遼寧絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)原產于遼寧省(sheng)東南部山(shan)(shan)區步云(yun)山(shan)(shan)周圍各市(shi)縣,屬絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)肉(rou)兼(jian)用型(xing)(xing)品種,是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)品種中(zhong)產絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)最高的優良品種。該品種具有產絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)高,絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)纖(xian)維(wei)長,粗細度適中(zhong),體形(xing)壯(zhuang)大,適應性(xing)強,遺傳性(xing)能(neng)穩定、改良低產山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)效果顯著(zhu)等特點(dian),其產絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)居全國(guo)之首,被譽為"國(guo)寶",是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)重點(dian)畜禽遺傳保護資源。主(zhu)要分布在蓋州及其相鄰的岫巖、遼陽、本(ben)溪、鳳城、寬甸、莊(zhuang)河(he)、瓦房(fang)店等地區。遼寧絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)種用價值極(ji)高,尤其對內(nei)蒙絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)新(xin)品系的形(xing)成貢獻卓(zhuo)著(zhu)。屬絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)肉(rou)兼(jian)用型(xing)(xing)品種。
簡單介紹
原產于遼寧省遼東半(ban)島東南(nan)部的(de)蓋縣、復縣、岫(xiu)巖和莊河等(deng)地;陜西、甘肅、新疆和內蒙古等(deng)省(自治(zhi)區)曾(ceng)引進本品(pin)種(zhong)改良當地土種(zhong)山羊獲(huo)得初步成(cheng)效。
遼寧絨(rong)山(shan)羊原產于遼寧省東(dong)南部山(shan)區步(bu)云(yun)山(shan)周圍各市縣,屬絨(rong)肉兼用型(xing)品種(zhong),因產絨(rong)量高,適應性強(qiang),遺(yi)傳性能(neng)穩(wen)定、改良(liang)各地土種(zhong)山(shan)羊效果顯著而在國(guo)內(nei)外享有盛譽。
基本分布
現主要分布在(zai)蓋州及其相鄰的岫巖、遼陽、本溪、鳳城、寬甸、莊河、瓦房(fang)店(dian)等(deng)地(di)區(qu)。
外形特征
遼寧絨山羊(yang)公(gong)、母羊(yang)均有角,有髯,公(gong)羊(yang)角發(fa)達,向兩側(ce)平(ping)直伸展,母羊(yang)角向后上(shang)方(fang)。額頂有自(zi)然彎曲(qu)并帶絲光的綹毛(mao)。體(ti)軀結(jie)構(gou)勻(yun)稱,體(ti)質結(jie)實(shi)。頸部寬(kuan)厚,頸肩結(jie)合良好(hao),背平(ping)直,后軀發(fa)達,呈倒(dao)三(san)角形狀。四肢較短(duan),蹄質結(jie)實(shi),短(duan)瘦尾,尾尖上(shang)翹(qiao)。被毛(mao)為(wei)全(quan)白色,外層(ceng)為(wei)粗毛(mao),且有絲光光澤,內層(ceng)為(wei)絨毛(mao)。
社會評價
遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)絨山羊種用(yong)價值極高,尤(you)其對內(nei)蒙絨山羊新品(pin)系的(de)(de)形成(cheng),做出了杰出的(de)(de)貢獻。遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)絨山羊在(zai)改良和(he)提高我國各省區絨山羊品(pin)質(zhi)方面,起著至關重要的(de)(de)作用(yong),社(she)會效(xiao)益和(he)經濟效(xiao)益巨大。
品種描述
公(gong)羊角粗(cu)(cu)大,向(xiang)兩(liang)側平(ping)(ping)直(zhi)伸展;母(mu)羊角較細(xi),向(xiang)后(hou)上方伸開。額部均(jun)(jun)有卷毛(mao),頜下有髯,頸(jing)部寬厚(hou),背(bei)腰(yao)平(ping)(ping)直(zhi),后(hou)軀發達(da),四(si)肢堅(jian)實,結構勻稱。成年公(gong)羊體重(zhong)68~82千(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke);母(mu)羊40~75千(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。成熟較晚,5月(yue)齡(ling)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右發情,配種(zhong)適齡(ling)宜在(zai)18月(yue)齡(ling)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右,產(chan)區多于11月(yue)配種(zhong),翌年3~4月(yue)份產(chan)羔(gao)。成年公(gong)羊絨(rong)毛(mao)產(chan)量(liang)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)736克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),高(gao)的(de)可達(da)1375克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke);粗(cu)(cu)毛(mao)650克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。母(mu)羊絨(rong)毛(mao)產(chan)量(liang)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)575克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),高(gao)的(de)可達(da)1025克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke);粗(cu)(cu)毛(mao)525克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。絨(rong)毛(mao)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)細(xi)度80支(zhi)(折合16.4微米),凈(jing)絨(rong)率75%以上。產(chan)絨(rong)量(liang)以2~6歲時最高(gao)。產(chan)區終年放牧(mu),冬春補飼。抓絨(rong)前10~15天(tian)加喂精料。如(ru)分(fen)兩(liang)次(ci)抓絨(rong),中間(jian)可相(xiang)隔(ge)10~15天(tian)。抓絨(rong)后(hou)半(ban)個(ge)月(yue)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右剪(jian)毛(mao),胡子(zi)和尾毛(mao)的(de)價(jia)格(ge)較高(gao),應(ying)另行包裝。
一.產品介紹
遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)東(dong)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)農(nong)民飼養(yang)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)歷史(shi)悠久。在沈陽(yang)新樂遺址,發(fa)現(xian)遼(liao)(liao)沈大地(di)在7000年前就(jiu)已經有豬、羊(yang)(yang)飼養(yang)。遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)絨(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)是(shi)在遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)地(di)區(qu)(qu)優(you)越(yue)的(de)生態(tai)條件下,經過民間(jian)長期自(zi)群選(xuan)育形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)地(di)方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。1955年11月首先在蓋(gai)縣(xian)(xian)被(bei)官方發(fa)現(xian)。1959年,遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)省農(nong)業廳(ting)(ting)組織全(quan)省開展畜禽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)資(zi)源(yuan)調查時,被(bei)專家們認定為優(you)良(liang)地(di)方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),時稱蓋(gai)縣(xian)(xian)絨(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)。1964年8月,農(nong)業部(bu)領導電(dian)告遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)省農(nong)業廳(ting)(ting):“遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)要從全(quan)國(guo)出發(fa),繁育好蓋(gai)縣(xian)(xian)絨(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang),支援各地(di)”。1980年,在全(quan)國(guo)統(tong)一的(de)畜禽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)調查中,發(fa)現(xian)在蓋(gai)縣(xian)(xian)周圍的(de)岫巖、鳳城、寬甸(dian)等地(di)也有類似的(de)絨(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang),所以改稱遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)絨(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang),并在蓋(gai)縣(xian)(xian)建立(li)遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)省絨(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)場。此后,經過20多年的(de)系統(tong)選(xuan)育,遼(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)絨(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)產絨(rong)(rong)量居世界白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)之冠(guan),有“國(guo)寶”美(mei)譽。
二.地域范圍
遼(liao)寧(ning)絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊產(chan)于遼(liao)寧(ning)地區(qu)(qu),地理(li)坐(zuo)標為(wei)東經(jing)118°53′-125°46′,北(bei)緯38°43′-43°26′,遼(liao)寧(ning)省(sheng)東北(bei)與吉林省(sheng)接(jie)壤,西北(bei)與內蒙古自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)為(wei)鄰,西南與河(he)(he)北(bei)省(sheng)毗連,與山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)隔(ge)海相望。以鴨綠(lv)江為(wei)界河(he)(he),與朝鮮(xian)民主(zhu)主(zhu)義人民共和國隔(ge)江相望,南瀕浩(hao)瀚的(de)(de)(de)(de)渤海和黃(huang)海。主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)包括大連市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旅順(shun)口(kou)區(qu)(qu)、金州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)、莊河(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、瓦(wa)房店市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、普蘭店市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、長海縣(xian)(xian)、大連經(jing)濟開發(fa)區(qu)(qu);營口(kou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鲅魚圈區(qu)(qu)、老邊區(qu)(qu)、蓋州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大石(shi)橋(qiao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);鞍山(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)岫巖縣(xian)(xian)、海城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、臺安縣(xian)(xian);遼(liao)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)圣區(qu)(qu)、宏偉區(qu)(qu)、弓長嶺(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)、太子河(he)(he)區(qu)(qu)、遼(liao)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)、燈塔市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);丹東市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)振安區(qu)(qu)、鳳城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、寬(kuan)甸縣(xian)(xian)、東港市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);本(ben)溪(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)、溪(xi)湖區(qu)(qu)、明山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)、南芬(fen)區(qu)(qu)、本(ben)溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)、桓仁縣(xian)(xian)、本(ben)溪(xi)開發(fa)區(qu)(qu);撫順(shun)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東洲(zhou)區(qu)(qu)、望花(hua)區(qu)(qu)、清(qing)原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)、撫順(shun)縣(xian)(xian)、新賓縣(xian)(xian)、撫順(shun)經(jing)濟開發(fa)區(qu)(qu);鐵(tie)嶺(ling)(ling)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)河(he)(he)區(qu)(qu)、鐵(tie)嶺(ling)(ling)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)濟開發(fa)區(qu)(qu)、調兵山(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、開原(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鐵(tie)嶺(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)、西豐縣(xian)(xian)、昌圖縣(xian)(xian)等8個(ge)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)44個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、區(qu)(qu))407個(ge)鄉鎮。飼養量1000萬(wan)只,產(chan)絨(rong)量2500噸。
