一.產品介紹
房縣(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)米(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)植歷史悠久,盛行于唐代,曾被(bei)做(zuo)為“貢品”,有(you)(you)(you)文字記(ji)(ji)載(zai)的(de)歷史距今150年,在(zai)清代同(tong)治五年(1866年)出版的(de)《房縣(xian)志》中(zhong),對房縣(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)米(mi)生產有(you)(you)(you)這樣的(de)記(ji)(ji)載(zai):“谷(gu)有(you)(you)(you)粳、糯二種(zhong)(zhong)。早(zao)晚谷(gu)名十數(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),黃白赤青(qing)數(shu)色(se)(se)(se)……粳米(mi)有(you)(you)(you)蓋草黃、冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)……”;其(qi)生長區域在(zai)海拔800米(mi)~1200米(mi)之(zhi)間的(de)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)田(tian),山泉灌(guan)溉,成熟后的(de)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)稻殼紅(hong)(hong)(hong)褐色(se)(se)(se)、有(you)(you)(you)芒(mang),芒(mang)特長,米(mi)粒(li)細長,米(mi)色(se)(se)(se)粉紅(hong)(hong)(hong),有(you)(you)(you)獨(du)特的(de)米(mi)香。米(mi)飯色(se)(se)(se)澤棕紅(hong)(hong)(hong),栗香味濃,口感潤爽。 在(zai)房縣(xian)萬峪(yu)河鄉和沙河鄉還有(you)(you)(you)這樣一(yi)個風俗(su),每逢女(nv)兒出嫁必縫制一(yi)個大枕頭,里面裝上數(shu)斤冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)谷(gu)子作陪嫁,求的(de)不僅是多子多福,也有(you)(you)(you)助(zhu)女(nv)兒分娩時(shi)補氣養(yang)血,有(you)(you)(you)利于恢復體力和增加(jia)乳汁,故房縣(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)米(mi)又被(bei)稱(cheng)為“月米(mi)”。
二(er).自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷(li)史因素(su)
1、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:房縣土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)種(zhong)類較多,有黃棕壤(rang)(rang)、山(shan)地(di)(di)棕壤(rang)(rang)、石(shi)灰巖土(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)、紫色(se)土(tu)、水稻(dao)土(tu)等6個(ge)土(tu)類,15個(ge)亞(ya)類,44個(ge)土(tu)屬,146個(ge)土(tu)種(zhong),201個(ge)變種(zhong),總(zong)面(mian)積441862公頃;全縣土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中性偏堿,普遍缺氮、嚴重缺磷、大(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分缺鉀(jia)、有機質(zhi)含量偏低、部(bu)(bu)(bu)分土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)物(wu)理性能不(bu)良;房縣地(di)(di)貌由北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、中部(bu)(bu)(bu)、南部(bu)(bu)(bu)三(san)大(da)地(di)(di)勢(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)組成,地(di)(di)勢(shi)南北(bei)高,中部(bu)(bu)(bu)低,四周高山(shan)環(huan)繞,由兩側(ce)分向中部(bu)(bu)(bu)傾斜,略成盆地(di)(di)形勢(shi);境內山(shan)川秀美、溪(xi)谷交錯,溝壑縱橫(heng),植(zhi)被覆(fu)蓋率(lv)良好,森林(lin)覆(fu)蓋率(lv)77.5 %。房縣冷水紅(hong)米產區土(tu)層深厚,有機質(zhi)含量在1.6 %~5.5%,pH值為5.5~7.0,多為冷浸田,長期受冷水浸漬(zi),終年水溫泥溫較低而(er)穩(wen)定,適宜冷水紅(hong)水稻(dao)的生長。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:產(chan)區(qu)(qu)地域遼闊,河(he)(he)溝縱(zong)橫,有(you)堵河(he)(he)(發源(yuan)于神農架林區(qu)(qu)陰峪河(he)(he))、南河(he)(he)(發源(yuan)于神農架林區(qu)(qu)的(de)溫水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he))兩大(da)水(shui)(shui)系。雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛,年(nian)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為750~1160mm,徑流(liu)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)20.5億m3,年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)產(chan)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)46.6億m3,過 境(jing)容(rong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)16.4億m3,水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)豐富。產(chan)區(qu)(qu)是(shi)南水(shui)(shui)北調水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)區(qu)(qu),境(jing)內沒(mei)有(you)大(da)型工廠,無“三(san)廢”排放和空氣污染,土壤沒(mei)有(you)重金屬污染歷史。根據環境(jing)監測部門監測,產(chan)區(qu)(qu)地表水(shui)(shui)達到(dao)GB 3838—2002《中華人民共和國國家標(biao)準(zhun)地表水(shui)(shui)環境(jing)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)》的(de)Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)質標(biao)準(zhun);水(shui)(shui)質感觀良好(hao),無色、無臭、無味、透(tou)明,PH值5.5~7.5,砷≤0.05 mg/L、鎘≤0.005 mg/L、鉛(qian)≤0.05 mg/L,有(you)關指標(biao)符合我國和世(shi)界衛生(sheng)組織(zhi)制定的(de)飲用水(shui)(shui)質準(zhun)則(ze)。
