一.產品介紹
會東(dong)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)屬于(yu)(yu)建昌(chang)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)羊(yang),是(shi)在四川省會東(dong)縣行政區(qu)域內通過(guo)多年的本品種選育(yu),并引(yin)進(jin)金(jin)堂黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)血(xue)緣雜交培育(yu)而成的體高、體重、繁殖(zhi)率、產(chan)肉性(xing)能(neng)優于(yu)(yu)其它產(chan)區(qu)建昌(chang)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)的優秀類(lei)群,以被毛黑(hei)(hei)色,善于(yu)(yu)爬(pa)山(shan)采食,耐粗放飼(si)養,遺(yi)傳性(xing)能(neng)穩定(ding),板(ban)皮質量好,肉質細嫩(nen)、營(ying)養豐富、膻味輕、抗病力(li)和適應(ying)性(xing)強為特色。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人(ren)文歷史(shi)因素
1、地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)情況:會東黑山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊產區地(di)(di)(di)(di)屬于川(chuan)西南高中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)深切割剝蝕地(di)(di)(di)(di) ,地(di)(di)(di)(di)處川(chuan)滇地(di)(di)(di)(di)軸中(zhong)段,境內地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)復雜,以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)為主,呈現山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間有(you)(you)谷,谷中(zhong)有(you)(you)地(di)(di)(di)(di);山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)有(you)(you)壩(ba),壩(ba)內有(you)(you)丘;山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)有(you)(you)原,原上有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。最低海(hai)拔(ba)640米(mi),最高海(hai)拔(ba)3331米(mi),有(you)(you)一山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)分四季,十里(li)不同(tong)天的(de)(de)立體氣候環境。土(tu)(tu)壤為地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)性土(tu)(tu)壤和(he)非地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)性土(tu)(tu)壤分布的(de)(de)復區。1000米(mi)以下多為亞沙土(tu)(tu)與沙質(zhi)壤土(tu)(tu),1000——1500米(mi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)多為燥紅土(tu)(tu),1500——2300米(mi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)為紅黃土(tu)(tu),2300——3000米(mi)以上為黃棕壤。非地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)性土(tu)(tu)壤為紫色土(tu)(tu)和(he)石灰土(tu)(tu)。
2、水文情況:會東境內(nei)有大橋河、參(can)魚河與魯南山(shan)(shan)、大黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)、魯昆山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)平行相間,金沙江由(you)西向(xiang)東至新田轉(zhuan)北流至大崇(chong)莫家(jia)壩進(jin)入寧南縣境內(nei);地下水豐富,約有2.847億立(li)方,占境內(nei)水資源的15%。水質(zhi)清澈、純(chun)凈(jing),是理想的工農業生產(chan)生活用水。會東黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊產(chan)區內(nei)無“三廢”污(wu)染源。
3、氣候情況:會東緯度偏南,于(yu)北緯26°之中,屬(shu)于(yu)亞(ya)熱帶氣候,由于(yu)海拔懸殊,相(xiang)對(dui)高差大,形成立(li)體氣候。年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)16.2℃,≥00C積溫(wen)51170C,日(ri)照2300小時,年(nian)平(ping)均降雨量(liang)1058毫(hao)米,全年(nian)有霜日(ri)46天(tian),相(xiang)對(dui)濕度65﹪。適(shi)宜會東黑山羊的生長發育。
三.地域范圍
會東(dong)黑山羊(yang)是建昌黑山羊(yang)的優良類群,以(yi)體格(ge)大、肉質好著(zhu)稱。主產區(qu)包括(kuo)會東(dong)縣53個(ge)鄉鎮,318個(ge)行政村(cun),產區(qu)版圖面積3227平方公里,地理(li)坐標為(wei)北緯26°12ˊ14〞——26°55ˊ42〞,東(dong)經102°21ˊ32〞——103°3′15″。東(dong)南臨金(jin)沙江,西與會理(li)毗鄰,北同寧(ning)南縣接壤(rang)。全縣草場面積為(wei)257萬(wan)畝,人口40.14萬(wan)。2009年(nian)(nian)黑山羊(yang)年(nian)(nian)存欄84.49萬(wan)只,年(nian)(nian)出欄黑山羊(yang)60萬(wan)只以(yi)上。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
1、外(wai)(wai)貌特征:被毛(mao)黑色(se)(se),富(fu)有(you)光澤(ze),允許嘴唇上沿、耳根(gen)、尾根(gen)三(san)處有(you)白色(se)(se)斑點(dian)。短(duan)毛(mao)居(ju)多,皮膚白色(se)(se)。體(ti)格中等,體(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)結實。公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)態雄壯,母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)態清秀。頭呈三(san)角(jiao)形、額寬微突,鼻梁平直,公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)角(jiao)較粗大(da),母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)角(jiao)較小(xiao)(xiao),微向后(hou)、上、外(wai)(wai)方(fang)向扭轉。公(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)下頜(he)有(you)髯(ran),少數(shu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)頸下有(you)肉垂(chui)。背腰(yao)平直,耆甲部(bu)高于(yu)十字部(bu)。四肢粗壯,蹄質(zhi)(zhi)堅實呈黑色(se)(se)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)睪丸(wan)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)勻稱,母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)乳(ru)房(fang)發(fa)育良(liang)好。成年(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重41.51±4.87公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),周歲公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重30.82±3.24公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),成年(nian)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重39.37±3.74公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、周歲羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重27.44±3.95公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),羯羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重55.52±5.37公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。成年(nian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屠宰率(lv)51.15﹪、凈(jing)肉率(lv)37.91﹪。
2、繁殖性(xing)能:公羊(yang)(yang)7-8月齡、母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)4-5月齡性(xing)成(cheng)熟。初配年齡母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)6-8月齡、公羊(yang)(yang)10-12月齡。發情周期(qi)20d,發情持續期(qi)48.75h,妊娠期(qi)149d,產(chan)羔(gao)(gao)率156.04﹪,羔(gao)(gao)羊(yang)(yang)成(cheng)活率95﹪。公羔(gao)(gao)初生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)2.27±0.71kg,母(mu)羔(gao)(gao)初生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)2.12±0.65kg。
3、內在(zai)品(pin)(pin)質特征:會東黑(hei)山羊羊肉(rou)膻(shan)味輕,保水能力強,肉(rou)質細嫩(nen),味道鮮美(mei)。經檢測,氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)總量(liang)高(gao)于(yu)17%,其(qi)中人體必須氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)高(gao)于(yu)7%,占總量(liang)的42%以(yi)上。谷氨(an)酸(suan)、異亮氨(an)酸(suan)的含(han)量(liang)高(gao)于(yu)其(qi)他品(pin)(pin)種羊肉(rou)。
4、感官及風味特色(se):會(hui)東(dong)黑山(shan)羊(yang)肌肉(rou)呈紅色(se),有(you)光澤(ze),脂肪白色(se)或淡黃色(se),肌纖維致(zhi)密,有(you)韌性,富有(you)彈性,外表微干或有(you)風干膜,切面濕(shi)潤、不粘手,具有(you)羊(yang)肉(rou)固有(you)的(de)香味,無(wu)異味。煮沸(fei)后肉(rou)湯(tang)湯(tang)清透(tou)明,脂肪團聚于表面,無(wu)異味。 5、產(chan)品質量標準及安(an)全要求:會(hui)東(dong)黑山(shan)羊(yang)執行(xing)涼山(shan)州無(wu)公(gong)害肉(rou)羊(yang)生產(chan)技術規程DB5134/T27-2003。