漢語漢字,姓(xing)氏,丨(shu)(shu)[丨(shu)(shu),讀音作(zuo)gǔn(ㄍㄨㄣˇ),亦可(ke)讀作(zuo)xìn(ㄒㄧㄣˋ)或guāng(ㄍㄨㄤ)]
源于(yu)(yu)姜(jiang)姓,出(chu)自(zi)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)帝(di)王(wang)椲丨氏(shi)(shi),屬于(yu)(yu)以先祖名字為氏(shi)(shi)。據文獻(xian)《上(shang)(shang)海(hai)博物館(guan)藏(zang)戰國楚(chu)竹簡(jian)(二)·容成(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)》記載,上(shang)(shang)古(gu)帝(di)王(wang)傳說(shuo),起(qi)于(yu)(yu)容成(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)等最古(gu)的帝(di)王(wang)約二十一人(ren),止(zhi)于(yu)(yu)武王(wang)伐商(shang)終克之(zhi),“三代(dai)以上(shang)(shang),皆(jie)授賢不(bu)授子,天(tian)(tian)下艾安;三代(dai)以下,啟攻益,湯伐桀,文、武圖(tu)商(shang),則禪讓(rang)之(zhi)道廢而革命之(zhi)說(shuo)起(qi)。前后適成(cheng)對比。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)文云(yun):“容成(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)……尊盧氏(shi)(shi)、赫胥氏(shi)(shi)、喬結氏(shi)(shi)、倉頡氏(shi)(shi)、軒轅(yuan)氏(shi)(shi)、神農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)、椲丨氏(shi)(shi)、壚畢(bi)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)有天(tian)(tian)下也,皆(jie)不(bu)授其(qi)(qi)(qi)子而授賢。其(qi)(qi)(qi)德酋清,而上(shang)(shang)愛下,而一其(qi)(qi)(qi)志,而寢(qin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)兵,而官其(qi)(qi)(qi)材。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)中的“椲丨氏(shi)(shi)”,就(jiu)是(shi)后人(ren)所稱的渾沌氏(shi)(shi),是(shi)繼炎帝(di)神農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)后執(zhi)掌姜(jiang)姓東鳥(niao)族華夏部落聯盟的首領(ling),他對后世人(ren)在政治體制上(shang)(shang)最大的貢獻(xian),就(jiu)是(shi)建立了君主權禪讓(rang)制度。
椲(wei)(wei)丨氏(shi)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),通過(guo)禪(chan)(chan)讓(rang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),可以破(po)(po)除己身、己家(jia)的“小(xiao)我”,達到視天(tian)(tian)下(xia)若一(yi)家(jia)的“大我”,能(neng)實現“矜(jin)寡孤獨廢(fei)疾者(zhe),皆有所(suo)養”的社會(hui)理想。這種(zhong)禪(chan)(chan)讓(rang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),就是(shi)“以賢為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)繼(ji),天(tian)(tian)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)”,以確(que)保領(ling)導(dao)權執(zhi)掌的公(gong)(gong)平、公(gong)(gong)正,是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)原始(shi)氏(shi)族(zu)公(gong)(gong)社“原始(shi)共產主(zhu)義”的精神核心。對于“天(tian)(tian)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)”,著(zhu)名(ming)的東漢經學家(jia)鄭玄解(jie)釋為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):“公(gong)(gong)猶共也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。禪(chan)(chan)位(wei)授圣,不(bu)(bu)家(jia)之(zhi)。”故“天(tian)(tian)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)”實際(ji)是(shi)指(zhi)禪(chan)(chan)讓(rang)君主(zhu)領(ling)導(dao)權而(er)言。關于這一(yi)點,著(zhu)名(ming)的唐朝(chao)經學家(jia)孔(kong)穎達說得更明確(que):“天(tian)(tian)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong),謂(wei)天(tian)(tian)子位(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong),謂(wei)揖讓(rang)而(er)授圣德(de),不(bu)(bu)私傳(chuan)子孫,即廢(fei)朱、均而(er)用舜(shun)、禹(yu)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。選(xuan)賢與能(neng)者(zhe),向明不(bu)(bu)私傳(chuan)天(tian)(tian)位(wei),此(ci)明不(bu)(bu)世(shi)(shi)諸侯也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。國(guo)不(bu)(bu)傳(chuan)世(shi)(shi),唯選(xuan)賢與能(neng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”椲(wei)(wei)丨氏(shi)創建(jian)的這種(zhong)“以賢為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)繼(ji),天(tian)(tian)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)”君主(zhu)權力禪(chan)(chan)讓(rang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),一(yi)直延續(xu)到舜(shun)、禹(yu)時代,方被大禹(yu)所(suo)破(po)(po)壞。媯(gui)姓大禹(yu)終止了(le)禪(chan)(chan)讓(rang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),傳(chuan)位(wei)于自己的兒子啟(qi),啟(qi)以世(shi)(shi)家(jia)傳(chuan)承(cheng)的強權政治,建(jian)立(li)了(le)中國(guo)歷史(shi)上的第一(yi)個(ge)奴隸制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)家(jia)夏王朝(chao),史(shi)稱其為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“夏啟(qi)”。
在椲丨(shu)氏(shi)的后裔子孫冢(zhong),有以先(xian)祖(zu)名號(hao)“丨(shu)”為(wei)姓氏(shi)者,稱丨(shu)氏(shi),是(shi)當今(jin)所有姓氏(shi)用字中漢字筆劃最少的第(di)三位姓氏(shi)(第(di)一(yi)位為(wei)“丶(zhu)”氏(shi),第(di)二位為(wei)“一(yi)”氏(shi)),世(shi)居白邑(yi)一(yi)帶(dai)(今(jin)河南息縣),是(shi)非常古(gu)早的姓氏(shi)之一(yi),人口(kou)十分稀(xi)少,其姓氏(shi)讀(du)音作gǔn(ㄍㄨㄣˇ)。
