莒南板(ban)(ban)栗(li),山東省莒南縣名(ming)優特產(chan)(chan),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志保(bao)護產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。莒南縣地(di)處低(di)山丘陵區,雨熱(re)同季,秋高氣爽(shuang),土壤(rang)養(yang)分(fen)齊全,適宜板(ban)(ban)栗(li)生產(chan)(chan),產(chan)(chan)量名(ming)列山東第一,被(bei)列為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)優質高產(chan)(chan)高效栽(zai)培示范基地(di),所產(chan)(chan)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)個大、色艷、光滑油亮、果肉嫩黃細膩、香甜可口,素有"糯香栗(li)"之稱(cheng)。遠銷日(ri)本、新加(jia)坡、韓國(guo)(guo)(guo)、臺灣等國(guo)(guo)(guo)家和地(di)區,深(shen)受(shou)客戶(hu)青睞。
產地環境
莒(ju)南(nan)縣(xian)位于山東省東南(nan)部(bu)魯(lu)蘇(su)交界處,地處低(di)山丘(qiu)陵區,土壤(rang)養(yang)(yang)分(fen)齊(qi)全,適宜板栗生(sheng)產(chan)。屬暖溫(wen)帶季(ji)(ji)風區半濕潤大陸性(xing)氣候,四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明,冬季(ji)(ji)寒冷少雨雪,春季(ji)(ji)干(gan)旱多風,夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)炎熱多雨,秋季(ji)(ji)天(tian)高(gao)氣爽,晝夜溫(wen)差大,有利于板栗堅(jian)果(guo)養(yang)(yang)分(fen)積累。
品種特點
莒南板栗(li)(li)個大(da)、均勻,皮薄(bo)易剝,色澤(ze)鮮艷,味道甘甜(tian)。經過長期生產(chan)檢驗和篩選淘汰,21世(shi)紀(ji)初廣(guang)泛種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的主要有玉豐(feng)、石(shi)豐(feng)、麗(li)抗(kang)(kang)三個品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。尤其是具有自主知識產(chan)權的麗(li)抗(kang)(kang)板栗(li)(li)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),樹(shu)冠擴張快,早果、豐(feng)產(chan)、穩產(chan),嫁接后(hou)第(di)二(er)年結果;堅果外(wai)形美觀(guan)、亮麗(li),果粒大(da),商品(pin)性(xing)(xing)狀優良,炒食口(kou)感好(hao),糯性(xing)(xing)強,內(nei)在品(pin)質優良;抗(kang)(kang)干旱、耐(nai)瘠薄(bo),適合丘陵地建園栽植(zhi),抗(kang)(kang)板栗(li)(li)爛果病和紅(hong)蜘蛛危(wei)害。該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)2005年12月通過山東省林(lin)木品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)(shen)定委員會審(shen)(shen)定,已被國內(nei)其它板栗(li)(li)產(chan)區(qu)廣(guang)泛種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。
"莒(ju)南板栗"營養豐(feng)富。含淀粉51%~60%,蛋白質5.7%~0.7%,脂(zhi)肪2%~7.4%,還含有(you)豐(feng)富的纖維素(su)、胡蘿(luo)卜素(su)、維生素(su)A、B、C及磷、鉀、鈣、鋅、硒等元素(su),可(ke)供人體吸收(shou)和利(li)用的養分高達98%。熟食(shi)莒(ju)南板栗可(ke)以益氣(qi)血(xue)、養胃、補腎、健肝(gan)脾;生食(shi)還有(you)治療(liao)腰腿酸疼、舒筋(jin)活絡的功效。莒(ju)南板栗營養價(jia)值高。
生產情況
莒(ju)(ju)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣是山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地縣,板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)是主要經濟樹種(zhong),從(cong)1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)起,莒(ju)(ju)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣就(jiu)制定了10年(nian)(nian)(nian)發展(zhan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)40萬畝的(de)(de)發展(zhan)規劃,對(dui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)實行(xing)目(mu)標考核責(ze)任制,并全(quan)面(mian)(mian)落實栗(li)(li)園(yuan)承包經營,并建(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)縣、鄉、村三級科技(ji)推廣網(wang)絡(luo)。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian),莒(ju)(ju)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣政府制定了《莒(ju)(ju)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)規范化管理規程》,對(dui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)統一(yi)規劃、統一(yi)技(ji)術(shu)標準做(zuo)到(dao)山水(shui)田(tian)園(yuan)路(lu)(lu)綜合開發,實行(xing)路(lu)(lu)到(dao)園(yuan)、水(shui)到(dao)園(yuan)、電到(dao)園(yuan)和養殖(zhi)到(dao)園(yuan)的(de)(de)"四到(dao)園(yuan)"。到(dao)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)縣有板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)栽培良(liang)種(zhong)53個(ge),優(you)(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)應用率(lv)達到(dao)98.8%,種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)41萬畝,年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)3584萬公(gong)斤。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian),栽培品(pin)種(zhong)發展(zhan)到(dao)"燕山紅"、"煙(yan)青"、"煙(yan)泉""石豐"等優(you)(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong),板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)良(liang)種(zhong)化覆蓋率(lv)達100%。"莒(ju)(ju)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)"生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)標準化程度高。莒(ju)(ju)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)共承擔國家和省(sheng)市(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)科技(ji)課題項目(mu)10余(yu)項,獲得省(sheng)部級科技(ji)成果8項,其中"板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)良(liang)種(zhong)選育與(yu)出口(kou)創(chuang)匯名(ming)牌(pai)(pai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)基地建(jian)設"獲山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)科技(ji)進(jin)步二等獎。逐(zhu)步形成了一(yi)套完整的(de)(de)"莒(ju)(ju)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)"栽培技(ji)術(shu),形成了穩(wen)定的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)隊(dui)伍和網(wang)絡(luo)技(ji)術(shu)推廣模式(shi)。山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)綠(lv)潤食(shi)品(pin)有限公(gong)司是中國最大的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)加(jia)(jia)工企業,2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)該(gai)公(gong)司板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)被評為(wei)(wei)"山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)名(ming)牌(pai)(pai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)"和"山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)名(ming)優(you)(you)農(林(lin))產(chan)(chan)品(pin)";2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)被授予(yu)農業產(chan)(chan)業化"國家重點(dian)龍頭(tou)企業"。在該(gai)企業的(de)(de)帶(dai)動下,莒(ju)(ju)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣已(yi)建(jian)成大型板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)交易(yi)市(shi)(shi)場1處,大中型板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)深(shen)加(jia)(jia)工企業6處,小型初(chu)加(jia)(jia)工點(dian)300多個(ge),實現板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)交易(yi)量(liang)1.6萬噸,年(nian)(nian)(nian)銷售收入3億元。深(shen)加(jia)(jia)工產(chan)(chan)品(pin)遠銷日、韓、歐(ou)、美(mei)、加(jia)(jia)、中東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)亞等地,"沂蒙綠(lv)潤"牌(pai)(pai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)深(shen)加(jia)(jia)工系列產(chan)(chan)品(pin)成為(wei)(wei)食(shi)品(pin)行(xing)業的(de)(de)知名(ming)品(pin)牌(pai)(pai),年(nian)(nian)(nian)出口(kou)創(chuang)匯2000萬美(mei)元。