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龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)是中國(guo)傳(chuan)統(tong)名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)，著名(ming)綠茶(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)一。產(chan)于浙(zhe)江(jiang)杭州(zhou)(zhou)西湖(hu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)村(cun)一帶，已(yi)有一千二百余年(nian)歷史。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)色澤翠綠，香氣濃郁(yu)，甘醇爽口，形如雀舌，即有“色綠、香郁(yu)、味甘、形美”四絕的(de)(de)特點(dian)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)得名(ming)于龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)位(wei)于西湖(hu)之(zhi)西翁家山(shan)的(de)(de)西北麓的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)村(cun)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)因其產(chan)地(di)不同，分為西湖(hu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)、錢塘龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)（蕭山(shan)、富陽）、越州(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)（紹興地(di)區：包括新昌縣(xian)（大佛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)）、嵊州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)（越鄉(xiang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)））三種，除(chu)了杭州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)西湖(hu)區所(suo)管(guan)轄的(de)(de)范圍（龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)村(cun)梅家塢至(zhi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)塢轉塘 十三個生產(chan)大隊(dui)）的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉叫作西湖(hu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)外，其它產(chan)地(di)產(chan)的(de)(de)俗(su)稱為浙(zhe)江(jiang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)。浙(zhe)江(jiang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)又以越州(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)為勝。

西湖(hu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)位(wei)列中(zhong)國十大名茶(cha)(cha)之首，清乾隆游覽杭州西湖(hu)時(shi)，盛贊龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)(cha)，并把獅峰(feng)山(shan)下胡公廟前的(de)十八棵茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)封為“御茶(cha)(cha)”。得(de)名于龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)位(wei)于西湖(hu)之西翁家山(shan)的(de)西北麓，也就是(shi)(shi)現(xian)在的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)村(cun)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)原(yuan)名龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)泓，是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)圓形的(de)泉池，大旱不涸，古人以為此(ci)泉與海相通(tong)，其中(zhong)有龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，因稱(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)，傳(chuan)說晉代葛洪曾(ceng)在此(ci)煉丹。離龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)500米左右(you)的(de)落暉塢(wu)有龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)寺(si)，俗(su)稱(cheng)老(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)，創建于五代后漢乾祐二年（949年），初名報國看經院(yuan)。北宋(song)時(shi)改名壽(shou)圣院(yuan)。南宋(song)時(shi)又改稱(cheng)廣(guang)福院(yuan)、延恩(en)衍慶(qing)寺(si)。明正統三(san)年（1438年）才遷移至井(jing)(jing)(jing)畔，現(xian)寺(si)已廢(fei)，辟為茶(cha)(cha)室。

茶品歷史

始產于唐朝，明代益盛。在清明前(qian)(qian)采(cai)制的(de)叫“明前(qian)(qian)茶(cha)”，谷(gu)雨前(qian)(qian)采(cai)制的(de)叫“雨前(qian)(qian)茶(cha)”。向有“雨前(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)上(shang)品，明前(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)珍品”的(de)說(shuo)法(fa)，還有“早采(cai)一天(tian)是(shi)(shi)寶，晚(wan)采(cai)一天(tian)是(shi)(shi)草(cao)”的(de)說(shuo)法(fa)。龍井(jing)茶(cha)泡飲時，但見芽芽直(zhi)立(li)，湯色清洌，幽香四溢，尤以一芽一葉、俗稱“一旗一槍”者(zhe)為(wei)極品。

先時(shi)此茶按產期先后及(ji)芽(ya)葉嫩(nen)(nen)老，分(fen)為八級(ji)，即“蓮心、雀舌、極品、明前、雨(yu)前、頭春、二春、長大(da)”。今分(fen)為十(shi)一級(ji)，即特級(ji)與一至(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)級(ji)。一斤特級(ji)龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)，約有茶芽(ya)達八萬個之(zhi)多。獅峰山(shan)上的(de)龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)為龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)茶中(zhong)之(zhi)上品。該茶采摘有嚴格要(yao)求，有只采一個嫩(nen)(nen)芽(ya)的(de)，有采一芽(ya)一葉或一芽(ya)二葉初(chu)展的(de)。其(qi)制(zhi)工亦(yi)極為講究，在炒制(zhi)工藝中(zhong)有抖、挺、扣(kou)、抓(zhua)、壓、磨、搭、捺、拓、甩等(deng)十(shi)大(da)手法。操作時(shi)變化多端，令(ling)人叫絕(jue)。四(si)絕(jue)品質則(ze)是：色綠、香(xiang)郁、味(wei)(wei)醇(chun)、形美清代品茶名家贊譽龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)：“甘香(xiang)如蘭，幽而不洌，啜之(zhi)淡然，看(kan)似無味(wei)(wei)，而飲后感太和之(zhi)氣(qi)彌(mi)漫齒額之(zhi)間，此無味(wei)(wei)之(zhi)味(wei)(wei)，乃(nai)至(zhi)(zhi)味(wei)(wei)也。”

浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)龍井(jing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)，堪與傳(chuan)統名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)"西湖(hu)龍井(jing)"相媲美，是浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)譜中的(de)(de)后起之(zhi)秀。蕭山是浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)龍井(jing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)發源地和主產區。浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)龍井(jing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)在我市(shi)的(de)(de)社會價值(zhi)要超過它(ta)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟價值(zhi)。在招待親朋好(hao)友時或喜慶宴會后，如能飲上一杯"色、香、味、形"俱佳的(de)(de)龍井(jing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)，可以(yi)增添親切熱烈的(de)(de)氣氛。

西(xi)(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)龍(long)(long)(long)井(jing)茶(cha)，因(yin)產于中國杭州西(xi)(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)井(jing)茶(cha)區(qu)而(er)得名(ming)。中國十大名(ming)茶(cha)之一(yi)。欲(yu)把西(xi)(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)比西(xi)(xi)(xi)子(zi)，從來佳茗似佳人(ren)。龍(long)(long)(long)井(jing)既是地(di)名(ming)，又(you)是泉(quan)名(ming)和茶(cha)名(ming)。茶(cha)有“四(si)絕”：色綠、香郁、味(wei)甘、形美。特(te)級西(xi)(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)龍(long)(long)(long)井(jing)茶(cha)扁平光滑挺直，色澤嫩綠光潤，香氣鮮嫩清(qing)高，滋味(wei)鮮爽甘醇，葉底細嫩呈朵。清(qing)明(ming)節(jie)前(qian)采制的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)井(jing)茶(cha)簡(jian)稱(cheng)明(ming)前(qian)龍(long)(long)(long)井(jing)，美稱(cheng)女(nv)兒紅，“院(yuan)外風荷西(xi)(xi)(xi)子(zi)笑，明(ming)前(qian)龍(long)(long)(long)井(jing)女(nv)兒紅。”這優美的(de)(de)(de)句(ju)子(zi)如(ru)詩如(ru)畫，堪稱(cheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)龍(long)(long)(long)井(jing)茶(cha)的(de)(de)(de)絕妙寫(xie)真。集名(ming)山、名(ming)寺(si)、名(ming)湖(hu)(hu)、名(ming)泉(quan)和名(ming)茶(cha)于一(yi)體，泡一(yi)杯龍(long)(long)(long)井(jing)茶(cha)，喝出的(de)(de)(de)卻是世所罕見的(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)而(er)驕(jiao)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)井(jing)茶(cha)文化。

產地分布

龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)茶名(ming)聞中外(wai)，根據產(chan)地分獅(shi)、龍(long)(long)、云(yun)、虎(hu)龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)茶 ，即獅(shi)峰、龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)、云(yun)棲、虎(hu)跑四地，民國后(hou)梅(mei)家塢的產(chan)量有(you)了很大(da)的提(ti)高。以前(qian)人們按照五個產(chan)地的不(bu)(bu)同品(pin)(pin)質劃分龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)茶的質量排名(ming)，分別是獅(shi)、龍(long)(long)、云(yun)、虎(hu)、梅(mei)。解放后(hou)，龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)茶在浙江(jiang)省內(nei)得到了廣泛的種植(zhi)，品(pin)(pin)質參(can)差(cha)不(bu)(bu)齊，當(dang)前(qian)統(tong)一分為西(xi)(xi)湖龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)、大(da)佛(fo)龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)、錢塘龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)和越州龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)，以西(xi)(xi)湖龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)品(pin)(pin)質最佳。特(te)級龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)茶需(xu)要在鐵(tie)鍋(guo)里(li)用手翻炒，一次只能炒250克茶青，需(xu)耗時30分鐘(zhong)。茶鍋(guo)用電(dian)器(qi)加熱(re)一般保持(chi)在250氏度左右。千年來西(xi)(xi)湖龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)被世界追捧，市價居(ju)高不(bu)(bu)下，少留于市。