公(gong)孫姓(xing)(xing):漢族復姓(xing)(xing)之一(yi)。據傳,源于(yu)5000多(duo)年前的華夏(xia)時代,是中國(guo)最古老的姓(xing)(xing)氏之一(yi)。在《百(bai)家姓(xing)(xing)》中排(pai)(pai)名(ming)第428位。在2007年全國(guo)姓(xing)(xing)氏人口排(pai)(pai)名(ming)第300位以外(wai)。
春秋(qiu)時期,各國諸侯不論爵(jue)位(wei)大(da)小(xiao),多喜歡稱公(gong)。按照周朝制度,國君一般由嫡(di)長子(zi)(zi)繼(ji)位(wei),即位(wei)前稱為(wei)太子(zi)(zi),其他(ta)的(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)便(bian)稱為(wei)公(gong)子(zi)(zi),公(gong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)則稱公(gong)孫(sun)。他(ta)們的(de)(de)后代便(bian)有(you)不少(shao)人便(bian)以公(gong)孫(sun)為(wei)姓。
《通(tong)志(zhi)》載(zai):"公孫(sun)氏(shi),春秋時諸侯(hou)之孫(sun),亦以(yi)為(wei)氏(shi)者(zhe),曰公孫(sun)氏(shi),皆貴族(zu)之稱。或跟黃(huang)帝姓公孫(sun),因以(yi)為(wei)氏(shi)。”
公孫(Gōng sūn)姓,源出有二:
源(yuan)于身份,出自(zi)兩周時期各諸侯(hou)國王族的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔,屬于以貴胄身份稱(cheng)謂為(wei)氏(shi)(shi)。春秋時期,各國諸侯(hou)不論爵位(wei)大小,多有被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)“公(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)。按周王朝的(de)典(dian)禮(li)制度,國君一(yi)般由(you)嫡(di)長子(zi)繼位(wei),即(ji)位(wei)前稱(cheng)為(wei)太(tai)子(zi),其他的(de)兒子(zi)便稱(cheng)為(wei)公(gong)(gong)子(zi),公(gong)(gong)子(zi)的(de)兒子(zi)則稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。在這些公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔子(zi)孫(sun)中,有許多人便以身份稱(cheng)謂“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)”為(wei)姓氏(shi)(shi)者(zhe),稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)(shi),因此,公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)并(bing)非一(yi)族一(yi)姓的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)人。
出(chu)自姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),黃帝姬軒(xuan)轅的(de)后(hou)裔(yi)有(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏。最初(chu)出(chu)現的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏是(shi)在上古時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期。據《路史》載(zai):“神(shen)農同(tong)母弟勖(xu),嗣少典(dian)國君,世為諸侯(hou),后(hou)以公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)為姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。軒(xuan)轅帝初(chu)名公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),后(hou)改姬。”所有(you)他的(de)后(hou)代里(li),有(you)部分(fen)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun),稱公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏。在春秋時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),各國各地的(de)諸侯(hou),大多(duo)喜(xi)歡被稱為“公(gong)(gong)(gong)”。以當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)制度,國君將由國君的(de)嫡系(xi)長子(zi)(zi)繼承。正式(shi)登基前,應(ying)先(xian)立為太子(zi)(zi),此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其他的(de)兒子(zi)(zi)將稱為公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)諸侯(hou)的(de)兒子(zi)(zi)也是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),而(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)兒子(zi)(zi)就是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。