一、產品概況
1、產品名(ming)稱:茂名(ming)儲良龍眼
2、國(guo)家(jia)公告號(hao):國(guo)家(jia)質(zhi)量(liang)監督(du)檢(jian)驗(yan)檢(jian)疫總局(ju)2004年第(di)107號(hao)
3、產品標準編號:GB18406.2-2001
4、保護(hu)范(fan)圍(wei):廣東省茂名(ming)市現(xian)轄行(xing)政區域
5、質(zhi)量特色: 儲良(liang)龍眼(yan)是茂名水果名牌特產,果穗中等(deng)大果粒(li)均勻,果形(xing)(xing)扁圓形(xing)(xing)皮呈黃(huang)褐(he)色。果肉乳白色不(bu)透(tou)明(ming),爽脆味濃甜(tian)。果核較小(xiao)扁圓形(xing)(xing)棕褐(he)色,被譽為“果中神品”,有(you)“南(nan)方(fang)人參”美(mei)稱。
二、地標地理
茂名(ming)市地(di)處廣(guang)東省(sheng)西南(nan)部,南(nan)瀕南(nan)海,北倚(yi)廣(guang)東第二(er)高(gao)峰云開山脈。地(di)貌以山地(di)丘陵為主,兼有平原和沿海灘涂。屬熱(re)(re)帶向亞熱(re)(re)帶過渡地(di)帶,具有氣候溫暖、光照充足、雨量充沛、無霜期長(chang)的特色。
儲良龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)是典型(xing)的(de)(de)南亞(ya)熱(re)帶果(guo)樹,對氣候條件的(de)(de)要求極(ji)為(wei)嚴格。儲良龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)以山地(di)(di)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu),冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)溫(wen)度太低或霜凍(dong)會影響(xiang)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)生存(cun),對低溫(wen)極(ji)敏(min)感(gan),是限制(zhi)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)地(di)(di)理(li)分(fen)布(bu)范圍的(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因。儲良龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)是亞(ya)熱(re)帶果(guo)樹中(zhong)較(jiao)耐旱的(de)(de)樹種(zhong),茂名(ming)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)雨水少,便(bian)利于(yu)樹林養分(fen)積(ji)累用于(yu)翌年花(hua)芽分(fen)化(hua)。花(hua)期(qi)忌多雨陰濕和濃(nong)霧,影響(xiang)授粉而減產。果(guo)實成(cheng)熟期(qi)多雨,會降低果(guo)實品質,增加落果(guo)。6-8月充足(zu)水分(fen)是根系生長盛期(qi),龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)較(jiao)耐陰,故有(you)“當日荔枝,背(bei)日龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)”的(de)(de)俗稱。龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)對土(tu)壤(rang)適(shi)應(ying)性較(jiao)強,在紅壤(rang)沖(chong)積(ji)土(tu),砂(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)中(zhong)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)為(wei)理(li)想(xiang)。茂名(ming)地(di)(di)區土(tu)壤(rang)結(jie)構良好,疏松透氣。因此,土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質含量比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)豐富,N、P、K的(de)(de)含量比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)高(gao),理(li)化(hua)性狀好,十分(fen)適(shi)宜(yi)儲良龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)生長的(de)(de)需(xu)求。
三、文化背景
茂(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植龍(long)(long)眼(yan)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)悠久,最早可追溯到2000年前的(de)(de)漢代(dai),在(zai)唐代(dai),龍(long)(long)眼(yan)更是被列為(wei)朝(chao)廷貢品(pin)(pin)。明代(dai)名(ming)醫李時(shi)珍在(zai)《本草綱目》中(zhong)記載:“龍(long)(long)眼(yan)味(wei)甘,開胃(wei)健脾(pi),補腦益智”。儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)原產茂(mao)(mao)名(ming),作為(wei)一個(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有100多年歷(li)史(shi),是我市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)傳統的(de)(de)名(ming)牌特產。儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)母樹(shu)現存(cun)于茂(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)(shi)高州分界(jie)鎮儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)村(cun),該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)是茂(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)(shi)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)管理部(bu)門1982年進(jin)行水(shui)果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)檢查、選優(you)時(shi)從茂(mao)(mao)名(ming)市(shi)(shi)高州分界(jie)鎮儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)村(cun)發現的(de)(de)一棵優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)單株(zhu),故(gu)定名(ming)為(wei)“儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)”。“儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)”原來只有一棵樹(shu),從1983年起,由政府(fu)扶持(chi)對該棵樹(shu)進(jin)行保護和(he)(he)育苗繁殖,經過20年的(de)(de)發展形(xing)成(cheng)了現在(zai)全市(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植了上百萬(wan)畝的(de)(de)“儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)”規(gui)模。儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)品(pin)(pin)質優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang),被譽(yu)(yu)為(wei)“果(guo)(guo)中(zhong)神品(pin)(pin)”,果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)以其(qi)果(guo)(guo)穗中(zhong)等大(da),果(guo)(guo)粒大(da)小均勻,著果(guo)(guo)較密。果(guo)(guo)實大(da)且扁圓(yuan)形(xing),果(guo)(guo)皮黃褐(he)色。果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)乳白色不透明,肉(rou)質爽脆,味(wei)濃甜而享(xiang)譽(yu)(yu)中(zhong)外(wai)。是鮮食和(he)(he)加(jia)工兼優(you)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),用儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)加(jia)工成(cheng)的(de)(de)桂圓(yuan)肉(rou)享(xiang)有“南(nan)方人參”的(de)(de)美譽(yu)(yu)。
四、文化積淀
龍眼(yan)又(you)稱桂圓,因此常(chang)被(bei)人們拿來比喻“早(zao)生貴子”和“平(ping)安富貴”之意。據(ju)(ju)說,在2000年(nian)前的(de)(de)漢(han)代(dai),茂名高(gao)州沙田(tian)鎮的(de)(de)龍眼(yan)便作為(wei)貢品向朝庭(ting)的(de)(de)皇帝(di)進貢。《漢(han)書和帝(di)記(ji)》有“舊南海(即今高(gao)州沙田(tian))獻(xian)龍眼(yan)”的(de)(de)記(ji)述(shu)“十里(li)一置,五里(li)一堠。帝(di)敕太宮,勿復(fu)受獻(xian)。”明代(dai)醫家李時珍在他的(de)(de)《本草綱目》一書里(li)描(miao)述(shu):“資益以(yi)龍眼(yan)為(wei)良(liang)。”據(ju)(ju)《茂名縣志》記(ji)載:“高(gao)州沙田(tian)列漢(han)南海圖經。”
作為(wei)“果中(zhong)神品”,龍眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)直(zhi)以來(lai)都受(shou)到(dao)人(ren)們的喜愛。宋代詩(shi)人(ren)楊(yang)萬里(li)曾(ceng)在(zai)他的《西(xi)園晚步二首》中(zhong)寫(xie)道:“龍眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)初如(ru)綠豆肥(fei),荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)似佛螺兒。南(nan)荒北(bei)客難將息(xi),最是(shi)殘春首夏時(shi)。”蘇(su)東坡的“日啖荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)三百顆,不辭長作嶺(ling)南(nan)人(ren)”早已(yi)被世人(ren)熟悉,他對龍眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也情有獨鐘,他說過:龍眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi),異(yi)出同父祖。他還(huan)寫(xie)了一(yi)首叫《荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)嘆》的詩(shi)詞:“十里(li)一(yi)置飛塵灰,五里(li)一(yi)堠兵火催。顛坑仆谷相(xiang)枕藉,知是(shi)荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)龍眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)來(lai)。飛車跨山鶻橫海,鳳(feng)枝(zhi)(zhi)露(lu)葉如(ru)新采。宮(gong)中(zhong)美人(ren)一(yi)破顏,驚塵濺血流千載。永元荔(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)交州,天寶歲貢(gong)取之涪(fu)。至今(jin)欲食林甫肉,無人(ren)舉觴(shang)酹佰游(you)。”
五、品牌建設
茂(mao)名儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)植(zhi)發展快,面(mian)積(ji)大,近(jin)年(nian)來,茂(mao)名已發展成為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)最大的優(you)質龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)基(ji)地,令世人刮目(mu)相看。1982年(nian)和1984年(nian),湛江(jiang)地區和茂(mao)名市進(jin)行優(you)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)品種(zhong)評(ping)選,儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)獲得(de)第(di)(di)(di)一名。1990年(nian)廣東(dong)省龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)優(you)良(liang)(liang)品種(zhong)評(ping)比,儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以103.45分榮獲第(di)(di)(di)一名,被(bei)(bei)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)農業(ye)(ye)科學院(yuan)果樹研究所收(shou)入全國(guo)(guo)(guo)優(you)稀龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)基(ji)因庫貯存。