產地環境
產(chan)區位于武(wu)夷(yi)山(shan)(shan)和戴云山(shan)(shan)之間,閩江上游各源流貫其中(zhong),屬(shu)中(zhong)亞熱帶農(nong)(nong)業(ye)氣候(hou)區。氣候(hou)溫(wen)和,雨量充(chong)沛。年平均氣溫(wen)18~20.5℃,最(zui)冷月平均氣溫(wen)8℃左右,無霜期約300天,年降水(shui)量1200~1500毫米(mi)。農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物以水(shui)稻、大豆為主,甘(gan)薯(shu)次之。碎米(mi)、米(mi)糠等糧(liang)食加工副產(chan)品和青綠多汁(zhi)飼料豐富。
地理分布
閩北花(hua)豬廣泛(fan)分布在閩江上游的沙溪,富屯溪,建溪、尤溪兩岸約15個縣、市。
品種形成
據說,閩北花豬是(shi)由當地的一種小(xiao)型花豬與(yu)(yu)放(fang)竹排人從江西帶進的花豬雜交后形(xing)成(cheng)的。但主(zhu)要應(ying)是(shi)由產區群眾根(gen)據生(sheng)活(huo)習慣及高能量飼料、自然(ran)環境與(yu)(yu)社會經濟等因(yin)素影響,經長(chang)期選育而形(xing)成(cheng)的這種早熟易肥(fei)、肉質細嫩、富含脂肪的地方品種。
品種特征
閩北花豬被毛(mao)細、稀、短,頭(tou)中等大(da)小,額有(you)深(shen)淺、形狀不一(yi)的(de)皺紋,耳前(qian)傾下(xia)垂(chui)(chui),頸短厚,背腰寬(kuan)(kuan),背多凹(ao)陷,腹(fu)大(da)下(xia)垂(chui)(chui),臀寬(kuan)(kuan)而(er)稍傾斜。毛(mao)色(se)為黑白(bai)(bai)斑塊相間(jian),分布不很(hen)一(yi)致(zhi),有(you)的(de)除四肢、腹(fu)下(xia)部及尾(wei)端為白(bai)(bai)色(se)外,其余均為黑色(se);有(you)的(de)胸(xiong)部、腹(fu)部、肩胛(jia)部和四肢、尾(wei)端均為白(bai)(bai)色(se);有(you)的(de)肩部有(you)寬(kuan)(kuan)窄不一(yi)、兩側相連或不連接的(de)白(bai)(bai)色(se)環帶,俗稱“花背甲”。
品種性能
據測定,6月齡后備母豬的平均體重為30.59公斤,體長77.16厘米,若飼養粗放,體重、體尺可能都達不到此值。閩北花豬中的母豬一般在產3~4胎后體型才穩定。成年母豬平均(jun)體(ti)重83.90公斤,體(ti)長(chang)113.00厘(li)(li)(li)米,體(ti)高(gao)58.70厘(li)(li)(li)米,胸圍102.20厘(li)(li)(li)米;成年公豬平均(jun)體(ti)重78.10公斤,體(ti)長(chang)110.90厘(li)(li)(li)米,體(ti)高(gao)63.30厘(li)(li)(li)米,胸圍102.40厘(li)(li)(li)米。公豬性(xing)成(cheng)熟較早,3月(yue)齡(ling)左右即(ji)有性(xing)行為(wei)(wei),一(yi)般在5~6月(yue)齡(ling)開始(shi)初配。母(mu)(mu)豬在發情(qing)7~8次后,即(ji)8月(yue)齡(ling)、體重40公斤左右開始(shi)初次配種。初產母(mu)(mu)豬平(ping)均(jun)產仔數為(wei)(wei)7.5頭(tou)(tou),經產母(mu)(mu)豬的平(ping)均(jun)產仔數為(wei)(wei)8.77頭(tou)(tou);每頭(tou)(tou)平(ping)均(jun)初生重0.66公斤,30日齡(ling)窩(wo)重為(wei)(wei)32.02公斤,60日齡(ling)斷奶窩(wo)重為(wei)(wei)70.8公斤,哺育率達(da)90.30%。
在(zai)青、粗(cu)飼(si)(si)(si)料為(wei)(wei)主的(de)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia),肥育豬從(cong)平(ping)均(jun)體重8.30公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)開始,至66.30公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)長成,平(ping)均(jun)日增(zeng)重212克,每增(zeng)重1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)需青料11.63公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)、粗(cu)料3.57公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)、精(jing)料2.23公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),約(yue)折合(he)5個燕(yan)麥(mai)(mai)飼(si)(si)(si)料單位,在(zai)以米湯、剩飯和(he)泔水為(wei)(wei)主的(de)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia),增(zeng)重較快,飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)6個月,體重達75.90公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),可出欄上市,每增(zeng)重1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)消耗精(jing)料1.84公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)、青料2.73公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)、粗(cu)料1.34公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),約(yue)折3.29個燕(yan)麥(mai)(mai)飼(si)(si)(si)料單位。在(zai)不限(xian)量(liang)飼(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)混合(he)飼(si)(si)(si)料(組成為(wei)(wei)45%稻谷粉、30%麩(fu)皮、20%糠餅和(he)5%魚粉或黃豆粉,另加2%石粉和(he)1%食鹽)、上下(xia)(xia)午(wu)各(ge)投喂(wei)一次青飼(si)(si)(si)料的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia),平(ping)均(jun)日增(zeng)重367克,每增(zeng)重1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)消耗精(jing)料4.79公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)、青料1.82公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),折合(he)4.30個燕(yan)麥(mai)(mai)飼(si)(si)(si)料單位。
平(ping)均(jun)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)61.10公(gong)斤的肥(fei)育(yu)豬(zhu),其屠宰率為(wei)72.34%,體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)96.60公(gong)斤的肥(fei)育(yu)豬(zhu),屠宰率為(wei)75.16%,據7頭肥(fei)豬(zhu)的屠宰測定,3頭平(ping)均(jun)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)76(74~78)公(gong)斤,屠宰率為(wei)69.80%,背膘厚(hou)5.5厘(li)(li)米,腹脂占(zhan)(zhan)胴體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8.9%,后腿占(zhan)(zhan)胴體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的26.67%;4頭平(ping)均(jun)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)100.63(87~111)公(gong)斤的肥(fei)豬(zhu),屠宰率為(wei)71.10%,背膘厚(hou)6.50厘(li)(li)米,腹脂占(zhan)(zhan)胴體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的9.00%,后腿占(zhan)(zhan)胴體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的25.93%。