這(zhe)些公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)們的(de)后(hou)代為突出(chu)祖出(chu)祖先(xian)曾有(you)過的(de)皇室血統(tong),就改姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)。這(zhe)樣,公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)作為一種姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏的(de)榮譽而(er)流傳甚(shen)廣。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)它(ta)的(de)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏來源就五花(hua)八門,不(bu)一而(er)足了。故公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)(sun)氏的(de)始祖是(shi)黃帝軒(xuan)轅。
這在史籍(ji)《廣韻》中(zhong)有記載:“古(gu)封公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后,皆自稱(cheng)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun),故其(qi)姓多,非一族也。”又據(ju)史籍(ji)《通志》記載:“公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏,春秋時(shi)諸(zhu)侯之(zhi)孫(sun),亦以為氏者,曰公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏,皆貴族之(zhi)稱(cheng)。或眼黃帝姓公(gong)(gong)孫(sun),因以為氏。”
存疑:黃帝姬姓(xing),不可能姓(xing)公孫
黃帝(di)(di)姓公孫的(de)(de)說法(fa)主要來源于《史(shi)記(ji)·五帝(di)(di)本紀》,而(er)早于《史(shi)記(ji)》的(de)(de)《國語·晉(jin)語》卻記(ji)載(zai):“黃帝(di)(di)以姬(ji)水(今(jin)陜甘的(de)(de)渭、湟之(zhi)間)成(cheng),炎帝(di)(di)以姜(jiang)水(經(jing)岐(qi)(qi)山、扶風、武(wu)功(gong)入渭之(zhi)岐(qi)(qi)水)成(cheng),故黃帝(di)(di)為姬(ji),炎帝(di)(di)為姜(jiang)。“
《史記(ji)》記(ji)載:“黃(huang)帝二十五(wu)子,其得姓(xing)者(zhe)十四(si)人。”
《國(guo)語(yu)·晉語(yu)》謂十四(si)人實有十二姓,即姬、酉、祁、己、滕、葴、任、荀(xun)、僖、姞(ji)、儇、衣。其中青陽與夷鼓同為己姓,玄囂與蒼(cang)林同為姬姓。十四(si)個兒子(zi)(zi)中并無姓公(gong)孫者。兒子(zi)(zi)中沒有姓公(gong)孫的,那么孫子(zi)(zi)中會有么?
清崔述《補上古考信錄(lu)》指(zhi)出:“公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)是公(gong)之孫(sun)(sun)(sun),上古時無此(公(gong)孫(sun)(sun)(sun))稱。”
黃帝是少典的兒(er)子(zi),姓公(gong)孫,名軒轅。傳說是神農的同父(fu)異(yi)母弟(di):“嗣少典國君,世為(wei)諸侯(hou)”,在他的后代中(zhong),就有人以公(gong)孫為(wei)姓。黃帝軒轅氏曾姓過“公(gong)孫”,后來改成姬姓,所有他的后代里,有部分姓公(gong)孫,另有部分姓姬,再有少數(shu)以軒轅為(wei)姓。
漢魏(wei)時期遼東公孫氏(shi)世家(jia):
第一代:公孫延
第二代:公孫度
第三代:公(gong)孫康、公(gong)孫恭
第四代:公孫(sun)晃、公孫(sun)淵
第五代:公孫修
公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)是(shi)一(yi)個古老的(de)漢族(zu)姓氏(shi),但人口總(zong)數在中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)大陸和臺灣省均未列入百家姓前三百位,在宋版《百家姓》中(zhong)排序(xu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)第四百二(er)十九位門閥(fa)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)一(yi)姓源遠流(liu)長,據(ju)《路史》上記(ji)載,軒轅氏(shi)初姓公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun),后(hou)(hou)(hou)改姓姬(ji)。由此(ci)看來,“公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)”一(yi)詞(ci),自古以(yi)來本身的(de)意義便(bian)十分尊榮也就不足為(wei)(wei)(wei)奇了(le)(le)。從《廣韻》上記(ji)載:“封公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),自皆稱公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。”可(ke)知,春秋(qiu)時(shi)期列國(guo)諸(zhu)(zhu)侯的(de)子(zi)孫(sun),被尊稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。