品種特性
因樹干木質化而形成小樹俗稱“樹子(zi)海椒(jiao)”,是多年生植物。最(zui)初(chu)隨著(zhu)藏傳(chuan)佛(fo)教的(de)傳(chuan)入(ru)從印度引進,后經(jing)當(dang)地特(te)殊(shu)的(de)地理位置和氣候環境長期(qi)栽培選育出的(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)原始的(de)地方辣椒(jiao)品種(zhong)(zhong)。該(gai)品種(zhong)(zhong)頭年以種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)育苗移栽,當(dang)年開花結(jie)果,可(ke)(ke)以露地越(yue)冬,經(jing)冬不死(si),每年春季又可(ke)(ke)發生新芽開花結(jie)果,植株高(gao)可(ke)(ke)達數米,葉片披針形,果實(shi)(shi)短角形,頂(ding)端(duan)稍尖,成熟后果實(shi)(shi)金黃鮮亮,其(qi)(qi)椒(jiao)果肉(rou)薄、辣味濃,可(ke)(ke)開胃健脾,曾入(ru)藏藥(yao),而其(qi)(qi)樹壽命可(ke)(ke)長達上百(bai)年。
營養價值
樹(shu)椒(jiao)的主要特點是維(wei)(wei)生素E、鈣、硒維(wei)(wei)生素C、核黃素含量高。
1、核黃素
樹(shu)椒(jiao)中含核黃素(su)0.566mg/100g,(干),其營豐富。核黃素(su)又(you)稱(cheng)維生(sheng)素(su)B2,它具(ju)有促進生(sheng)長(chang),預防皮(pi)膚(fu)炎、唇(chun)炎等(deng)。
2、 維生素E
樹椒中維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)E含量為12.56mg/100g(干),其(qi)營養極(ji)其(qi)豐富。維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)E是一(yi)種重要的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)理(li)活性物質,維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)E是可提高(gao)機體免疫能(neng)力,具有保(bao)持血紅(hong)細胞(bao)的(de)(de)完整并促(cu)進血紅(hong)細胞(bao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物合成的(de)(de)作用等。所以維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)E是一(yi)種經(jing)現代科學(xue)證實的(de)(de)食(shi)品功能(neng)因(yin)子。
3、維生素C
樹椒中含維(wei)生(sheng)素C30.4mg/100g(干),其(qi)營養(yang)極其(qi)豐富。維(wei)生(sheng)素C在人體代謝(xie)具有(you)極其(qi)重要的(de)生(sheng)理(li)功能,如促(cu)進(jin)膠原(yuan)的(de)生(sheng)物合成,促(cu)進(jin)骨骼和(he)牙齒生(sheng)長(chang),促(cu)進(jin)氨基酸低謝(xie)、發源對鐵、鈣和(he)葉(xie)酸的(de)利用等(deng)作用。
4、微量活性(xing)元(yuan)素
樹椒中含(han)(han)鈣量高,為240mg/100g。鈣對(dui)于(yu)人體骨骼和(he)(he)牙齒發(fa)育、血(xue)液凝固、心肌和(he)(he)骨骼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮、神經細胞功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調節(jie)有重要作用。樹椒中硒含(han)(han)量為5.2ug/100g,與其相對(dui)照的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干辣椒中不含(han)(han)硒。硒是人體必需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微量活性元(yuan)素,其重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用是可清(qing)除人體內產生(sheng)過多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活性氧自由基(ji),抑制細胞膜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脂質過氧化,避免其對(dui)組(zu)織細胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損傷(shang)。延緩(huan)其對(dui)組(zu)織細胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衰退老過程,表現出明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗衰老作用。
生產情況
得榮縣位(wei)于金沙江下游干熱(re)河谷區域,獨(du)特(te)(te)的地(di)理位(wei)置(zhi)和氣候條件(jian)使這里(li)成(cheng)為(wei)“樹(shu)椒”特(te)(te)產區。經(jing)過千年(nian)基(ji)因(yin)(yin)變化及長期栽(zai)培選育,成(cheng)為(wei)該縣一種原始地(di)方辣椒品種。但由(you)于效益因(yin)(yin)素,21世(shi)紀前(qian)的數百(bai)年(nian)時(shi)間里(li),樹(shu)椒只是(shi)零(ling)星而散落地(di)生(sheng)長在當地(di)一些鄉村(cun)的山溝地(di)邊。
2002年(nian),得榮縣開始調整(zheng)農(nong)業產業結(jie)構,經過大量調研和科學(xue)論證,樹(shu)椒作(zuo)為(wei)當地(di)特產被納入推(tui)廣種(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)經濟作(zuo)物之(zhi)一,讓當地(di)適宜種(zhong)(zhong)植樹(shu)椒地(di)區的(de)農(nong)戶選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)。
