wei)揚(yang)邗(han)東第五(wu)氏宗譜(pu),著者待(dai)考,民國年間木(mu)刻活字印本兩冊。現被(bei)收(shou)藏(zang)在江蘇省常州市家譜(pu)收(shou)藏(zang)者朱炳國處(chu)。
陜西(xi)旬邑第五氏(shi)家譜,著者待考,民國年間手寫本。現(xian)被收藏在(zai)陜西(xi)省咸陽市旬邑縣魏洛(luo)村第五氏(shi)宗祠。
第(di)五(wu)倫(lun):字伯魚,京兆長陵人也,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)大司(si)空(即東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)宰相)。其先齊諸(zhu)田(tian),諸(zhu)田(tian)徙園陵者多,故以(yi)次(ci)第(di)為(wei)氏。第(di)五(wu)倫(lun)曾為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)初年光武帝(di)(di)、明帝(di)(di)、章(zhang)帝(di)(di)三(san)朝(chao)元(yuan)老(lao),為(wei)官清廉(lian)無私,盡(jin)忠守節,其后輩有五(wu)人在朝(chao)為(wei)官,與東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)相始終。
第(di)(di)五頡:字(zi)子(zi)陵(ling),第(di)(di)五倫少(shao)子(zi);京(jing)兆長陵(ling)人(今陜(shan)西咸陽)。著名東(dong)漢(han)大(da)(da)臣。先為(wei)郡(jun)功(gong)曹(cao),州從(cong)事,公府辟舉高第(di)(di),后(hou)為(wei)侍(shi)御史,南頓令,桂陽、南陽、廬江三(san)郡(jun)太守,諫議大(da)(da)夫(fu)。漢(han)順(shun)帝之為(wei)太子(zi)廢也,第(di)(di)五頡為(wei)太中大(da)(da)夫(fu),與太仆來歷等共守闕固爭。漢(han)順(shun)帝即位,第(di)(di)五頡擢為(wei)將作大(da)(da)匠,卒官(guan)。
第(di)五(wu)種(zhong):字興先,歷官高(gao)密侯(hou)相、兗州刺史。因彈劾中常侍單超及其侄子單匡,屢受(shou)陷害。當時人說(shuo):“清高(gao)正(zheng)直,以(yi)第(di)五(wu)種(zhong)為(wei)第(di)一。”
第五訪:字仲謀,東(dong)漢中期京兆長陵(ling)(今(jin)陜西省咸陽市東(dong)北)人。
第(di)五上:東漢刺史,為官冠名州郡(jun),永壽中(zhong)以(yi)奉使稱(cheng)職,拜高密侯相(xiang),懲(cheng)治貪惡,剛(gang)直不宥。
第五元先:東漢學者,通京氏易、公羊春(chun)秋、三統歷、九(jiu)章(zhang)算術(shu),為(wei)鄭康成之師。
第五琦:唐代同中書(shu)門(men)下平章(zhang)事(即(ji)唐朝宰(zai)相)。曾為(wei)扶風郡公,京兆尹(yin),改戶部侍(shi)郎,判(pan)度(du)支(zhi)等,能言強國富民(min)術,不益(yi)賦而用以饒。乾元時升(sheng)任同中書(shu)門(men)下平章(zhang)事,終年七十歲,贈(zeng)太子(zi)少(shao)保(bao)、子(zi)峰。
第五(wu)可(ke)范(fan):唐(tang)昭宗的親信(xin)宦官,后(hou)來權臣(chen)朱溫迫使唐(tang)昭宗將第五(wu)可(ke)范(fan)賜死。
第五均:宋朝(chao)人,官至(zhi)宰相,生(sheng)卒不詳。
中國復(fu)(fu)姓第(di)五(wu)(wu)主要聚(ju)居在(zai)(zai)陜西省(sheng)咸陽市(shi)的(de)(de)魏洛村(cun)和埝口五(wu)(wu)村(cun),這兩個村(cun)子除了(le)個別的(de)(de)雜姓外,基(ji)本(ben)都復(fu)(fu)姓第(di)五(wu)(wu)。另外在(zai)(zai)全國各地的(de)(de)其它(ta)地方也散居著很(hen)多(duo)復(fu)(fu)姓第(di)五(wu)(wu)。臺灣有(you)7家復(fu)(fu)姓第(di)五(wu)(wu),其祖先在(zai)(zai)今天的(de)(de)魏洛村(cun),主要居住在(zai)(zai)臺北市(shi)內(nei)湖區。
中(zhong)國復姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)”聚居最多的(de)(de)就是在(zai)陜(shan)西省(sheng)旬邑縣(xian)太村(cun)鎮赤道社區(qu)魏洛村(cun),全村(cun)有4000多人(ren)都姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)”。據村(cun)民介紹,第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)為田齊王族之后。祖(zu)上傳說在(zai)漢朝就住在(zai)這里。