從《通志·氏(shi)族(zu)略(lve)》記(ji)載“公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),皆貴者(zhe)之(zhi)稱。”可(ke)見,后(hou)(hou)(hou)來“公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)”的(de)意義延伸(shen)了(le)(le),一(yi)般人也尊稱貴胄的(de)子(zi)弟(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)。如如今的(de)對(dui)人的(de)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)”稱謂。據(ju)說春秋(qiu)時(shi)代出身于諸(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)家的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun),干脆(cui)以(yi)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)姓,也稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi)了(le)(le)。由此(ci)可(ke)見,公(gong)(gong)(gong)孫(sun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)姓的(de)中(zhong)國(guo)人中(zhong),并不完(wan)全是(shi)一(yi)脈相承自黃帝,其中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)部分是(shi)春秋(qiu)貴族(zu)的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔。
公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)大陸和臺灣(wan)百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)中名列(lie)一百位之后。在(zai)古(gu)代(dai),孫(sun)字可泛(fan)指后代(dai)人(ren),而公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)兩字,也可用來泛(fan)指王(wang)公(gong)(gong)貴族的(de)后代(dai)。有些王(wang)公(gong)(gong)貴族的(de)后代(dai)以公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)的(de)稱呼(hu)為榮,便相延世(shi)代(dai)成為姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。古(gu)書《通志》說(shuo),相傳遠古(gu)時黃(huang)帝(di)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)孫(sun),于(yu)是便有這(zhe)一姓(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)廣泛(fan)流傳。
公孫氏望族居高(gao)陽郡(jun)(今山東臨淄)、扶風(feng)郡(jun)(今陜西咸陽)。今山東、云南兩省還有(you)公孫氏族人(ren)分布。
扶風(feng)郡(jun):周朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)置(zhi)郡(jun),其時(shi)轄(xia)地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)興(xing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣、咸陽市一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。漢(han)朝武帝太初元年(nian)(丁丑(chou),公元前104年(nian))置(zhi)右扶風(feng),與京兆、左馮翊合為三輔,治(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)興(xing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)市,其時(shi)轄(xia)地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)長安縣以西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、鳳翔縣一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)。三國(guo)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)曹(cao)魏國(guo)改名為扶風(feng)郡(jun),治(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)隗里(今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)興(xing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)),其時(shi)轄(xia)地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)麟游縣、干縣以西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),秦嶺以北(bei)、山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)縣以南一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。