在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)一、二屆中國(guo)(guo)(guo)農業(ye)(ye)博(bo)覽會上,儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)101個龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)品種(zhong)中脫穎而出獲得(de)金(jin)牌獎(jiang),1997年(nian)又獲第(di)(di)(di)三屆中國(guo)(guo)(guo)農業(ye)(ye)博(bo)覽會名牌產(chan)品稱(cheng)號,在(zai)隨(sui)后的1999年(nian)和2001年(nian)均(jun)獲得(de)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)農業(ye)(ye)博(bo)覽會名牌產(chan)品稱(cheng)號,成為(wei)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)獲取最高殊榮的龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)品種(zhong)。2001年(nian)8月,儲(chu)(chu)良(liang)(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)被(bei)(bei)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)綠(lv)色食品開(kai)發中心認證為(wei)綠(lv)色食品A級產(chan)品。
茂(mao)名(ming)市(shi)(shi)委(wei)、市(shi)(shi)政府(fu)十分重(zhong)視水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)業的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),堅持(chi)(chi)把(ba)“念(nian)活山海經(jing)”和(he)大(da)(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)以(yi)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)為龍頭“三(san)(san)高(gao)”農(nong)業作為振(zhen)興農(nong)村經(jing)濟的(de)(de)支柱產(chan)(chan)業來抓(zhua),做(zuo)到“領導換屆,路子不改(gai)”,堅持(chi)(chi)走實(shi)施(shi)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)戰略以(yi)拓展(zhan)(zhan)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)可持(chi)(chi)續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)之路。因此,茂(mao)名(ming)加大(da)(da)對儲(chu)良龍眼(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)宣(xuan)傳力(li)度,取得了較好(hao)的(de)(de)成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)抓(zhua)龍頭帶動(dong)(dong)。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)各(ge)(ge)級水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)部門加強與農(nong)業龍頭企(qi)業合作,抓(zhua)好(hao)龍頭企(qi)業標準(zhun)(zhun)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan),以(yi)龍頭帶動(dong)(dong),與果(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)簽訂產(chan)(chan)銷合同(tong),帶動(dong)(dong)了果(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)按標準(zhun)(zhun)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan),提(ti)高(gao)了經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)充分發(fa)揮行(xing)(xing)業學會、協會的(de)(de)作用。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)現(xian)有茂(mao)名(ming)市(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)學會、高(gao)州市(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)行(xing)(xing)業協會、信宜種植者協會、分界(jie)鎮水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)學會等,這些(xie)行(xing)(xing)業學會、協會注重(zhong)抓(zhua)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)研究(jiu)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)、推廣(guang),制定(ding)(ding)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)協會章程和(he)運(yun)作形式(shi),吸引農(nong)民(min)入會,把(ba)千家(jia)萬戶果(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)的(de)(de)分散經(jing)營(ying)納入行(xing)(xing)業協會的(de)(de)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)化(hua)(hua)管理,實(shi)現(xian)水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)前(qian)、產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)、產(chan)(chan)后各(ge)(ge)個環節(jie)都按標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)要求進(jin)行(xing)(xing)運(yun)作和(he)監督。實(shi)行(xing)(xing)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)植規格、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)施(shi)肥、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)噴藥(yao)(yao)除蟲(chong)滅(mie)病、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)控梢(shao)促花、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)保花果(guo)(guo)(guo)、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)采收,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高(gao)儲(chu)良龍眼(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)質量安全(quan)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)。