村(cun)上建有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)三朝宰相祠堂”,即東漢漢明(ming)帝時(shi)(shi)期大司空:第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)倫(lun),唐(tang)朝唐(tang)肅宗時(shi)(shi)期宰相:第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)琦,宋朝(時(shi)(shi)期不(bu)詳)宰相:第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)均。有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)宗族家譜”。2007年1月13日,陜(shan)西省(sheng)涇陽縣(xian)埝口五(wu)村(cun)。中(zhong)國國家地理雜志的(de)(de)攝影(ying)師馬宏杰指揮幾十位村(cun)民拍(pai)集體照,因(yin)為這些村(cun)民都姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)”。“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)”這個(ge)姓(xing)其(qi)實并不(bu)鮮見,古時(shi)(shi)候(hou)從“第(di)(di)(di)(di)一”到“第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)”都是姓(xing)氏(shi),《百家姓(xing)》中(zhong)的(de)(de)最后8個(ge)字(zi)就是“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)言福、百家姓(xing)終”。第(di)(di)(di)(di)一到第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)都曾存在(zai)過(guo),不(bu)過(guo)現在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)最多的(de)(de)了,第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)主要分布在(zai)陜(shan)西涇陽和旬邑。
今江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)的(de)揚州(zhou)市(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi),陜(shan)西省(sheng)的(de)咸陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)涇陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、旬邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、彬縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、西安(an)市(shi)(shi)高陵縣(xian)(xian)(xian),寧夏回族自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)的(de)吳忠市(shi)(shi)、靈武市(shi)(shi),甘肅省(sheng)的(de)慶陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、浙江(jiang)省(sheng)的(de)舟山(shan)市(shi)(shi)定海(hai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),安(an)徽(hui)省(sheng)的(de)滁州(zhou)市(shi)(shi),臺(tai)灣省(sheng)的(de)臺(tai)北(bei)市(shi)(shi)內湖區(qu)等地,均有第五氏族人分布(bu),總人口在(zai)六千以上。
其中:姓(xing)(xing)第五(wu)(有(you)的(de)(de)寫成第伍)的(de)(de)在(zai)甘肅(su)有(you)178人(ren)(ren),姓(xing)(xing)第的(de)(de)有(you)1587人(ren)(ren),合計(ji)1765人(ren)(ren),主要(yao)分布在(zai)甘肅(su)省(sheng)寧縣(xian)(xian)、慶城縣(xian)(xian)和(he)合水(shui)縣(xian)(xian),蘭州市(shi)、嘉(jia)峪關市(shi)、白銀市(shi)也(ye)有(you)分布。甘肅(su)寧縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)第(第五(wu))家(jia)族,主要(yao)居(ju)住在(zai)早(zao)勝鎮、良平(ping)鎮等地(di),據考證,其祖先是從陜(shan)西旬邑縣(xian)(xian)赤道(dao)鄉魏洛村遷徙(xi)而來(lai)。
《姓(xing)氏考略》:齊田氏后,漢時(shi)齊諸田徙(xi)至京兆(zhao)房陵,以次(ci)第為姓(xing),有第一至第八。
《后(hou)漢書·第五倫(lun)傳》:后(hou)或改(gai)姓。