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生產條件

南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)縣(xian)是中國十(shi)二個海(hai)島(dao)縣(xian)之一，也是廣東省唯(wei)一的(de)(de)海(hai)島(dao)縣(xian)，地處閩、粵、臺三省交(jiao)界，主島(dao)周圍10米等(deng)深(shen)線(xian)內海(hai)域(yu)面(mian)積24.6萬畝(mu)，其(qi)中可養面(mian)積10萬畝(mu)，海(hai)域(yu)面(mian)積廣闊，海(hai)洋(yang)生(sheng)物(wu)豐富，海(hai)洋(yang)生(sheng)物(wu)種(zhong)類達1300多種(zhong)。南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)屬亞熱帶海(hai)洋(yang)季風氣(qi)候，年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)21.5℃，海(hai)區營養鹽充(chong)足，餌料生(sheng)物(wu)種(zhong)類多樣，海(hai)區年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)22.5℃，年平均(jun)鹽度(du)32%，溶解氧6.95毫(hao)米∕升，PH值(zhi)7.8～8.2，水(shui)質COD含量為0.28～1.42毫(hao)克∕升，海(hai)水(shui)養殖區不受工農業、居民生(sheng)活(huo)等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)(de)污染，潮(chao)流暢通。南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)海(hai)洋(yang)自然條(tiao)件優(you)越，沿海(hai)岸線(xian)海(hai)域(yu)有案嶼(yu)(yu)、獵嶼(yu)(yu)、虎(hu)嶼(yu)(yu)、官(guan)嶼(yu)(yu)等(deng)十(shi)多個島(dao)嶼(yu)(yu)作為天然屏障，形成了(le)龍門灣、白(bai)沙灣等(deng)具(ju)有自然優(you)勢(shi)的(de)(de)天然養殖區，對發(fa)展太(tai)平洋(yang)牡蠣養殖業具(ju)有得天獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)。

質量特色

蠣殼：色澤呈翠(cui)綠色，呈近等(deng)腰(yao)三角形，左(zuo)右對(dui)稱，殼長在6cm以(yi)上，重量25克以(yi)上；蠣體：肉質飽滿(man)、細(xi)嫩，呈乳白或灰白色，無寄(ji)生蟲；口感：鮮(xian)美、細(xi)嫩，多吃(chi)不膩。

文化背景

南(nan)澳(ao)牡蠣(li)(li)肉(rou)由于味鮮美，營養全，成為(wei)餐(can)(can)桌(zhuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)美食和(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)場上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)搶手貨，深(shen)(shen)受消(xiao)費者的(de)(de)歡迎。長(chang)期以(yi)來，南(nan)澳(ao)牡蠣(li)(li)以(yi)南(nan)澳(ao)本(ben)島(dao)和(he)(he)粵東(dong)為(wei)主要市(shi)(shi)場，并不斷輻射到廣(guang)州、深(shen)(shen)圳等全省各(ge)地，在這些地方的(de)(de)酒(jiu)樓、餐(can)(can)館、超市(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)集貿市(shi)(shi)場都有(you)標明(ming)“南(nan)澳(ao)牡蠣(li)(li)”牌(pai)子的(de)(de)產品銷售(shou)(shou)，市(shi)(shi)場銷售(shou)(shou)價格比同類產品高(gao)15%-25%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。互聯網上(shang)(shang)(shang)也有(you)許多關于南(nan)澳(ao)牡蠣(li)(li)的(de)(de)信(xin)息傳播，《南(nan)澳(ao)縣志》也早有(you)記載。特(te)別(bie)是隨著南(nan)澳(ao)旅游(you)(you)(you)業的(de)(de)進一步升溫(wen)和(he)(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)島(dao)游(you)(you)(you)客的(de)(de)逐年增加，更大(da)大(da)提(ti)升了南(nan)澳(ao)牡蠣(li)(li)的(de)(de)知名度，廣(guang)大(da)游(you)(you)(you)客被(bei)南(nan)澳(ao)牡蠣(li)(li)深(shen)(shen)深(shen)(shen)吸(xi)引，上(shang)(shang)(shang)島(dao)非吃南(nan)澳(ao)牡蠣(li)(li)不可。南(nan)澳(ao)牡蠣(li)(li)已成為(wei)南(nan)澳(ao)飲(yin)食業的(de)(de)招(zhao)牌(pai)菜。

