黃中庸(1030-1110),字長行,號軍(jun)城(cheng)居(ju)士,北宋文學家,政(zheng)治家,北宋景祐甲戌進(jin)士大(da)理寺評(ping)事黃寵(chong)之子。
黃中(zhong)庸反對奢侈,生活儉仆。宋(song)英宗(zong)即(ji)位之初,朝廷動(dong)用(yong)國庫銀兩,大興土木,治(zhi)理永昭山陵。黃中(zhong)庸上書(shu)進(jin)言說,國用(yong)空乏,眼前連(lian)軍餉也難(nan)以(yi)支付,橫(heng)征暴斂的結果,連(lian)有錢人家(jia)也怨聲載(zai)道。并(bing)贊頌了先(xian)帝節儉愛民的舉措。黃中(zhong)庸還對官多政冗的舊(jiu)裕提出(chu)批評意見.,治(zhi)平二年(1065)協(xie)助司(si)馬光撰(zhuan)寫《資(zi)治(zhi)通鑒》。并(bing)主(zhu)張(zhang)廣開言路,必(bi)能(neng)有益(yi)治(zhi)道。有些意見還是頗得(de)英宗(zong)贊賞,有的卻沒有被采納。熙寧二年(1069)始,宋(song)神宗(zong)以(yi)王(wang)安石為宰(zai)相,推(tui)行新(xin)法,黃中(zhong)庸對新(xin)法增(zeng)加(jia)農稅傷民之舉多有指責,那些對他有積怨的官吏便把(ba)他當(dang)成司(si)馬光的元佑(you)黨人,黃中(zhong)庸也因此(ci)由侍中(zhong)兼樞(shu)密院(yuan)副使宰(zai)相被降為太常院(yuan)卿(qing)。直到(dao)御史(shi)中(zhong)丞呂誨上疏宋(song)神宗(zong),為他鳴不平,這才讓他調任浙江(jiang)提刑。
在邵(shao)武(wu)府(fu)任上,黃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)與司(si)馬(ma)光(guang)(guang)觀點一致,因而(er)激怒了王安(an)石(shi)。在任中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),平民俞興偕妻謀(mou)殺一婦(fu)人(ren),黃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)寬平待人(ren)能斷冤獄所活甚(shen)眾未按新法處(chu)置,王安(an)石(shi)遂(sui)借此為(wei)由,將他(ta)調出邵(shao)武(wu)府(fu),降為(wei)太常博士,享受(shou)正(zheng)七品,后出任太常院(yuan)丞(cheng)、調任北海知府(fu)。其時(shi),青(qing)苗法正(zheng)在施行,黃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)痛(tong)心地說(shuo):“我只(zhi)看到青(qing)苗法的(de)(de)害處(chu),實不忍心看到無罪之人(ren)觸及(ji)刑律。”紹圣(sheng)初年(1094年),入為(wei)尚寶卿。二年,進侍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。四年,拜中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書舍人(ren)(內閣(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書)。北宋元(yuan)祐元(yuan)年(1086年)繼任司(si)馬(ma)光(guang)(guang)宰相。他(ta)支(zhi)持哲宗(zong)司(si)馬(ma)光(guang)(guang)推行親民扶民助農政策,但反對(dui)蔡京以挖掘司(si)馬(ma)光(guang)(guang)墓、廢(fei)宣仁太后來打擊元(yuan)祐派的(de)(de)過激做法。北宋宰相黃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)堅決支(zhi)持章加強邊防、收復失(shi)地的(de)(de)政策,推薦精兵良將為(wei)主(zhu)力邊帥,果(guo)大敗夏(xia)兵于平夏(xia)城。
宋徽宗崇寧元年(1102年),黃中(zhong)庸進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)侍中(zhong)。司馬光的(de)“扶(fu)民(min)助耕”戰略正(zheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入收獲階段,鄯(shan)、廓州撫定,邊帥欲(yu)舉兵(bing)渡黃河西攻。但徽宗是個不思進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)取(qu)的(de)皇帝,于是朝(chao)臣多(duo)有見風使舵,轉(zhuan)而反(fan)對西進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de),黃中(zhong)庸則堅持兵(bing)機不可(ke)失,宜速進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)軍。收復中(zhong)原失地,黃中(zhong)庸也因此(ci)加“光祿大(da)夫”宰相(宋朝(chao)的(de)最高榮譽(yu)獎勵)。
同年,蔡(cai)京超(chao)擢入相(xiang)。黃中(zhong)庸(yong)為人(ren)正直,一身正氣,而奸相(xiang)蔡(cai)京則惡之,二年,宰相(xiang)黃中(zhong)庸(yong)被貶為太常(chang)博士,因不滿蔡(cai)京亂政,黃中(zhong)庸(yong)遂(sui)辭之,以病老棄(qi)官(guan)歸隱興化軍城(cheng)府西巷(福(fu)建(jian)莆(pu)田雷山巷瑞龍庵西鍘(zha)其故居(ju)黃文(wen)正公祠尚存)。宰相(xiang)黃中(zhong)庸(yong)為官(guan)清廉,黃中(zhong)庸(yong)善詩(shi)文(wen),《全宋詩(shi)》黃中(zhong)庸(yong)(第七三四二頁(ye)有(you)載)《宋史》稱其“詞(ci)章高(gao)風亮(liang)節,淳(chun)樸雋美”。告老后還(huan)鄉(xiang)興辦學(xue)校在永(yong)福(fu)潼(tong)關(guan)教(jiao)忠院(yuan)(yuan)收生授(shou)徒,在軍城(cheng)創建(jian)步云書院(yuan)(yuan)培養出(chu)許多高(gao)第名臣。有(you)旨復起(qi)黃中(zhong)庸(yong)為太常(chang)寺卿、侍中(zhong)兼樞(shu)密院(yuan)(yuan)副使(shi)宰相(xiang),未拜命(ming)(宋大觀(guan)(guan)庚寅1110年)卒,贈(zeng)侍中(zhong)謚文(wen)正。宋徽宗(zong)賜謚號為文(wen)正;閩縣狀(zhuang)元(yuan)宰相(xiang)許將為銘其墓(mu),葬永(yong)福(fu)梧(wu)桐潼(tong)關(guan)教(jiao)忠院(yuan)(yuan)山北觀(guan)(guan)音疊(die)座(zuo)穴。所著有(you)《黃侍中(zhong)集(ji)》十卷,《莆(pu)風清籟集(ji)》、《文(wen)正黃中(zhong)庸(yong)詩(shi)稿(gao)》各一卷并行(xing)于世(shi)。