源于羋姓(xing),出(chu)自顓(zhuan)頊帝的(de)(de)裔(yi)孫白(bai)公勝(sheng)之后,屬于漢族入旗改(gai)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)氏。據史籍(ji)《元和姓(xing)纂》、《尚(shang)龍(long)錄》等資料記載(zai),顓(zhuan)頊帝的(de)(de)后裔(yi)陸(lu)終(zhong)娶鬼方氏為(wei)(wei)(wei)妻,生下(xia)六個(ge)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),其中第六個(ge)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)叫季連,賜(si)姓(xing)羋。季連的(de)(de)后裔(yi)熊(xiong)繹(yi)在荊(jing)山一帶建(jian)諸侯(hou)國(guo),定都(dou)丹陽(yang)。公元前740年(nian)荊(jing)君(jun)熊(xiong)通自封為(wei)(wei)(wei)武王(wang)。他的(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于公元前689年(nian)遷都(dou)郢(ying),改(gai)國(guo)號楚(chu)。楚(chu)平(ping)王(wang)時,太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)因(yin)做晉軍襲鄭國(guo)的(de)(de)內(nei)應而被殺,太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)的(de)(de)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)熊(xiong)勝(sheng)便(bian)(bian)逃到吳(wu),投奔伍子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)胥(xu)。楚(chu)平(ping)工的(de)(de)孫子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)惠王(wang)即位后,楚(chu)令子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)西(xi)(xi)把熊(xiong)勝(sheng)招回國(guo),任巢(chao)大(da)夫,封在白(bai)邑(今河南(nan)息(xi)縣),稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)白(bai)公勝(sheng)。可晉國(guo)伐(fa)鄭,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)西(xi)(xi)出(chu)兵救(jiu)鄭,白(bai)公勝(sheng)因(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)西(xi)(xi)言而無信,便(bian)(bian)發(fa)動了(le)政(zheng)變,殺死子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)西(xi)(xi),囚禁惠王(wang),并著手改(gai)革(ge)朝政(zheng)以(yi)(yi)爭(zheng)取民心,但以(yi)(yi)失敗告終(zhong),自殺身亡。他逝世后,其子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孫便(bian)(bian)以(yi)(yi)祖輩封邑名為(wei)(wei)(wei)氏,稱白(bai)氏,是為(wei)(wei)(wei)河南(nan)白(bai)氏;也(ye)有以(yi)(yi)“白(bai)公”、“白(bai)侯(hou)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)氏的(de)(de)。
唐朝末年,白(bai)邑的一(yi)部分白(bai)氏(shi)族人(ren)為(wei)(wei)避中原戰亂,遷徙進入(ru)黑龍江璦琿縣(xian)一(yi)帶進行(xing)農耕化(hua)生息繁(fan)衍(yan)。這部分白(bai)氏(shi)族人(ren)在明朝末期后(hou)金政權建立之后(hou)加入(ru)了滿洲旗籍,歸(gui)屬為(wei)(wei)新(xin)滿洲索倫蒙棍氏(shi)部落,改稱(cheng)蒙棍氏(shi),后(hou)再漢化(hua)省文為(wei)(wei)單姓棍氏(shi),繼而簡寫為(wei)(wei)先祖原姓丨氏(shi),讀音作(zuo)xìn(ㄒㄧㄣˋ)。
源于(yu)蒙(meng)古(gu)族,出自河南白氏(shi)家族,屬(shu)于(yu)蒙(meng)古(gu)族入旗改姓為氏(shi)。“丨”,即為“棍”的(de)古(gu)體漢(han)字,是典型(xing)的(de)象(xiang)形文(wen)字,其在古(gu)希臘、古(gu)埃及、古(gu)印(yin)度、古(gu)瑪雅等歷史(shi)上(shang)使用(yong)的(de)原始象(xiang)形文(wen)字中均相(xiang)同。
蒙(meng)(meng)古族(zu)蒙(meng)(meng)棍(gun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),亦(yi)稱(cheng)莽果氏(shi)(shi)(shi),世(shi)居(ju)黑龍江璦琿地(di)區白(bai)石(shi)砬子一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。蒙(meng)(meng)棍(gun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)并非(fei)單一(yi)(yi)民族(zu)部(bu)落,而(er)是由漢(han)族(zu)、達(da)斡爾(er)組、蒙(meng)(meng)古族(zu)、鄂溫克(ke)族(zu)等民族(zu)混合組成的一(yi)(yi)個部(bu)落群體的稱(cheng)謂,后(hou)(hou)來歸附了(le)后(hou)(hou)金政權,加(jia)入(ru)了(le)旗籍(ji),成為索倫部(bu)的一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分。其中蒙(meng)(meng)古族(zu)白(bai)如徳(de)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)人加(jia)入(ru)滿(man)洲旗籍(ji)后(hou)(hou),改為蒙(meng)(meng)棍(gun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),滿(man)語為Manggo Hala,世(shi)居(ju)烏(wu)喇(今吉林永吉烏(wu)拉街至輝發(fa)河口、拉發(fa)河流域、雙陽縣境)等地(di),后(hou)(hou)有稱(cheng)丨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)者,讀音作guāng(ㄍㄨㄤ)。現(xian)已(yi)經多改冠漢(han)姓為莫(mo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)等。
椲丨氏、白公勝(sheng)(熊勝(sheng))。
丨氏(shi)是一個(ge)多民族、多源流的(de)姓(xing)氏(shi)群體,但大(da)部分族人皆已改冠白氏(shi),今僅(jin)在河南省(sheng)的(de)信陽市息縣還有少量(liang)(liang)分布,以息縣為郡望,人口(kou)數量(liang)(liang)很稀(xi)少,僅(jin)百余(yu)人,在中國大(da)陸的(de)“三小姓(xing)”中名列倒數第三。
息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian):息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是一個非常古老(lao)的地(di)名,在典(dian)籍《禹貢(gong)》中(zhong)就有記載:荊、河惟(wei)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),息(xi)(xi)邑屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)域。商(shang)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)末(mo)期(qi)(qi),周(zhou)文王向南(nan)(nan)(nan)發展,汝(ru)(ru)旁之(zhi)國(guo)(guo)先被其化(hua),息(xi)(xi)邑屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)汝(ru)(ru)旁之(zhi)國(guo)(guo)。周(zhou)武(wu)王十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)1122年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)待(dai)考),大封(feng)(feng)姬(ji)(ji)姓侯(hou)爵,周(zhou)文王的第三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)七子姬(ji)(ji)羽(yu)達封(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)息(xi)(xi)侯(hou),息(xi)(xi)侯(hou)國(guo)(guo)由此始。周(zhou)莊王十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(己亥(hai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)682年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),楚國(guo)(guo)滅息(xi)(xi)國(guo)(guo),其地(di)建為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。秦(qin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)陳郡(jun)。