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【質量特色】

果(guo)近卵圓形(xing)或(huo)近圓形(xing)，果(guo)皮暗紅帶(dai)(dai)綠色，裂紋及縫(feng)合線均明顯，果(guo)肉乳白(bai)色，肉質特別(bie)爽(shuang)脆，清甜帶(dai)(dai)特殊香味。

【地標地理】

增(zeng)(zeng)城市位于廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)中部(bu)、珠江(jiang)三角(jiao)洲(zhou)東(dong)北角(jiao)，北回歸線通過本區域北部(bu)，屬亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候，日照長(chang)(chang)(chang)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)高、雨量(liang)充沛、四季(ji)(ji)常(chang)青，既有(you)(you)熱帶(dai)特(te)征，又有(you)(you)亞熱帶(dai)特(te)色。雨量(liang)充沛，河(he)流(liu)眾多(duo)，水(shui)資(zi)源比較豐富(fu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)1856毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，其中：地表(biao)水(shui)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)量(liang)1099.9毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)徑(jing)(jing)流(liu)量(liang)19.15億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。主(zhu)(zhu)要河(he)流(liu)——增(zeng)(zeng)江(jiang)、東(dong)江(jiang)、西(xi)福河(he)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均過境客(ke)(ke)水(shui)179.5億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，主(zhu)(zhu)客(ke)(ke)水(shui)合(he)計為198.65億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),特(te)別適合(he)于種植水(shui)稻。“炎熱多(duo)雨，長(chang)(chang)(chang)夏無(wu)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)”是增(zeng)(zeng)城市的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)征。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為21.8℃。春季(ji)(ji)，由(you)于受(shou)冷暖空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)交替(ti)影(ying)響，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)變，陰雨多(duo)，陽光(guang)少，空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)潮(chao)濕，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在(zai) 12.7℃-21.7℃之間。夏季(ji)(ji)，熱帶(dai)海洋風(feng)增(zeng)(zeng)強，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)常(chang)受(shou)副(fu)熱帶(dai)高壓控制，空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)悶熱，極端(duan)(duan)高溫(wen)(wen)為38.2℃，平(ping)均為27℃。4-6月(yue)多(duo)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)雨、占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨量(liang)46.7％。7-9月(yue)多(duo)臺風(feng)雨，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨量(liang)36.27％。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)，受(shou)北方(fang)(fang)(fang)干冷空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)影(ying)響，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)下降(jiang)，1月(yue)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為 12.l℃。 12月(yue)至(zhi)1月(yue)，常(chang)有(you)(you)寒潮(chao)侵襲(xi)，偶有(you)(you)霜天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，極端(duan)(duan)低溫(wen)(wen)-1.9℃。日照長(chang)(chang)(chang), 日照時(shi)數1976小(xiao)時(shi)，水(shui)稻安全(quan)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)期263天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，無(wu)霜期355—360天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，作物可(ke)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)三熟，按照氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候學低于10℃為冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)的劃分標準，增(zeng)(zeng)城沒有(you)(you)真正的冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)，但人(ren)們仍將天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)較涼(liang)的11月(yue)至(zhi)1月(yue)稱為冬(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。