三.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外在感官特征(zheng) 被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)全白,體(ti)質健(jian)壯,結(jie)構勻稱(cheng)、緊湊,頭(tou)輕小,額頂有長(chang)毛(mao)(mao),頜下(xia)有髯(ran),公羊角粗大,向后斜上方兩側(ce)螺旋式伸展,母羊角向后斜上方兩側(ce)捻曲伸出,頸寬厚(hou)、與肩部結(jie)合(he)良(liang)好,背腰平直,四肢粗壯,肢蹄(ti)結(jie)實(shi),短瘦尾(wei),尾(wei)尖上翹。被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)柔軟(ruan)有彈性,絨層厚(hou)實(shi),被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)覆蓋良(liang)好,用兩手(shou)分(fen)開(kai)毛(mao)(mao)叢,可(ke)見亮白、密而長(chang)的(de)絨叢。
(2)內在品(pin)質指標 遼寧絨(rong)山羊是(shi)世界最優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)絨(rong)山羊品(pin)種,是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農業領(ling)域擁有自主知識(shi)產(chan)權的(de)(de)特(te)殊品(pin)種資源,是(shi)廣(guang)大農牧民脫貧致富的(de)(de)主要(yao)品(pin)種。一直以(yi)(yi)(yi)其產(chan)絨(rong)量最高(gao)(gao)、出絨(rong)多、絨(rong)細度(du)好和(he)絨(rong)纖維(wei)長(chang)等綜合品(pin)質優秀(xiu)而居(ju)世界白(bai)絨(rong)山羊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠;又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其遺傳性(xing)能穩(wen)定(ding),雜交改良(liang)效果非(fei)常顯著,被(bei)譽(yu)為“中(zhong)華國(guo)(guo)(guo)寶”。長(chang)期以(yi)(yi)(yi)來被(bei)各大絨(rong)山羊產(chan)區引入,廣(guang)泛用于育種和(he)改良(liang),被(bei)育種專(zhuan)家譽(yu)為“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)絨(rong)山羊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父”。在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)《國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級畜禽(qin)遺傳資源保護名錄》中(zhong)列需要(yao)保護的(de)(de)羊類首位,是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府明令禁止出境的(de)(de)極(ji)少數畜禽(qin)品(pin)種之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一。成年(nian)公羊體重(zhong)40kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)、產(chan)絨(rong)量450g以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),成年(nian)母羊體重(zhong)30kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),產(chan)絨(rong)量300g以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang);絨(rong)自然長(chang)度(du)40mm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang);絨(rong)細度(du)10-20μm;含絨(rong)率(lv)60%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang);屠(tu)宰率(lv)春冬(dong)30%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),夏秋35%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。改良(liang)低(di)產(chan)絨(rong)山羊產(chan)絨(rong)量平均提高(gao)(gao)100g以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),個體體重(zhong)平均增(zeng)加3kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。
(3)安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 遼(liao)寧絨山羊(yang)(yang)所采食的(de)(de)飼料應(ying)符合(he)(he)《綠色食品飼料及(ji)飼料添加劑使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)準則》、《飼料衛生標準》。獸藥應(ying)符合(he)(he)《中華(hua)(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)獸藥典》、《中華(hua)(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)獸藥規范》、NY5126-2002《無公害食品肉(rou)(rou)牛(niu)飼養獸醫(yi)防疫(yi)(yi)(yi)準則》并在獸醫(yi)指(zhi)導下進行(xing)。對隔離治(zhi)療的(de)(de)羊(yang)(yang),待其完全健(jian)康后方可(ke)轉(zhuan)入健(jian)康群體(ti)。需要(yao)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)病羊(yang)(yang),應(ying)參(can)照GBl6548-1996《畜禽病害肉(rou)(rou)尸(shi)及(ji)其產品無害化處(chu)理(li)規程》牛(niu)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)進行(xing)處(chu)理(li)。飼養場內應(ying)設羊(yang)(yang)糞(fen)尿、褥草和(he)污物等處(chu)理(li)設施,廢棄物應(ying)遵循減量化、無害化和(he)資(zi)源化的(de)(de)原則。糞(fen)便經(jing)(jing)堆積(ji)發酵后可(ke)做農業(ye)用(yong)(yong)肥(fei), 污水應(ying)經(jing)(jing)發酵、沉淀(dian)后才能作為(wei)液體(ti)肥(fei)料使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。預防傳染病的(de)(de)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)苗應(ying)符合(he)(he)農業(ye)部(bu)的(de)(de)《獸用(yong)(yong)生物制品管理(li)辦法(fa)》的(de)(de)規定。 疫(yi)(yi)(yi)苗的(de)(de)接(jie)種應(ying)按照《中華(hua)(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)動物防疫(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)》、《遼(liao)寧絨山羊(yang)(yang)防疫(yi)(yi)(yi)技術規范》的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),結合(he)(he)當地(di)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)病的(de)(de)流(liu)行(xing)情況,有(you)針對性地(di)選用(yong)(yong)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)苗,并按疫(yi)(yi)(yi)苗使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)進行(xing)接(jie)種。寄生蟲預防要(yao)選擇高效(xiao)、安(an)全的(de)(de)抗(kang)寄生蟲藥。