漢朝(chao)(chao)(chao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)置(zhi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)汝(ru)(ru)南(nan)(nan)(nan)郡(jun)。東(dong)漢時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)侯(hou)國(guo)(guo),又分地(di)置(zhi)褒(bao)(bao)信縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)褒(bao)(bao)信侯(hou)國(guo)(guo)。曹魏(wei)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)汝(ru)(ru)南(nan)(nan)(nan)郡(jun),郡(jun)治新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)。晉朝(chao)(chao)(chao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)汝(ru)(ru)南(nan)(nan)(nan)郡(jun)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)北朝(chao)(chao)(chao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)劉(liu)宋(song)政權(quan)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、北新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。北魏(wei)太(tai)和(he)(he)十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(乙亥(hai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)495年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),置(zhi)東(dong)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)于新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi),領汝(ru)(ru)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、東(dong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)蔡、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)蔡、弋陽(yang)(yang)(yang)、長(chang)(chang)陵、陽(yang)(yang)(yang)安六(liu)郡(jun),南(nan)(nan)(nan)、北新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)汝(ru)(ru)南(nan)(nan)(nan)郡(jun),苞信縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)先屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)東(dong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)蔡郡(jun),后屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)蔡郡(jun)及長(chang)(chang)陵郡(jun),長(chang)(chang)陵縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)先屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)蔡郡(jun),后屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)長(chang)(chang)陵郡(jun)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)梁大通元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(丁(ding)未(wei),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)527年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),改(gai)(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)西豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)梁太(tai)清(qing)(qing)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(丁(ding)卯(mao),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)547年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),改(gai)(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)淮(huai)(huai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。東(dong)魏(wei)武(wu)定七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(己巳,公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)549年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),復(fu)置(zhi)東(dong)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),北齊(qi)沿(yan)襲未(wei)變。北周(zhou)大象元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(己亥(hai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)579年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),改(gai)(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)息(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。隋(sui)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)事情因之(zhi)。隋(sui)大業初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(乙丑,公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)605年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))廢息(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)、褒(bao)(bao)信二(er)(er)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)汝(ru)(ru)南(nan)(nan)(nan)郡(jun)。唐朝(chao)(chao)(chao)武(wu)德四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(辛(xin)巳,公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)621年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),復(fu)置(zhi)息(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),領新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)、淮(huai)(huai)川、長(chang)(chang)陵三(san)(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),褒(bao)(bao)信屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)舒州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(今新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)蔡)。唐貞觀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(丁(ding)亥(hai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)627年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),省淮(huai)(huai)川入真(zhen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),長(chang)(chang)陵入褒(bao)(bao)信,以(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)隸(li)(li)汝(ru)(ru)南(nan)(nan)(nan)郡(jun)。