【文化背景】

增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)是荔枝中的(de)珍稀果品，清初(chu)康熙(xi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)（1669）始見(jian)于文獻記載，產于增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)新(xin)塘(tang)四(si)望(wang)(wang)崗(gang)。乾(qian)隆《增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)縣志》載：“四(si)望(wang)(wang)崗(gang)，邑(yi)治南八(ba)(ba)十(shi)里，在(zai)甘(gan)泉都(dou)沙貝(bei)村(cun)東崗(gang)上植荔子十(shi)數(shu)(shu)本，名(ming)曰掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)，遷其地弗良。”其后雖散布于縣內(nei)外各地，但在(zai)道(dao)(dao)光(guang)年(nian)間(jian)，掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)荔枝已(yi)少見(jian)。崔弼《珍帚編》詩：“廣州荔枝，以(yi)掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)為上。增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)大墩、沙貝(bei)諸村(cun)，所在(zai)多(duo)有(you)。花時(shi)(shi)，長吏使標志之。歲畏其擾(rao)，斧之無(wu)遺類矣。” 四(si)望(wang)(wang)崗(gang)掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)因而絕跡(ji)至(zhi)宣(xuan)統時(shi)(shi)，以(yi)縣城(cheng)西(xi)園一(yi)株(zhu)馳名(ming)。宣(xuan)統《增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)縣志》載：“案：掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)一(yi)種(zhong)，近以(yi)縣城(cheng)西(xi)門外西(xi)園一(yi)株(zhu)最為名(ming)貴，價值十(shi)余(yu)倍(bei)于其他。”至(zhi)今(jin)，西(xi)園掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)飲(yin)譽海內(nei)外，已(yi)有(you)數(shu)(shu)百年(nian)歷史。增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)民間(jian)千(qian)百年(nian)來，還流傳(chuan)著不(bu)少有(you)關增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)的(de)美好傳(chuan)說。相傳(chuan)八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)(xian)中的(de)何仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)是增(zeng)(zeng)城(cheng)小樓仙(xian)(xian)桂(gui)村(cun)人(ren)。何仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)15歲時(shi)(shi)得仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)點化(hua)，食鳳(feng)凰(huang)山(shan)云母(mu)片學會飛身法(fa)術。16歲時(shi)(shi)因父母(mu)將她許婚別人(ren)，何仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)不(bu)同意，在(zai)婚禮前(qian)夕乘(cheng)人(ren)不(bu)覺，飛身至(zhi)羅浮山(shan)得道(dao)(dao)成仙(xian)(xian)。后因不(bu)忘(wang)家(jia)鄉(xiang)令人(ren)陶醉的(de)荔枝佳果，常常回鄉(xiang)漫步荔枝園中。一(yi)天，何仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)留(liu)戀西(xi)園荔枝美景，坐在(zai)樹枝上編織腰帶，離開時(shi)(shi)把一(yi)條綠(lv)(lv)色絲線遺留(liu)樹上，綠(lv)(lv)絲飄繞在(zai)荔枝果上，于是荔枝果上都(dou)有(you)一(yi)道(dao)(dao)綠(lv)(lv)線，人(ren)們就(jiu)給它取名(ming)“掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)”，可見(jian)“掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)”之神奇和(he)名(ming)貴，帶有(you)不(bu)凡的(de)“仙(xian)(xian)氣”。八(ba)(ba)仙(xian)(xian)故事源遠流長，深受民間(jian)喜傳(chuan)樂頌。何仙(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)與掛(gua)(gua)綠(lv)(lv)傳(chuan)說被列入省級(ji)非物(wu)質文化(hua)遺產。

【文化積淀】

明末清初(chu)屈大(da)均(jun)(jun)《廣(guang)州(zhou)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)詞(ci)》詠到(dao)(dao)：“端陽是處(chu)(chu)子離離，火齊如(ru)山(shan)入(ru)市時。一樹增城(cheng)名(ming)掛(gua)(gua)綠，冰融雪(xue)沃少人(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)。”清朝初(chu)期詩(shi)人(ren)陳恭尹，與屈大(da)均(jun)(jun)、梁佩(pei)蘭稱“嶺南(nan)三大(da)家”，他寫詩(shi)稱贊增城(cheng)掛(gua)(gua)綠，“年(nian)年(nian)相(xiang)約荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)紅，揮扇高談(tan)幾老翁(weng)。掛(gua)(gua)綠凝冰知(zhi)(zhi)在念，未堪郵寄海船風。”清朝詩(shi)人(ren)梁梅詩(shi)云：“增城(cheng)掛(gua)(gua)綠聞名(ming)久，鳳尾龍(long)頭冠粵中(zhong)，笑我按圖空(kong)索驥，四分(fen)微綠六分(fen)紅。”清詩(shi)人(ren)李(li)鳳修(xiu)詠到(dao)(dao)：“南(nan)州(zhou)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)處(chu)(chu)無(wu)，增城(cheng)掛(gua)(gua)綠貴(gui)如(ru)珠(zhu)。兼(jian)金欲購不易得，五月尚未登(deng)盤盂。”足見(jian)其珍貴(gui)程度，被稱為“荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)王”。屈大(da)均(jun)(jun)在《廣(guang)東新語》所說：“掛(gua)(gua)綠爽脆如(ru)梨，漿液不見(jian)，去殼懷之(zhi)，三日不變。”