五代時(shi)期(qi)(qi)后(hou)漢(han)將(jiang)其轄(xia)地(di)(di)(di)定在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)咸陽市一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)晉朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)移治(zhi)到(dao)池陽(今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)涇陽),南北(bei)朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)的北(bei)魏移治(zhi)所到(dao)好疇(今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)乾縣)。隋、唐兩朝以今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)岐(qi)州一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)為扶風(feng)郡(jun)。
高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun):歷史上(shang)的高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)有三:①戰國時期(qi)為高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)邑,亦稱高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)鄉,在今河(he)南杞縣西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu),秦朝(chao)末期(qi)酈(li)食其自稱“高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)酒徒”,其“高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)”即指該地區。②東漢桓(huan)帝時期(qi)(公(gong)元(yuan)147~167年(nian)(nian))又置(zhi)高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun),治(zhi)所在高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)(今河(he)北(bei)(bei)高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)),其時轄地在今河(he)北(bei)(bei)省高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)縣一帶。晉朝(chao)泰始初期(qi)(乙酉,公(gong)元(yuan)265年(nian)(nian))置(zhi)高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)國,治(zhi)所在博陸(今河(he)北(bei)(bei)蠡縣),時轄四縣,轄境包(bao)括今保定(ding)、清苑、高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)、博野、蠡縣等縣地。③北(bei)(bei)魏時期(qi)另置(zhi)青(qing)州高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun),轄地在今山東省淄博市臨淄區西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)一帶,隋朝(chao)開皇初年(nian)(nian)(辛丑,公(gong)元(yuan)581年(nian)(nian))被廢黜。公(gong)孫(sun)氏望族的高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun),是指③之所處(chu)。
扶風堂:以望立堂。
高陽堂:以望立堂。
白馬堂:東漢末期公孫瓚被封為討虜將軍,屢次打敗胡(hu)虜,除遼東屬國長史。常乘(cheng)白馬,烏(wu)桓(huan)怕他,互相告語:“我們要避開白馬長史。”
忠(zhong)義(yi)堂:春秋(qiu)時(shi)公孫(sun)(sun)杵臼(jiu)(jiu)和(he)程(cheng)嬰(ying)都是(shi)趙(zhao)(zhao)朔(shuo)的門客。趙(zhao)(zhao)朔(shuo)為屠(tu)岸賈所殺,朔(shuo)妻遺腹生(sheng)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)。杵臼(jiu)(jiu)和(he)程(cheng)嬰(ying)設(she)計保存趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤(gu)兒:杵臼(jiu)(jiu)把自(zi)己(ji)的兒子(zi)(zi)藏在山(shan)中,派程(cheng)嬰(ying)向(xiang)屠(tu)岸賈回報(bao)說是(shi)趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤(gu)兒。屠(tu)岸賈就把公孫(sun)(sun)杵臼(jiu)(jiu)的兒子(zi)(zi)當成(cheng)趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤(gu)兒和(he)公孫(sun)(sun)杵臼(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)起殺了。程(cheng)嬰(ying)保護(hu)著趙(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)孤(gu)兒長(chang)大成(cheng)人,終(zhong)于報(bao)了趙(zhao)(zhao)朔(shuo)被殺之仇。人稱(cheng)公孫(sun)(sun)杵臼(jiu)(jiu)舍掉自(zi)己(ji)的兒子(zi)(zi)和(he)自(zi)己(ji)的命(ming)存主(zhu)人之孤(gu),既(ji)忠(zhong)且義(yi)。
