一.產品介紹
峨眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)藤椒(jiao)(jiao),又(you)名(ming)峨眉(mei)油(you)椒(jiao)(jiao)、峨眉(mei)香椒(jiao)(jiao)子,花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)珍品,獨產(chan)峨眉(mei)山(shan)(shan),是(shi)四川(chuan)省 樂(le)山(shan)(shan)市(shi)的(de)著名(ming)特產(chan),四川(chuan)的(de)樂(le)山(shan)(shan)市(shi)、眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)市(shi)均產(chan),其(qi)中以(yi)峨眉(mei)山(shan)(shan)的(de)藤椒(jiao)(jiao)最為出(chu)名(ming),由于其(qi)果實最為飽滿、芳香自然(ran)、出(chu)油(you)率高,又(you)被稱為“坨(tuo)坨(tuo)椒(jiao)(jiao)”。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和(he)人文(wen)歷史因(yin)素(su)
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:峨眉山市境(jing)內地貌類型多(duo)樣,地勢(shi)起伏大,以山地為主(zhu),占總面(mian)積的58.7%,平壩區占總面(mian)積的20.4%,丘陵占總面(mian)積的20.9%,全(quan)市土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主(zhu)要為黃壤(rang)、紫壤(rang)、紅壤(rang)、棕壤(rang)、石(shi)灰石(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沖(chong)洪潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值(zhi)5.5—7.5,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質含量(liang)(liang)7-13%;全(quan)氮(dan)含量(liang)(liang)為19.5-29.5%,全(quan)磷含量(liang)(liang)為14.8-25.7%,全(quan)速磷9.85ppm,全(quan)速鉀(jia)103ppm,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質含量(liang)(liang)較其他區域高,是形成藤椒品質特(te)殊(shu)的必要條件。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:峨眉(mei)山市(shi)地處青衣江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)東、大(da)(da)渡河水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)南,境(jing)(jing)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)發達,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富,主(zhu)要河流(liu)有峨眉(mei)河、臨江(jiang)(jiang)河、龍池河、花(hua)溪河、石(shi)河,集水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)大(da)(da)于100平方公(gong)里。全市(shi)有9座(zuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,其中(zhong)觀(guan)音巖水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫最大(da)(da)。全市(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質清澈、潔凈,為工農經濟可(ke)持續發展(zhan)創造了良(liang)好的水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)環境(jing)(jing)。(3)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:峨眉(mei)山市(shi)屬中(zhong)亞熱帶濕(shi)潤性季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和,雨量充沛,少日照,山區(qu)多云(yun)霧,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)潮濕(shi)。產(chan)地海拔在400—1000m之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian),垂直氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)十分明顯(xian),平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在13—16℃之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian),年平均降雨量1555.3mm,全年日照950小(xiao)時左(zuo)右,空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相對濕(shi)度在80—90%之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian),全年無霜期(qi)310天。獨特的濕(shi)度、溫(wen)度條件利于藤(teng)椒生長。
(4)人文歷(li)史情(qing)(qing)況:藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)因其(qi)果實(shi)呈翠綠色(se),枝(zhi)條披散類似藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)狀而(er)得(de)名。藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)峨(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)(shan)本土樹(shu)種(zhong),原(yuan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)野生樹(shu)種(zhong)分布在峨(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)(shan)白水寺(萬年(nian)寺)一帶(dai),至今已有(you)上百年(nian)歷(li)史,且與(yu)峨(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)(shan)佛(fo)家飲(yin)食文化(hua)(hua)淵(yuan)源甚(shen)廣,被佛(fo)家稱之為(wei)(wei)“清(qing)心(xin)油(you)”,被百姓視為(wei)(wei)調(diao)味(wei)(wei)(wei)珍品(pin),用來贈送貴客和(he)重(zhong)大節日(ri)調(diao)味(wei)(wei)(wei)食用。 