養殖情況

南(nan)澳(ao)縣(xian)努力(li)推動太(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋牡(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)業(ye)發(fa)展，使太(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋牡(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)成(cheng)為該縣(xian)海水養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)業(ye)重要(yao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)支柱及拳頭(tou)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。2005年(nian)全縣(xian)海水養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)總面積(ji)達(da)4.13萬(wan)(wan)畝，產(chan)(chan)量5.38萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)，產(chan)(chan)值18785萬(wan)(wan)元，其中太(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋牡(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)面積(ji)達(da)2.1萬(wan)(wan)畝，占全縣(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)面積(ji)51%，養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)產(chan)(chan)量3.78萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)，占全縣(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)產(chan)(chan)量70.4%。太(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋牡(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)已成(cheng)為該縣(xian)漁業(ye)經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)一個新(xin)增長點，成(cheng)為解決(jue)轉產(chan)(chan)轉業(ye)漁民(min)及下(xia)崗職工生活出(chu)路的(de)一個重要(yao)途徑，也是壯大漁農村集體(ti)經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)新(xin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)，達(da)到漁民(min)增收(shou)、漁業(ye)增效，確(que)保(bao)了漁區的(de)穩定(ding)。

太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)在(zai)該縣(xian)(xian)已有(you)20多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史，1984年(nian)從青島引進太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)種苗(miao)20畝(mu)，在(zai)深澳(ao)(ao)(ao)白(bai)沙灣西南(nan)側灘(tan)涂(tu)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)開展木樁式(shi)吊養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，當年(nian)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)獲得成功。經過十多年(nian)來(lai)水(shui)產(chan)(chan)科(ke)技(ji)人員對太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術及養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)進行(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、探索、研(yan)究和(he)(he)實(shi)踐，總結出(chu)一套深水(shui)延繩式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理(li)經驗(yan)(yan)，促進了(le)(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)向(xiang)規(gui)(gui)模化(hua)、科(ke)學化(hua)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新局(ju)面(mian)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)2000年(nian)對太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)施了(le)(le)(le)貝(bei)(bei)藻類(lei)(lei)(lei)混(hun)(hun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)立體生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模式(shi)，即是(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)與龍須菜、紫菜等藻類(lei)(lei)(lei)進行(xing)混(hun)(hun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、間養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)(wei)3:1，即太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3畝(mu)，龍須菜、紫菜等藻類(lei)(lei)(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)則為(wei)(wei)(wei)1畝(mu)，通過貝(bei)(bei)藻類(lei)(lei)(lei)混(hun)(hun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、間養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)促進養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品種生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互作用，改善了(le)(le)(le)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)質，提(ti)高了(le)(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品種單(dan)位產(chan)(chan)量，防止(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)富(fu)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)和(he)(he)貝(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)(lei)暴(bao)發(fa)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病害(hai)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)可持(chi)續健康發(fa)展，該縣(xian)(xian)對深澳(ao)(ao)(ao)白(bai)沙灣等太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)進行(xing)科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)和(he)(he)多次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清理(li)整治(zhi)，制訂了(le)(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理(li)制度，并核發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)《養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證》。還先后(hou)(hou)出(chu)臺了(le)(le)(le)《南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)域灘(tan)涂(tu)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)增養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》、《南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)縣(xian)(xian)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)增養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暫行(xing)規(gui)(gui)定》等有(you)關(guan)(guan)地方(fang)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律法規(gui)(gui)，使(shi)該縣(xian)(xian)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)走上規(gui)(gui)范化(hua)道路。太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)原產(chan)(chan)于(yu)日(ri)本、澳(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)利亞，是(shi)一種養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)期(qi)短、產(chan)(chan)量高、肉質肥美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優良貝(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)(lei)。1999年(nian)8月，南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)國(guo)家(jia)五部委批(pi)準(zhun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)科(ke)技(ji)興海(hai)(hai)示范基地后(hou)(hou)，大(da)膽承擔了(le)(le)(le)國(guo)家(jia)863海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)項(xiang)目(mu)《太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)三(san)倍體育苗(miao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)試(shi)(shi)》，在(zai)青島海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)大(da)學專家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)導(dao)下，建起了(le)(le)(le)年(nian)可培(pei)育太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)苗(miao)2000畝(mu)以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育苗(miao)中(zhong)心，據國(guo)家(jia)有(you)關(guan)(guan)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)地驗(yan)(yan)收，在(zai)南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)倍體太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)成貝(bei)(bei)開口死(si)亡率、每串(chuan)重(zhong)(zhong)量分別(bie)比(bi)二倍體減少50%和(he)(he)增長(chang)107%，為(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)獲取太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高產(chan)(chan)、穩產(chan)(chan)，推動養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)發(fa)展奠定了(le)(le)(le)堅實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)，也成為(wei)(wei)(wei)項(xiang)目(mu)奪得全(quan)國(guo)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)創新成果一等獎(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5個中(zhong)試(shi)(shi)基地之一。