人稱書庫,力卻弓旌
上聯典指(zhi)隋朝時期的(de)(de)阜城(cheng)人公孫(sun)(sun)景茂,字元蔚,博覽經史(shi),在(zai)西(xi)魏時任太常博士(shi),對經史(shi)的(de)(de)錯誤多有改動,當時人稱(cheng)為“書庫”。隋開皇初(chu)年官(guan)汝南太守(shou),后歷任息(xi)州(zhou)刺史(shi)、道州(zhou)刺史(shi)、淄(zi)州(zhou)刺史(shi),所到(dao)之處,常用(yong)自(zi)己的(de)(de)薪(xin)俸幫(bang)助病人、窮人。下聯典指(zhi)晉朝時期的(de)(de)上谷人公孫(sun)(sun)鳳,字上鸞,隱(yin)居在(zai)昌黎(li)的(de)(de)九(jiu)城(cheng)山(shan)谷,冬穿單衣,夏(xia)吃(chi)餿食,彈琴吟詠(yong),悠然自(zi)得。朝廷(ting)屢次征召(zhao),不為所動。“弓旌”,為古(gu)代(dai)征聘士(shi)大夫之禮(li)。
趙家義士,孟氏門人
上(shang)聯典指春秋(qiu)時期的晉國(guo)公孫杵臼。下(xia)聯典指春秋(qiu)戰國(guo)時期的齊國(guo)公孫丑。
脫粟稱平津儉,舞劍示懷素書
上聯(lian)典(dian)指(zhi)漢朝時期(qi)(qi)的(de)薛人公(gong)孫(sun)弘,字季,小時候家(jia)里貧窮(qiong),四(si)十多歲始學(xue)《春秋(qiu)·雜說》,漢武(wu)帝兩次征(zheng)召為博(bo)士,后(hou)任(ren)丞(cheng)相,封平津侯(hou),生活儉樸(pu),經常吃(chi)糙米,人們(men)都(dou)佩服他(ta)的(de)勤(qin)儉。下聯(lian)典(dian)指(zhi)唐朝時期(qi)(qi)的(de)教坊舞伎公(gong)孫(sun)大(da)娘,善舞劍器,名冠一時。杜甫曾(ceng)有《觀公(gong)孫(sun)大(da)娘弟子舞劍器行》詩。書(shu)法家(jia)懷素曾(ceng)見她舞西河劍器,遂凈(jing)其舞姿(zi)化用于書(shu)法,從此(ci)其草書(shu)大(da)有長進(jin),以狂草著名。
脫粟稱平津之儉,舞劍示懷素之書
上聯典指(zhi)漢朝(chao)時期的薛人公(gong)孫(sun)弘。下(xia)聯典指(zhi)唐朝(chao)時期的教坊舞(wu)伎公(gong)孫(sun)大娘(niang)。
孟門受精微之學(xue),行(xing)人擅(shan)修飾之能
上聯(lian)典指戰國時(shi)期(qi)的齊國人公孫(sun)丑,孟子(zi)弟子(zi),非常傾慕春秋(qiu)時(shi)齊國大(da)夫管仲(zhong)、晏(yan)嬰,曾(ceng)向(xiang)孟子(zi)請教他們(men)建功立業(ye)的精細隱微的問題。下聯(lian)典指春秋(qiu)時(shi)期(qi)的鄭國大(da)夫公孫(sun)揮,字(zi)子(zi)羽,鄭簡(jian)公時(shi)任行人(掌(zhang)管朝(chao)覲(jin)聘問的官)。《論(lun)語·憲問》中(zhong)曾(ceng)說:“鄭國外交辭(ci)令的創制(zhi),裨湛(zhan)起草,世叔討論(lun),行人子(zi)羽修飾,東里(li)子(zi)產(chan)潤色。”
孟氏(shi)及門,受精微之學;行人子羽,擅修(xiu)飾(shi)之能
上聯(lian)典指戰(zhan)國時期(qi)的公孫丑,孟子(zi)弟子(zi),曾向孟子(zi)問何謂“不(bu)動心”和“浩然之(zhi)氣(qi)”。又請問管仲和晏嬰(ying)的功(gong)業(ye)。下聯(lian)典指春秋時期(qi)的公孫揮,字子(zi)羽。熟諳諸侯(hou)政令,且嫻于辭(ci)令。仕行(xing)人。《論(lun)語》:“行(xing)人子(zi)羽修(xiu)飾之(zhi)。”《左傳》論(lun)述:“鄭國將有諸侯(hou)(外交)之(zhi)事,子(zi)產乃問四(si)國之(zhi)事于子(zi)羽。”
黃帝(di)(di):姓公孫(sun)(一說為(wei)姬姓),名軒轅,號軒轅氏、有(you)熊(xiong)氏和歸藏(zang)氏,被(bei)尊奉(feng)為(wei)“中華(hua)始祖(zu)”。據《史記(ji)·五(wu)帝(di)(di)本記(ji)》記(ji)載(zai):“黃帝(di)(di)者,少典之子,姓公孫(sun),名軒轅。……黃帝(di)(di)居軒轅之丘”。華(hua)夏族的締(di)造(zao)者,五(wu)帝(di)(di)之首,有(you)些說法被(bei)列為(wei)三(san)皇(huang)之一,是(shi)公認的中華(hua)民族的祖(zu)先。
公孫僑(qiao):復姓(xing)公孫,名僑(qiao),字子產(chan)(chan),又字子美,鄭稱(cheng)公孫。春(chun)秋時期鄭國的(de)政治家和思想家。子產(chan)(chan)具有(you)人本(ben)主義的(de)思想,強調人事,但也不(bu)否(fou)認鬼(gui)神。提出(chu)“天(tian)道(dao)(dao)遠,人道(dao)(dao)邇,非所及也”。在子產(chan)(chan)看來,人道(dao)(dao)先于(yu)天(tian)道(dao)(dao),天(tian)道(dao)(dao)可以(yi)存(cun)而(er)不(bu)論,人道(dao)(dao)則不(bu)能不(bu)察(cha)。被(bei)清朝的(de)王(wang)源(yuan)推許(xu)為(wei)“春(chun)秋第一人”。
