黃(huang)中庸(1030-1110),字長行(xing),號(hao)軍城居士,北(bei)宋文學家,政治家,北(bei)宋景(jing)祐甲(jia)戌進士大(da)理(li)寺評事黃(huang)寵之子(zi)。
黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)反對奢侈,生活儉(jian)仆。宋英(ying)宗(zong)即(ji)位之(zhi)初,朝廷動用國(guo)庫銀兩(liang),大興土木,治理永昭山陵(ling)。黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)上書進言說,國(guo)用空(kong)乏,眼(yan)前連(lian)軍餉也(ye)難以支付,橫征暴(bao)斂的(de)結果,連(lian)有(you)錢人家也(ye)怨聲載道(dao)。并贊(zan)頌了先帝節儉(jian)愛民(min)的(de)舉(ju)措。黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)還對官多政(zheng)冗的(de)舊裕(yu)提(ti)出批評意見.,治平二年(nian)(1065)協助(zhu)司馬(ma)光撰寫《資治通鑒(jian)》。并主張廣(guang)開言路,必能有(you)益治道(dao)。有(you)些意見還是(shi)頗得英(ying)宗(zong)贊(zan)賞,有(you)的(de)卻沒(mei)有(you)被(bei)采(cai)納。熙(xi)寧二年(nian)(1069)始(shi),宋神(shen)宗(zong)以王安(an)石(shi)為宰相,推(tui)行新法,黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)對新法增加農稅傷民(min)之(zhi)舉(ju)多有(you)指責,那些對他(ta)(ta)有(you)積怨的(de)官吏便(bian)把他(ta)(ta)當成司馬(ma)光的(de)元佑黨人,黃(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)也(ye)因此由侍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兼(jian)樞密院副(fu)使(shi)宰相被(bei)降(jiang)為太常院卿。直(zhi)到御(yu)史中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丞呂誨上疏宋神(shen)宗(zong),為他(ta)(ta)鳴不平,這才讓他(ta)(ta)調任浙江提(ti)刑。
在(zai)邵武府(fu)任(ren)上,黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸與司(si)馬(ma)(ma)光觀點一致,因而激怒了王安石。在(zai)任(ren)中(zhong),平民俞(yu)興偕妻謀殺一婦(fu)人,黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸寬平待(dai)人能斷冤獄所(suo)活甚眾未按新(xin)法處置(zhi),王安石遂借此為由,將他(ta)調(diao)出邵武府(fu),降(jiang)為太(tai)(tai)常(chang)博士,享受(shou)正七品,后出任(ren)太(tai)(tai)常(chang)院丞、調(diao)任(ren)北(bei)海知府(fu)。其時,青苗(miao)法正在(zai)施行(xing),黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸痛(tong)心地(di)(di)說:“我只看到青苗(miao)法的害處,實不忍(ren)心看到無罪之人觸及刑律。”紹圣(sheng)初(chu)年(nian)(nian)(1094年(nian)(nian)),入為尚寶卿。二年(nian)(nian),進侍中(zhong)。四年(nian)(nian),拜(bai)中(zhong)書舍人(內閣中(zhong)書)。北(bei)宋元祐元年(nian)(nian)(1086年(nian)(nian))繼任(ren)司(si)馬(ma)(ma)光宰(zai)(zai)相。他(ta)支持哲宗司(si)馬(ma)(ma)光推行(xing)親民扶(fu)民助農(nong)政策,但反對(dui)蔡京以挖掘司(si)馬(ma)(ma)光墓、廢宣仁太(tai)(tai)后來打(da)擊元祐派的過(guo)激做(zuo)法。北(bei)宋宰(zai)(zai)相黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)庸堅決支持章加強邊防、收復失(shi)地(di)(di)的政策,推薦(jian)精兵(bing)良將為主力(li)邊帥,果大敗夏兵(bing)于(yu)平夏城。
宋(song)徽宗(zong)崇寧元(yuan)年(nian)(1102年(nian)),黃中庸(yong)進(jin)侍(shi)中。司馬(ma)光的“扶(fu)民助耕(geng)”戰略(lve)正進(jin)入收獲階段(duan),鄯、廓州撫(fu)定(ding),邊(bian)帥欲舉兵渡黃河西(xi)攻。但(dan)徽宗(zong)是個不思進(jin)取(qu)的皇(huang)帝,于是朝臣多(duo)有見風使舵,轉(zhuan)而反(fan)對西(xi)進(jin)的,黃中庸(yong)則堅持兵機不可失,宜速進(jin)軍。收復(fu)中原失地(di),黃中庸(yong)也(ye)因此加“光祿(lu)大夫”宰相(宋(song)朝的最高榮譽獎(jiang)勵)。
同年,蔡(cai)京(jing)超擢入相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)為(wei)人正(zheng)(zheng)直(zhi),一身正(zheng)(zheng)氣,而奸(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)蔡(cai)京(jing)則惡之(zhi),二年,宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)被貶為(wei)太常(chang)博士(shi),因(yin)不滿(man)蔡(cai)京(jing)亂政,黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)遂辭(ci)之(zhi),以病老棄官(guan)歸(gui)隱興(xing)化軍(jun)(jun)城(cheng)(cheng)府西(xi)巷(xiang)(福(fu)建莆田(tian)雷山巷(xiang)瑞(rui)龍庵(an)西(xi)鍘(zha)其故居黃(huang)(huang)文正(zheng)(zheng)公(gong)祠尚存)。宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)為(wei)官(guan)清廉,黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)善詩(shi)文,《全宋(song)詩(shi)》黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(第(di)七三四二頁有載)《宋(song)史》稱其“詞章(zhang)高風亮節(jie),淳樸雋美(mei)”。告老后還(huan)鄉興(xing)辦學校在永(yong)福(fu)潼關教忠院收生(sheng)授徒,在軍(jun)(jun)城(cheng)(cheng)創建步(bu)云書(shu)院培養出許(xu)多(duo)高第(di)名臣。有旨復起黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)為(wei)太常(chang)寺(si)卿、侍(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兼樞密(mi)院副(fu)使宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),未(wei)拜命(宋(song)大觀(guan)庚(geng)寅1110年)卒,贈侍(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)謚文正(zheng)(zheng)。宋(song)徽宗賜謚號為(wei)文正(zheng)(zheng);閩縣狀元宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)許(xu)將為(wei)銘其墓,葬永(yong)福(fu)梧桐潼關教忠院山北(bei)觀(guan)音疊(die)座穴。所(suo)著有《黃(huang)(huang)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)集(ji)》十卷,《莆風清籟集(ji)》、《文正(zheng)(zheng)黃(huang)(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)詩(shi)稿》各一卷并(bing)行于世。