三(san)(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)力(li)推廣(guang)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)物肥料和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物農(nong)藥(yao)(yao),推行(xing)(xing)病蟲(chong)病綜合防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),防(fang)止(zhi)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘留,提(ti)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)建立示范(fan)(fan)(fan)基地。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)各(ge)(ge)級水(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)部門狠(hen)抓(zhua)儲(chu)良龍眼(yan)(yan)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)基地,通(tong)過示范(fan)(fan)(fan)帶動(dong)(dong)廣(guang)大(da)(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)走標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)道路。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量認證,發(fa)揮品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)效(xiao)(xiao)應作用。
六、營養價值
龍(long)(long)眼(yan)具(ju)有很多(duo)保健(jian)功能,李時(shi)珍說(shuo):“龍(long)(long)眼(yan)大補”,”資益以(yi)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)為良”。鮮果有開胃健(jian)脾,補益安(an)神功效。其加工制品(pin)是治療病后體虛(xu),貧血(xue)痿黃,神經衰弱(ruo),產后血(xue)虧的理想(xiang)補品(pin)。民(min)間(jian)常以(yi)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)干(gan)配黨(dang)參煎服(fu)(fu),用于(yu)治氣(qi)血(xue)虧損癥,產婦(fu)分(fen)娩后服(fu)(fu)此湯劑可補氣(qi)血(xue)、恢(hui)復元氣(qi),老弱(ruo)病者在冬季(ji)常服(fu)(fu)此湯可補氣(qi)血(xue),抵御風(feng)寒(han)。
七、醫療功效
國(guo)內外科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)家發(fa)現龍眼(yan)肉有明顯(xian)的(de)抗(kang)衰(shuai)老、抗(kang)癌(ai)的(de)作(zuo)用。研(yan)究表明,人體有一(yi)種黃(huang)素(su)蛋白酶(MAO-B)和機體的(de)衰(shuai)老有密切關(guan)連(lian),即其(qi)活(huo)性升高可加速老化。日(ri)本(ben)大阪中醫研(yan)究所曾對(dui)800多種天然食(shi)物(wu)、藥物(wu)進行(xing)抗(kang)癌(ai)試驗,發(fa)現龍眼(yan)的(de)肉水浸液(ye)對(dui)子(zi)宮頸癌(ai)細胞有90%以上的(de)抑制率,比對(dui)照組抗(kang)癌(ai)化療藥物(wu)博(bo)萊(lai)霉素(su)要高25%,它幾乎(hu)與抗(kang)癌(ai)藥物(wu)長壽(shou)新堿相當。在中國(guo)第二屆抗(kang)衰(shuai)老科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)研(yan)究會上,一(yi)些學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)提出(chu)龍眼(yan)可能會成為潛(qian)在的(de)具有MAO-B抑制活(huo)性的(de)抗(kang)衰(shuai)老食(shi)品。
【性味】甘、平溫、無毒。
【歸經】入心、脾、胃(wei)。
【功(gong)效】補心(xin)脾(pi),益氣血(xue),健脾(pi)胃,養肌肉。
【主(zhu)治】思(si)慮(lv)傷脾(pi),頭昏,失眠,心悸怔忡,虛贏,病(bing)后(hou)或產(chan)后(hou)體虛,及由于脾(pi)虛所致之下(xia)血失血癥。
【禁忌】患(huan)有外感實邪,痰飲脹滿者(zhe)勿(wu)食龍眼(yan)肉。
【說明】龍眼(yan)(yan)肉(rou)有補心(xin)脾、益(yi)氣血作用,是一(yi)種比較理(li)想的中藥,但(dan)鮮龍眼(yan)(yan)肉(rou)多食卻易(yi)生濕熱及(ji)引起口干,入藥治病多用干龍眼(yan)(yan),又名(ming)桂圓肉(rou)。
【選方】
1.龍眼肉,每(mei)日嚼食30克(ke),治心悸怔忡(chong)。
2.龍眼肉,蒸(zheng)熟每日(ri)食之(zhi),食至500多克后,即可(ke)治(zhi)愈(yu)心(xin)悸(ji)怔忡、失眠、心(xin)脾(pi)血虛癥者及大便(bian)下血數(shu)日(ri)不(bu)愈(yu)者。
3.龍(long)眼肉10克(ke)(ke),蓮(lian)子15克(ke)(ke),糯米(mi)60克(ke)(ke),煮粥(zhou)每日(ri)早晚食,治貧血體弱,心(xin)悸失眠(mian),精神不(bu)振。
4.龍眼肉10克,花(hua)生米(mi)(連紅衣)12克,水(shui)煎(jian)服,亦治(zhi)貧血體弱。
5.龍眼肉、炒酸棗仁(ren)各10克,芡(qian)實12克,煮湯睡(shui)前飲,治失(shi)眠、心悸。
6.龍眼肉干七個,連核一(yi)起放火(huo)中(zhong)煅炭存(cun)性,研細末,分四(si)次服,一(yi)日兩次,用鍛(duan)赭石(shi)15克煎水送服,治呃(e)逆。
7.龍眼龍30克(ke)配白糖3克(ke),若素體(ti)多火(huo)者(zhe)再加(jia)入西(xi)洋參片,碗口加(jia)蓋,每天在飯鍋(guo)上蒸(zheng),蒸(zheng)至百次(ci),便成玉(yu)靈(ling)膏(gao)(亦稱代參膏(gao))。
凡年老體(ti)衰贏弱(ruo)病者(zhe),每(mei)次用(yong)開水送(song)服(fu)一匙(chi),大補(bu)氣血,力勝參芪,產(chan)婦臨產(chan)前服(fu)之尤佳。
8.龍眼(yan)肉15-30克(ke),大紅棗15克(ke),水適量(liang),同(tong)蒸熟(shu)食(shi)用。治婦女崩漏,貧血,血小板減少。
9.龍(long)眼干(gan)、大(da)棗、生姜各(ge)適(shi)量,水煎(jian)服,治產后浮腫。
10.龍眼肉、雞蛋(dan),蒸(zheng)熟(shu)食用,治月(yue)經不(bu)調(diao),產后虛弱(ruo)。
11.龍眼(yan)干(gan)14枚,生姜3片,水煎服,治脾虛泄瀉。
12.歸(gui)元仙酒:龍眼肉(rou)、當(dang)歸(gui)適量(liang),用(yong)40度米酒浸泡半月后,每日(ri)少量(liang)飲之,有(you)養血益顏之功效(xiao)。