【質量特色】
果(guo)近卵(luan)圓(yuan)形或(huo)近圓(yuan)形,果(guo)皮(pi)暗紅帶綠(lv)色,裂紋及(ji)縫合線均(jun)明顯(xian),果(guo)肉(rou)乳(ru)白色,肉(rou)質特(te)別爽脆,清甜帶特(te)殊(shu)香味。
【地標地理】
增城(cheng)市(shi)位于(yu)(yu)廣(guang)東省中部、珠江三(san)角洲東北角,北回歸線通過本區域北部,屬亞熱(re)(re)(re)帶季(ji)(ji)風氣候,日照長(chang)(chang)、氣溫高(gao)(gao)、雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛、四季(ji)(ji)常青(qing),既(ji)有(you)熱(re)(re)(re)帶特(te)征,又有(you)亞熱(re)(re)(re)帶特(te)色。雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛,河流眾多(duo),水資源(yuan)比較豐富。年平(ping)均(jun)降水量(liang)(liang)(liang)1856毫(hao)米(mi),其中:地表水多(duo)年徑流量(liang)(liang)(liang)1099.9毫(hao)米(mi),年徑流量(liang)(liang)(liang)19.15億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。主(zhu)要河流——增江、東江、西福(fu)河多(duo)年平(ping)均(jun)過境(jing)客水179.5億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),主(zhu)客水合(he)計(ji)為(wei)(wei)198.65億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),特(te)別適(shi)合(he)于(yu)(yu)種植水稻。“炎熱(re)(re)(re)多(duo)雨(yu),長(chang)(chang)夏(xia)無冬(dong)”是增城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)氣候特(te)征。年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫為(wei)(wei)21.8℃。春季(ji)(ji),由于(yu)(yu)受(shou)冷(leng)暖空(kong)氣交替(ti)影響,天氣多(duo)變,陰雨(yu)多(duo),陽光(guang)少(shao),空(kong)氣潮濕,氣溫在(zai) 12.7℃-21.7℃之(zhi)間。夏(xia)季(ji)(ji),熱(re)(re)(re)帶海洋風增強,天氣常受(shou)副熱(re)(re)(re)帶高(gao)(gao)壓控制,空(kong)氣悶(men)熱(re)(re)(re),極端高(gao)(gao)溫為(wei)(wei)38.2℃,平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)27℃。4-6月(yue)多(duo)季(ji)(ji)風雨(yu)、占全(quan)年降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)46.7%。7-9月(yue)多(duo)臺風雨(yu),占全(quan)年降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)36.27%。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji),受(shou)北方(fang)(fang)干(gan)冷(leng)空(kong)氣影響,氣溫下降,1月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫為(wei)(wei) 12.l℃。 12月(yue)至(zhi)1月(yue),常有(you)寒潮侵襲,偶有(you)霜天,極端低溫-1.9℃。日照長(chang)(chang), 日照時(shi)數1976小時(shi),水稻安全(quan)生長(chang)(chang)期(qi)263天,無霜期(qi)355—360天,作物可一年三(san)熟,按照氣候學低于(yu)(yu)10℃為(wei)(wei)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)的(de)劃(hua)分標準,增城(cheng)沒有(you)真(zhen)正的(de)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji),但人們(men)仍將天氣較涼的(de)11月(yue)至(zhi)1月(yue)稱為(wei)(wei)冬(dong)天。
【文化背景】
增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)是荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)的(de)珍稀(xi)果品,清初康熙八年(1669)始見(jian)于文獻記載,產(chan)于增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)新塘四望(wang)崗。乾(qian)隆《增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)志》載:“四望(wang)崗,邑治南八十(shi)里,在(zai)(zai)甘泉都沙(sha)貝村東崗上(shang)植荔(li)子十(shi)數本,名(ming)(ming)(ming)曰掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv),遷其地弗良(liang)。”其后雖散布于縣(xian)內外各地,但在(zai)(zai)道(dao)光(guang)年間,掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)少(shao)見(jian)。崔(cui)弼《珍帚編》詩:“廣州荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)上(shang)。增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)大墩、沙(sha)貝諸村,所在(zai)(zai)多(duo)有(you)。花時(shi),長吏使標志之。歲(sui)畏其擾,斧(fu)之無遺(yi)類矣(yi)。” 四望(wang)崗掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)而絕(jue)跡至(zhi)宣(xuan)統時(shi),以(yi)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)園一(yi)(yi)株馳名(ming)(ming)(ming)。