一.產品介紹
房縣(xian)冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅米(mi)(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)植歷(li)史(shi)(shi)悠久(jiu),盛(sheng)行于唐(tang)代,曾被(bei)做為(wei)(wei)“貢品”,有文(wen)字(zi)記載的(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)距今(jin)150年,在(zai)清代同治五年(1866年)出(chu)版的(de)《房縣(xian)志》中,對房縣(xian)冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅米(mi)(mi)生產有這樣(yang)的(de)記載:“谷(gu)有粳(jing)、糯二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)。早晚谷(gu)名十數(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),黃(huang)(huang)白赤青數(shu)(shu)色……粳(jing)米(mi)(mi)有蓋草黃(huang)(huang)、冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅……”;其生長(chang)區(qu)域在(zai)海拔(ba)800米(mi)(mi)~1200米(mi)(mi)之間的(de)冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)田(tian),山泉灌(guan)溉(gai),成熟后(hou)的(de)冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅稻(dao)殼紅褐(he)色、有芒(mang),芒(mang)特(te)長(chang),米(mi)(mi)粒細(xi)長(chang),米(mi)(mi)色粉紅,有獨特(te)的(de)米(mi)(mi)香(xiang)。米(mi)(mi)飯色澤棕紅,栗香(xiang)味濃,口感潤爽(shuang)。 在(zai)房縣(xian)萬峪河鄉(xiang)和沙(sha)河鄉(xiang)還(huan)有這樣(yang)一個風俗,每逢女兒(er)出(chu)嫁必縫制一個大枕頭,里面裝上數(shu)(shu)斤冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅谷(gu)子作陪嫁,求的(de)不僅(jin)是多(duo)子多(duo)福,也有助女兒(er)分(fen)娩(mian)時補氣養(yang)血,有利于恢復體力和增(zeng)加乳汁,故房縣(xian)冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)紅米(mi)(mi)又被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“月米(mi)(mi)”。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人(ren)文歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:房縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)種類較(jiao)多,有(you)黃棕壤(rang)、山地棕壤(rang)、石灰巖土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)、紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)、水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)等6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)類,15個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)亞類,44個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)屬,146個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)種,201個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)變種,總面積441862公(gong)頃;全縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)性偏堿,普遍缺(que)(que)氮(dan)、嚴重缺(que)(que)磷(lin)、大(da)部(bu)(bu)分缺(que)(que)鉀、有(you)機質含(han)量(liang)偏低(di)、部(bu)(bu)分土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)物理性能不良;房縣(xian)(xian)地貌由(you)北部(bu)(bu)、中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)、南部(bu)(bu)三大(da)地勢部(bu)(bu)組(zu)成,地勢南北高,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)低(di),四周高山環繞(rao),由(you)兩側分向中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)傾斜,略成盆(pen)地形勢;境內山川(chuan)秀美、溪谷(gu)交錯(cuo),溝壑(he)縱(zong)橫,植被覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)率良好,森(sen)林覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)率77.5 %。房縣(xian)(xian)冷水(shui)(shui)紅米產區土(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚,有(you)機質含(han)量(liang)在1.6 %~5.5%,pH值為5.5~7.0,多為冷浸(jin)田(tian),長期受冷水(shui)(shui)浸(jin)漬(zi),終(zhong)年(nian)水(shui)(shui)溫泥溫較(jiao)低(di)而穩定,適宜(yi)冷水(shui)(shui)紅水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)的生長。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:產區(qu)地域遼闊,河溝縱(zong)橫,有(you)堵(du)河(發源(yuan)(yuan)于神(shen)農(nong)架林區(qu)陰峪河)、南河(發源(yuan)(yuan)于神(shen)農(nong)架林區(qu)的溫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河)兩大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系。雨量(liang)充沛(pei),年均降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)為750~1160mm,徑(jing)流總量(liang)20.5億(yi)m3,年降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)46.6億(yi)m3,過 境容水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)16.4億(yi)m3,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富。產區(qu)是(shi)南水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北調水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)區(qu),境內沒有(you)大型工廠,無“三廢”排(pai)放和(he)空氣(qi)污(wu)染,土壤(rang)沒有(you)重金屬污(wu)染歷史。根據環境監(jian)測(ce)部(bu)門(men)監(jian)測(ce),產區(qu)地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)達到GB 3838—2002《中華(hua)人民共和(he)國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境質量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》的Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質標(biao)(biao)準(zhun);水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質感觀良(liang)好,無色(se)、無臭(chou)、無味、透明,PH值5.5~7.5,砷≤0.05 mg/L、鎘≤0.005 mg/L、鉛≤0.05 mg/L,有(you)關(guan)指標(biao)(biao)符合我國(guo)和(he)世界衛生組織制定(ding)的飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質準(zhun)則。