五代時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)沿(yan)襲未(wei)變。北宋(song)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)褒(bao)(bao)信縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)仍屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)蔡州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),宋(song)紹興十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(辛(xin)酉,公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1141年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),北宋(song)與金國(guo)(guo)議和(he)(he),以(yi)淮(huai)(huai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)界,二(er)(er)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)遂屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)金。宋(song)泰和(he)(he)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(戊辰(chen)(chen),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1208年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),復(fu)置(zhi)息(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),領新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)蔡、真(zhen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)、褒(bao)(bao)信四縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)王務鎮(zhen)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)中(zhong)統三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(壬戌,公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1262年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))農歷2月(yue),廢息(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),農歷12月(yue)復(fu)置(zhi)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(癸巳,公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1293年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)省汝(ru)(ru)寧府(fu)。明(ming)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)洪武(wu)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(辛(xin)亥(hai),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1371年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),息(xi)(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)都臨(lin)濠府(fu)。不久改(gai)(gai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)潁州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。明(ming)洪武(wu)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(甲寅(yin),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1374年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),改(gai)(gai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)汝(ru)(ru)寧府(fu)。明(ming)洪武(wu)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(庚申(shen),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1380年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),光(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)改(gai)(gai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)汝(ru)(ru)寧府(fu),息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)光(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)汝(ru)(ru)光(guang)道分轄。清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)雍正二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(甲辰(chen)(chen),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1724年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),升(sheng)光(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直隸(li)(li)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),統光(guang)、固、息(xi)(xi)、商(shang)四縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(甲寅(yin),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1914年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)省汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)道,民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(丁(ding)卯(mao),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)豫(yu)(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)行(xing)政區(qu)(qu),民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(戊辰(chen)(chen),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)省第三(san)(san)行(xing)政區(qu)(qu),民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(壬申(shen),公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))10月(yue)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)省第九行(xing)政督察區(qu)(qu)(潢川)。中(zhong)華人民(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)建立初期(qi)(qi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)潢川專區(qu)(qu)。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)24日,潢川、信陽(yang)(yang)(yang)兩專區(qu)(qu)合并,當今息(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)省信陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市。
息縣堂:以望(wang)立堂,亦稱(cheng)白邑堂。