公(gong)孫(sun)鞅(yang)(yang),衛國(guo)國(guo)君(jun)的(de)后裔,姬姓(xing)、公(gong)孫(sun)氏(shi),故稱衛鞅(yang)(yang),又稱公(gong)孫(sun)鞅(yang)(yang),后封于商(shang)(shang)(shang),后人(ren)(ren)稱之商(shang)(shang)(shang)鞅(yang)(yang)。在(zai)秦國(guo)執政(zheng)十九年(nian),秦國(guo)大治,史稱商(shang)(shang)(shang)鞅(yang)(yang)變法。戰國(guo)時期(qi)政(zheng)治家,著(zhu)名法家代表人(ren)(ren)物(wu)。
公(gong)孫龍(long)(前320年-前250年):傳說字子秉,中國戰國時(shi)(shi)期趙國人,曾經做過平原君(jun)的(de)門客,名家的(de)代(dai)表人物,其(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)著(zhu)作(zuo)為(wei)《公(gong)孫龍(long)子》,西(xi)漢時(shi)(shi)共有14篇,唐代(dai)時(shi)(shi)分為(wei)三卷,北(bei)宋時(shi)(shi)遺(yi)失了(le)8篇,到(dao)如今(jin)只殘留6篇,共一卷。其(qi)中最重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)兩篇是《白(bai)馬(ma)論(lun)》和(he)《堅(jian)白(bai)論(lun)》,提出了(le)“白(bai)馬(ma)非馬(ma)”和(he)“離堅(jian)白(bai)”等論(lun)點(dian),是“離堅(jian)白(bai)”學派的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)代(dai)表。是著(zhu)名的(de)詭辯學代(dai)表著(zhu)作(zuo),提出了(le)邏(luo)輯學中的(de)“個(ge)別(bie)”和(he)“一般”之間(jian)的(de)相(xiang)互關(guan)系,但把(ba)它們之間(jian)的(de)區別(bie)夸大,割斷(duan)二者(zhe)的(de)聯系,是一種形而上學的(de)思想(xiang)體系。
公(gong)(gong)孫述(shu)(shu)(shu):西漢(han)末年(nian),天下紛擾,群雄競起,公(gong)(gong)孫述(shu)(shu)(shu)遂自稱輔漢(han)將軍兼領(ling)益(yi)州(zhou)牧(mu)。建武元年(nian)(25年(nian)),公(gong)(gong)孫述(shu)(shu)(shu)稱帝(di)于蜀(shu),國(guo)號成(cheng)家(jia)(一作大成(cheng)或(huo)成(cheng)),年(nian)號龍興。建武十一年(nian)(35年(nian)),漢(han)廷乃(nai)派兵(bing)(bing)征討,被公(gong)(gong)孫述(shu)(shu)(shu)所(suo)拒。次(ci)年(nian),復命大司(si)馬吳漢(han)舉兵(bing)(bing)來(lai)伐,攻(gong)破(po)成(cheng)都,縱兵(bing)(bing)大掠,盡誅公(gong)(gong)孫氏(shi),“成(cheng)家(jia)”為東漢(han)所(suo)亡。計公(gong)(gong)孫述(shu)(shu)(shu)割據益(yi)州(zhou)稱帝(di),共在位十二年(nian)。
公(gong)孫(sun)度(du)(150-204年(nian)(nian)(nian)):字升濟,遼(liao)東襄平(遼(liao)陽(yang))人。有二(er)子,公(gong)孫(sun)康,康弟公(gong)孫(sun)恭,康子公(gong)孫(sun)晃、公(gong)孫(sun)淵(yuan)。少隨父遷(qian)居玄(xuan)菟郡。初為(wei)玄(xuan)菟小(xiao)吏,繼升尚書郎、冀州刺史,后(hou)被(bei)免官。東漢(han)(han)中平六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(189年(nian)(nian)(nian)),經同鄉徐榮推薦(jian),被(bei)董卓(zhuo)任命為(wei)遼(liao)東太守(shou)。公(gong)孫(sun)度(du)到任后(hou),厲行(xing)嚴刑峻法,打擊(ji)豪強勢力,使令行(xing)政通,羽(yu)翼漸豐。漢(han)(han)獻帝初平元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(190年(nian)(nian)(nian)),中原地(di)區董卓(zhuo)亂起(qi),各地(di)軍閥無暇(xia)東顧。公(gong)孫(sun)度(du)趁機自(zi)(zi)立為(wei)遼(liao)東侯、平州牧。繼則東伐(fa)高句(ju)麗,西(xi)擊(ji)烏桓,向南取遼(liao)東半島,開疆(jiang)擴土;又招(zhao)賢納士,設館(guan)開學,廣招(zhao)流(liu)民,威(wei)行(xing)海外,儼然以遼(liao)東王自(zi)(zi)居。由于公(gong)孫(sun)度(du)的(de)(de)銳意進(jin)取和苦心經營,使遼(liao)東地(di)區在漢(han)(han)末三國的(de)(de)戰亂年(nian)(nian)(nian)代,獲得了暫時的(de)(de)安寧,推動了當(dang)地(di)生產技術和封建文化(hua)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。
公孫(sun)淵:字文懿(yi)。魏大司馬,封樂浪(lang)公。公孫(sun)度之孫(sun)。后自稱燕(yan)王。為司馬懿(yi)所破。
公(gong)孫瓚(zan)(?-199):字伯珪,漢族,遼西令(ling)支(今(jin)河北遷(qian)安(an))人。東(dong)漢末年獻(xian)帝年間占據(ju)幽州一帶的軍閥,漢末群雄之一。后(hou)為袁紹(shao)所(suo)破。其子公(gong)孫續(xu),被公(gong)孫瓚(zan)派(pai)往(wang)黑山求張燕來救已遲(chi)。后(hou)為屠各(ge)(休屠各(ge)的省稱(cheng),也稱(cheng)休屠)所(suo)殺。