3、氣候(hou)情況:產區(qu)屬北(bei)亞熱帶季風(feng)氣候(hou)區(qu),四(si)季分明,日均(jun)溫10~15°C,晝夜(ye)溫差明顯;年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)空氣相對濕度75%;年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時數(shu)1700~2000小時,無霜期170~240天(tian);區(qu)域(yu)內年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量的(de)差別不大(da),總(zong)的(de)特點是南部(bu)地(di)(di)勢(shi)高(gao)的(de)地(di)(di)方降(jiang)水多,北(bei)部(bu)地(di)(di)勢(shi)低的(de)地(di)(di)方降(jiang)水略少,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)雨量750~1160 mm,降(jiang)水集(ji)中在(zai)4~10月(yue)(yue)份,占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量的(de)85%,其季節分布是:3~5月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)236 mm,占(zhan)26%;6~8月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)406 mm,占(zhan)44%;9~11月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)227 mm,占(zhan)25%;12~2月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)45 mm,占(zhan)5%;雨日在(zai)100~140天(tian)之間,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)雨日117天(tian),雨日由北(bei)向南逐(zhu)漸(jian)增多;產區(qu)生態環境優良,大(da)氣清新(xin)無污染,符合GB3095–2012的(de)Ⅰ級標準。
4、人文(wen)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)情況:房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)米(mi)有文(wen)字記載(zai)(zai)的歷(li)史(shi)(shi)有148年,清(qing)代同(tong)治五(wu)年(1866年,距(ju)今148年)出版(ban)的《房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志》和民(min)國24年(1935年,距(ju)今79年)出版(ban)的《房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志》中,對(dui)房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)米(mi)生(sheng)產均有這樣的記載(zai)(zai):谷(gu)有粳、糯二種。早晚谷(gu)名十數(shu)種,黃白(bai)赤青數(shu)色……粳米(mi)有蓋(gai)草黃、冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)……。 房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)米(mi)適宜(yi)的栽培區域在海(hai)拔800米(mi)~1200米(mi)之間,種植地(di)塊多為(wei)高(gao)山(shan)梯田,海(hai)拔較(jiao)高(gao),生(sheng)態(tai)系統較(jiao)為(wei)封閉(bi),晝夜(ye)溫差(cha)大,有利(li)于(yu)(yu)營(ying)養物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的積(ji)累;種植地(di)域的森林覆蓋(gai)率普遍高(gao)于(yu)(yu)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)77.5%的平均值,土壤(rang)有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)≥2.5%,富含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻生(sheng)長所需的礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)和其它營(ying)養物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi);水(shui)(shui)(shui)田灌溉用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)多為(wei)山(shan)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)),形成冷(leng)浸田,終年水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫泥溫較(jiao)低而穩定,有利(li)于(yu)(yu)提高(gao)其部分(fen)營(ying)養物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的含(han)量(liang)(liang);房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)米(mi)有文(wen)字記載(zai)(zai)的歷(li)史(shi)(shi)有148年,長期精(jing)耕細(xi) 作,有利(li)于(yu)(yu)技術創新和品質(zhi)(zhi)的提高(gao)。以上特殊(shu)的地(di)理和人文(wen)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)等(deng)因(yin)素形成并保(bao)證了房縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅(hong)米(mi)特有的品質(zhi)(zhi)特征。
三.地域范圍
房縣冷水紅米產地范圍為湖北省房縣沙河鄉(xiang)(xiang)、萬(wan)峪河鄉(xiang)(xiang)、青峰鎮(zhen)、門(men)古(gu)寺(si)鎮(zhen)、土城鎮(zhen)、白鶴鎮(zhen)、野人谷鎮(zhen)、窯淮鎮(zhen)、上龕鄉(xiang)(xiang)、九(jiu)道(dao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)等10個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen),涉(she)及38個村。其地理位(wei)置位(wei)于東(dong)經110°02′~111°15′、北緯31°34′~32°31′,生(sheng)長(chang)于海拔800~1200米,生(sheng)產面積800公頃,總產量1116噸,總產值6240萬(wan)元。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外(wai)觀特性特征:房縣冷水紅(hong)米,稻谷深褐色,糙米橢圓形,棕紅(hong)色,有光澤,順紋。米粒均長6.3mm,寬3.4mm,糙米千粒重22.3g。米飯色澤棕紅(hong),栗香(xiang)味濃(nong),口感(gan)潤爽。
2、內在品質指標(biao)(biao):每100g冷(leng)水(shui)紅糙米(mi)含(han)粗蛋白(bai)≥8g、氨基酸≥6.5g、直(zhi)鏈淀粉含(han)量15~20 %。 3、產品質量安(an)全:房縣冷(leng)水(shui)紅米(mi)生產過程執行《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品水(shui)稻(dao)生產技術(shu)規程》(NY/T5117—2002)、《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品稻(dao)米(mi)加工技術(shu)規范(fan)》(NY/T5190—2002)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。