李白詩曰(yue):“白云寺外藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)樹(shu),根(gen)根(gen)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)上綴(zhui)慧珠。老僧識得(de)真面(mian)目,當做佛(fo)家清(qing)心(xin)油(you)。”,東(dong)坡(po)(po)先生之“東(dong)坡(po)(po)肘子(zi)東(dong)坡(po)(po)羹,所用物料皆平凡。但得(de)清(qing)心(xin)油(you)一滴,此味(wei)(wei)(wei)勝過豪門(men)宴。”,康熙楹聯“純純香味(wei)(wei)(wei)凈僧心(xin),悠(you)悠(you)麻味(wei)(wei)(wei)傳真情(qing)(qing)。”種(zhong)種(zhong)傳說賦予(yu)了峨(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)(shan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)豐富的(de)(de)文化(hua)(hua)內涵,峨(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)(shan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也以其(qi)獨特(te)品(pin)質(zhi)而(er)聲名遠揚。 歷(li)年(nian)7-8月(yue)(yue),藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成熟時節,素(su)有(you)煉“峨(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)”的(de)(de)習俗。藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)香味(wei)(wei)(wei)濃郁(yu),麻味(wei)(wei)(wei)綿長,調(diao)味(wei)(wei)(wei)別具特(te)色(se),且具有(you)消胃健脾(pi)、清(qing)熱解毒、散寒(han)、散淤活絡,軟化(hua)(hua)血(xue)脂(zhi),防治心(xin)腦(nao)血(xue)管疾病,增強食欲等功效。隨著(zhu)經濟的(de)(de)發展(zhan)和(he)人民生活水平的(de)(de)提高,峨(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)(shan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產品(pin)快速進入調(diao)味(wei)(wei)(wei)品(pin)行業,擁有(you)廣泛的(de)(de)市(shi)場空間和(he)開發前(qian)景。2006年(nian),峨(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)(shan)市(shi)政府將藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)列(lie)入產業化(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)規(gui)(gui)劃,出(chu)臺優惠政策,鼓(gu)勵發展(zhan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產業,目前(qian),全市(shi)10多個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)發展(zhan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),面(mian)積已達1.2萬畝,形成產業化(hua)(hua)經營(ying)規(gui)(gui)模(mo),并(bing)力(li)爭(zheng)發展(zhan)到(dao)6萬畝,成為(wei)(wei)全國最(zui)大的(de)(de)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基地, 2008年(nian)5月(yue)(yue),峨(e)眉(mei)(mei)(mei)山(shan)(shan)藤(teng)(teng)(teng)(teng)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)被四川省質(zhi)量(liang)技術監督局(ju)列(lie)為(wei)(wei)“省級標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)示范項(xiang)目”。
三.地域范圍
峨(e)眉山(shan)藤椒(jiao)地域保(bao)護范圍為(wei)(wei)峨(e)眉山(shan)市所轄(xia)行(xing)政區(qu)域的9個鎮(綏山(shan)、羅目、龍池(chi)、峨(e)山(shan)、大為(wei)(wei)、符溪、雙(shuang)福、高(gao)橋、勝(sheng)利)和6個鄉(xiang)(龍門、川主、沙溪、新坪(ping)、普興、黃(huang)灣(wan))。地理(li)坐標為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經(jing)103°10′30″— 103°37′10″,北緯29°16′30″— 29°43′42″,海拔在400—1000米(mi)之間(jian),保(bao)護范圍面積2000公頃(qing),年產量(liang)1200噸(dun)。 峨(e)眉山(shan)市位于四川省西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南部、四川盆(pen)地西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南邊緣,東(dong)北與川西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)平原接壤(rang),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南連接大小涼(liang)山(shan),是盆(pen)地到高(gao)山(shan)的過(guo)渡地帶。東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寬約25公里,南北長約46公里,似不規(gui)則長方形。東(dong)鄰樂山(shan)市中區(qu),南界峨(e)邊縣,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)鄰洪雅,北與夾江接壤(rang)。
四.產品品質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
(1)外在(zai)感(gan)官(guan)特征:峨眉山藤椒商(shang)品果(guo)為(wei)青綠(lv)色(se),成熟(shu)后(hou)為(wei)暗(an)紅色(se),商(shang)品果(guo)香味獨(du)特,麻味綿長,果(guo)穗長,果(guo)實(shi)較大,蓇葖果(guo),表面疣狀腺(xian)點大而突出,有(you)光澤(ze)。
(2)內在品(pin)質指(zhi)標:峨眉山(shan)藤椒含(han)有豐富酰胺類(lei)物質、烯類(lei)、醇(chun)類(lei)、醛類(lei)等成(cheng)分(fen),酰胺類(lei)物質(麻(ma)味(wei)物質)≥10mg/kg,使其呈現(xian)固有的清香味(wei),麻(ma)味(wei)綿長,香沁濃郁。
(3)安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu):峨(e)眉(mei)山藤椒嚴格標準化生(sheng)產,產品(pin)符合《無(wu)公害食品(pin) 香辛料》質(zhi)量要(yao)求(qiu)。