宣(xuan)統《增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)志》載:“案(an):掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)一(yi)(yi)種,近以(yi)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)門(men)外西(xi)園一(yi)(yi)株最為(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)貴,價值十(shi)余(yu)倍于其他(ta)。”至(zhi)今,西(xi)園掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)飲譽海內外,已(yi)有(you)數百年歷史。增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)民間千百年來,還流傳(chuan)(chuan)著不(bu)少(shao)有(you)關增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)美(mei)好傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)。相(xiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)八仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)的(de)何(he)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)是增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)(cheng)小樓仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)桂村人(ren)。何(he)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)15歲(sui)時(shi)得仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)點化,食(shi)鳳凰山云母片學(xue)會飛身法(fa)術。16歲(sui)時(shi)因(yin)父母將她許婚別人(ren),何(he)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)不(bu)同意(yi),在(zai)(zai)婚禮前夕(xi)乘人(ren)不(bu)覺,飛身至(zhi)羅浮(fu)山得道(dao)成仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。后因(yin)不(bu)忘家鄉令人(ren)陶醉的(de)荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)佳果,常(chang)常(chang)回鄉漫步荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)園中(zhong)。一(yi)(yi)天,何(he)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)留戀西(xi)園荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)景,坐在(zai)(zai)樹枝(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)編織腰帶,離開時(shi)把一(yi)(yi)條綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色絲(si)線遺(yi)留樹上(shang),綠(lv)(lv)(lv)絲(si)飄(piao)繞在(zai)(zai)荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)果上(shang),于是荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)果上(shang)都有(you)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)線,人(ren)們就給(gei)它(ta)取名(ming)(ming)(ming)“掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)”,可見(jian)“掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)”之神奇(qi)和名(ming)(ming)(ming)貴,帶有(you)不(bu)凡的(de)“仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)氣”。八仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)故事(shi)源遠流長,深受民間喜傳(chuan)(chuan)樂頌。何(he)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)與掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)被列(lie)入省級(ji)非物質文化遺(yi)產(chan)。
【文化積淀】
明(ming)末清(qing)初(chu)屈大均《廣州(zhou)荔(li)枝(zhi)詞》詠(yong)到(dao):“端(duan)陽是處子離離,火齊如山入市時(shi)。一樹增城(cheng)名(ming)掛綠(lv)(lv),冰融雪(xue)沃少人知。”清(qing)朝初(chu)期詩人陳恭尹,與屈大均、梁佩(pei)蘭稱(cheng)“嶺南三大家(jia)”,他(ta)寫詩稱(cheng)贊增城(cheng)掛綠(lv)(lv),“年年相約荔(li)枝(zhi)紅,揮扇(shan)高談幾老(lao)翁。掛綠(lv)(lv)凝冰知在(zai)念,未堪郵寄海船(chuan)風。”清(qing)朝詩人梁梅詩云:“增城(cheng)掛綠(lv)(lv)聞(wen)名(ming)久,鳳尾龍頭(tou)冠粵中,笑(xiao)我按圖空索驥,四分(fen)微綠(lv)(lv)六(liu)分(fen)紅。”清(qing)詩人李鳳修詠(yong)到(dao):“南州(zhou)荔(li)枝(zhi)無處無,增城(cheng)掛綠(lv)(lv)貴(gui)如珠。兼金(jin)欲購不易得,五(wu)月尚未登(deng)盤盂。”足見(jian)其珍貴(gui)程度,被稱(cheng)為“荔(li)枝(zhi)之(zhi)王”。屈大均在(zai)《廣東新語》所說:“掛綠(lv)(lv)爽脆(cui)如梨(li),漿液不見(jian),去殼懷之(zhi),三日不變。”