白(bai)額巨(ju)蟹蛛(zhu)屬(shu)蜘蛛(zhu)目巨(ju)蟹蛛(zhu)科體(ti)(ti)形(xing)較大。成體(ti)(ti)雌蛛(zhu)體(ti)(ti)長通常(chang)20-30mm,雄(xiong)蛛(zhu)15-20mm,因(yin)在額與眼區(qu)前(qian)緣之(zhi)間有一條白(bai)紋故名,常(chang)見于居室內外的(de)墻壁上,多在夜間捕(bu)食(shi)(shi)居室附(fu)近的(de)衛生害(hai)蟲.如(ru)蟑螂(lang)、蠅類和蚊類,有時亦在村莊附(fu)近的(de)稻田中(zhong)捕(bu)食(shi)(shi)。
白(bai)額巨(ju)蟹蛛廣泛分布于低海拔山區(qu)和平地(di),常見(jian)于稻、棉田附近的房屋內(nei)、外墻(qiang)上。
中(zhong)國四川、江(jiang)西(xi)、浙江(jiang)、安徽、湖(hu)北(bei)、湖(hu)南(nan)、臺灣、廣東、西(xi)藏、云(yun)南(nan)等。
雌蛛體長(chang)(chang)20~28毫米。頭(tou)胸(xiong)(xiong)部灰褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)寬略(lve)等,前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)緣(yuan)橫(heng)直(zhi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)窩縱向、色(se)(se)(se)(se)深(shen),頸溝(gou)、放射溝(gou)明顯(xian)。眼(yan)(yan)與額(e)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)1條短白(bai)毛(mao)組成(cheng)的橫(heng)紋(wen),背(bei)甲近似方形,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)緣(yuan)有(you)一灰黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)橫(heng)帶。胸(xiong)(xiong)部兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)由深(shen)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)構成(cheng)的斑(ban)紋(wen)。頭(tou)部向前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)延長(chang)(chang),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)線端(duan)直(zhi),眼(yan)(yan)區褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。8眼(yan)(yan)兩(liang)列(lie),同型,前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)眼(yan)(yan)列(lie)微前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)曲,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)眼(yan)(yan)列(lie)平直(zhi)且長(chang)(chang)于(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)眼(yan)(yan)列(lie),稍微后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)曲。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)小于(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距大于(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距小于(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)側(ce)(ce)眼(yan)(yan)稍大于(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan),有(you)眼(yan)(yan)丘。螯(ao)肢深(shen)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),其上密布(bu)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)細長(chang)(chang)毛(mao),側(ce)(ce)結節明顯(xian)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)齒堤2齒,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)齒堤3齒。胸(xiong)(xiong)板長(chang)(chang)大于(yu)(yu)寬,談黃褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),疏生褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)長(chang)(chang)毛(mao),前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)緣(yuan)微后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)凹,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)緣(yuan)尖細,插入第Ⅳ步足(zu)基(ji)節之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。步足(zu)粗(cu)壯,灰褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),具深(shen)、淺色(se)(se)(se)(se)長(chang)(chang)短毛(mao),并有(you)黑(hei)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)點,各斑(ban)點上生黑(hei)刺1根。足(zu)式為(wei)2、1、4、3。腹(fu)背(bei)褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),由灰、白(bai)、褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)細毛(mao)組成(cheng)箭尾狀(zhuang)斑(ban)紋(wen),腹(fu)部腹(fu)面淡褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),紡器褐(he)(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。
雄(xiong)蛛體長(chang)15~20毫米。與雌蛛有明顯區別,背甲(jia)(jia)后(hou)部從中(zhong)窩、頸溝、放(fang)射溝,一直達到背甲(jia)(jia)后(hou)緣有1對蝶形斑紋(wen)。腹背斑紋(wen)呈倒“八”字(zi)形。腹部兩側面毛較長(chang)而密(mi)。
白額(e)巨蟹(xie)蛛常侵入(ru)住家或農舍(she)內生活,白天通(tong)常隱(yin)藏在櫥柜縫(feng)隙或床鋪(pu)下,夜晚才外(wai)出覓食,行動敏捷,耐饑力強(qiang)。捕食對象以(yi)各類(lei)節肢動物為主,捕食各種害蟲,也(ye)包括蟑螂在內。
該蛛(zhu)(zhu)5~6月份產卵(luan),每(mei)只(zhi)雌蛛(zhu)(zhu)可繁殖(zhi)500~600只(zhi)幼蛛(zhu)(zhu)。600只(zhi)蜘蛛(zhu)(zhu)一次(ci)產卵(luan)1克(ke)。