2003年(nian)(nian)(nian),得(de)榮(rong)縣開始(shi)(shi)規(gui)模化種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)規(gui)模達(da)到(dao)30畝(mu)(mu),2005年(nian)(nian)(nian),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)走出(chu)得(de)榮(rong),順利在周邊幾個縣域(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)內銷(xiao)售(shou),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)開始(shi)(shi)從(cong)每(mei)(mei)(mei)公斤3元回升到(dao)4元錢(qian)的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)。為了(le)將品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)做強,2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月,經過嚴格(ge)認證,得(de)榮(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)又(you)獲得(de)國家質量(liang)(liang)監(jian)督檢(jian)(jian)驗檢(jian)(jian)疫局認定的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理標志產品(pin)(pin)保護,加上周邊銷(xiao)售(shou)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)開發,擁有品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)的(de)(de)(de)得(de)榮(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)開始(shi)(shi)在國內市(shi)(shi)場(chang)崛起,遠銷(xiao)到(dao)上海、廣州(zhou)等地(di)市(shi)(shi)場(chang):當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian),得(de)榮(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)就從(cong)每(mei)(mei)(mei)公斤4元上漲(zhang)到(dao)10元,每(mei)(mei)(mei)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)戶因此(ci)至少多獲利2000余元。品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)效應(ying)、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)上漲(zhang),給當(dang)地(di)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)戶帶來了(le)甜頭,從(cong)最先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)愿意種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)零星(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),再從(cong)零星(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)又(you)不(bu)想種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),然(ran)后到(dao)自發種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)開始(shi)(shi)當(dang)地(di)適宜地(di)區迅速發展。2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)該(gai)(gai)縣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模達(da)到(dao)200多畝(mu)(mu),產量(liang)(liang)達(da)到(dao)75噸(dun)左(zuo)右,但還是供不(bu)應(ying)求(qiu)。 2008,得(de)榮(rong)縣樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模達(da)750多畝(mu)(mu),如果按畝(mu)(mu)產750公斤計算,得(de)榮(rong)縣樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產量(liang)(liang)大概在562.5噸(dun)左(zuo)右。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)在得(de)榮(rong)已形成規(gui)模化,該(gai)(gai)縣5個鄉(xiang)、鎮(zhen)先(xian)后建(jian)立起了(le)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)地(di)。
產品加工
為進一步打開(kai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒銷(xiao)售市場,增加(jia)種植戶收(shou)(shou)入(ru),得(de)榮(rong)縣2010年投入(ru)12萬(wan)元(樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒專(zhuan)項(xiang)資金)委(wei)托(tuo)省(sheng)食品研究(jiu)院研發了6個樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒深加(jia)工(gong)產(chan)品。該(gai)縣根(gen)據市場加(jia)需(xu)求積極尋求銷(xiao)售市場,與(yu)四川省(sheng)都江堰欣禾(he)實業有限責任公(gong)司達成樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒生(sheng)產(chan)協(xie)議,為康(kang)師傅集團公(gong)司提(ti)供料包原料。與(yu)此同時該(gai)縣還與(yu)四川省(sheng)甘孜州華康(kang)進出(chu)口(集團)公(gong)司簽訂了樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒加(jia)工(gong)意向性協(xie)議,加(jia)大(da)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)辣椒深加(jia)工(gong)力度,時下正是得(de)榮(rong)縣樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒出(chu)產(chan)期,全年預(yu)計(ji)產(chan)鮮椒600噸,可(ke)增加(jia)農民收(shou)(shou)入(ru)650余萬(wan)元。樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒農副產(chan)業的種植、銷(xiao)售規模化將為樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒種植戶帶(dai)來了可(ke)觀的經(jing)濟收(shou)(shou)入(ru)。