與此同時(shi)，南(nan)澳縣(xian)著眼太(tai)平洋(yang)牡蠣的(de)(de)(de)規模化發(fa)展(zhan)，把(ba)它(ta)作為全縣(xian)海水養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)重點項目來抓，形(xing)成(cheng)5大養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)區，全縣(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)面積從1998年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)3000畝(mu)增至2002年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)1萬(wan)畝(mu)，總面積增長了2.3倍，成(cheng)為中國南(nan)方太(tai)平洋(yang)牡蠣的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)基地之一。深(shen)澳白沙(sha)灣太(tai)平洋(yang)牡蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)基地是南(nan)澳縣(xian)最早(zao)開發(fa)建設的(de)(de)(de)基地，到2002年(nian)，整個養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)基地僅吊養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)平洋(yang)牡蠣面積就達4000畝(mu)，年(nian)總產量1萬(wan)噸，產值1000萬(wan)元。

經濟效益

通過努力，該縣的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)洋牡(mu)蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)業取得了(le)快速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，2006年(nian)(nian)，全(quan)縣太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)洋牡(mu)蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)面積達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)2.1萬畝(mu)。2006年(nian)(nian)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)洋牡(mu)蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)(da)3.78萬噸，占全(quan)縣海(hai)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)49.78%，成(cheng)為(wei)漁(yu)業結構(gou)調整后一大重(zhong)點(dian)優勢(shi)產(chan)(chan)業，也是全(quan)縣海(hai)水(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)業的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)(chan)業之一，成(cheng)為(wei)群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)生(sheng)活出路。2006年(nian)(nian)，全(quan)縣從事太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)洋牡(mu)蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)專業人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)3000人(ren)(ren)，季(ji)節性(xing)兼業人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)2500人(ren)(ren)，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)洋牡(mu)蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，已成(cheng)為(wei)漁(yu)村家庭的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)經濟(ji)收(shou)入。以(yi)深澳(ao)鎮為(wei)例，該鎮從事海(hai)水(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)專業人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)2000名，季(ji)節性(xing)兼業人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)1500人(ren)(ren)，年(nian)(nian)勞(lao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)基本收(shou)入達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)5000～8000元(yuan)，有(you)40%達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)2萬元(yuan)以(yi)上。漁(yu)村富(fu)余勞(lao)力，轉產(chan)(chan)轉業漁(yu)民的(de)(de)生(sheng)活出路問題也得以(yi)解決。隨著海(hai)水(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)迅猛(meng)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)收(shou)入提(ti)高了(le)，生(sheng)活改(gai)善了(le)，群(qun)眾(zhong)年(nian)(nian)存款儲蓄額達(da)(da)1000多(duo)萬元(yuan)，居全(quan)縣人(ren)(ren)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)儲蓄之首，這些存款幾乎都是養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)收(shou)入。