3、氣(qi)候情況:產區(qu)屬(shu)北亞熱帶季風氣(qi)候區(qu),四季分(fen)明,日(ri)均(jun)溫(wen)10~15°C,晝夜溫(wen)差(cha)明顯;年(nian)(nian)均(jun)空氣(qi)相(xiang)對濕(shi)度75%;年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時數1700~2000小時,無霜期170~240天;區(qu)域內年(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)的差(cha)別不大(da),總的特點是(shi)南部地勢(shi)高的地方降水多,北部地勢(shi)低的地方降水略少,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)雨量(liang)750~1160 mm,降水集中在(zai)4~10月份,占全年(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)的85%,其季節分(fen)布(bu)是(shi):3~5月平均(jun)為(wei)(wei)236 mm,占26%;6~8月平均(jun)為(wei)(wei)406 mm,占44%;9~11月平均(jun)為(wei)(wei)227 mm,占25%;12~2月平均(jun)為(wei)(wei)45 mm,占5%;雨日(ri)在(zai)100~140天之(zhi)間,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)雨日(ri)117天,雨日(ri)由北向南逐漸(jian)增(zeng)多;產區(qu)生態環境優良(liang),大(da)氣(qi)清(qing)新無污(wu)染(ran),符合GB3095–2012的Ⅰ級標(biao)準。
4、人文歷史情(qing)況:房(fang)縣(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)文字(zi)記(ji)載(zai)(zai)的歷史有(you)(you)(you)(you)148年(nian)(nian)(nian),清代同(tong)治五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1866年(nian)(nian)(nian),距(ju)今(jin)148年(nian)(nian)(nian))出(chu)版(ban)(ban)的《房(fang)縣(xian)志》和民(min)國(guo)24年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1935年(nian)(nian)(nian),距(ju)今(jin)79年(nian)(nian)(nian))出(chu)版(ban)(ban)的《房(fang)縣(xian)志》中,對房(fang)縣(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)米(mi)(mi)(mi)生產均有(you)(you)(you)(you)這樣的記(ji)載(zai)(zai):谷(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)粳、糯(nuo)二種(zhong)。早晚谷(gu)名十數種(zhong),黃白赤青數色……粳米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋草黃、冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)……。 房(fang)縣(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)米(mi)(mi)(mi)適(shi)宜的栽培區域在(zai)海拔800米(mi)(mi)(mi)~1200米(mi)(mi)(mi)之間,種(zhong)植(zhi)地塊多(duo)(duo)為高(gao)山(shan)梯田(tian),海拔較(jiao)高(gao),生態(tai)系統較(jiao)為封閉,晝夜溫差大(da),有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)于營養物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的積(ji)累(lei);種(zhong)植(zhi)地域的森(sen)林覆(fu)蓋率(lv)普遍高(gao)于全縣(xian)77.5%的平(ping)均值,土壤有(you)(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量≥2.5%,富含水(shui)(shui)稻生長(chang)所(suo)需的礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和其它營養物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);水(shui)(shui)田(tian)灌溉(gai)用水(shui)(shui)多(duo)(duo)為山(shan)泉水(shui)(shui)(冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)),形(xing)成冷(leng)(leng)浸田(tian),終年(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)溫泥溫較(jiao)低而穩(wen)定,有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)于提高(gao)其部分營養物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的含量;房(fang)縣(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)文字(zi)記(ji)載(zai)(zai)的歷史有(you)(you)(you)(you)148年(nian)(nian)(nian),長(chang)期(qi)精(jing)耕(geng)細 作,有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)于技(ji)術創(chuang)新和品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的提高(gao)。以上(shang)特(te)殊的地理和人文歷史等因素形(xing)成并保證了房(fang)縣(xian)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)米(mi)(mi)(mi)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)征。
三.地域范圍
房(fang)縣冷(leng)水紅米(mi)產(chan)地范圍為(wei)湖(hu)北省房(fang)縣沙河(he)鄉(xiang)、萬峪河(he)鄉(xiang)、青峰鎮、門古寺鎮、土城(cheng)鎮、白鶴鎮、野人(ren)谷鎮、窯淮鎮、上(shang)龕鄉(xiang)、九道鄉(xiang)等(deng)10個鄉(xiang)鎮,涉及38個村。其(qi)地理位置位于東經(jing)110°02′~111°15′、北緯(wei)31°34′~32°31′,生(sheng)長于海拔800~1200米(mi),生(sheng)產(chan)面積800公頃,總(zong)產(chan)量1116噸,總(zong)產(chan)值6240萬元。
四.產品品質特性特征(zheng)
1、外觀特性特征:房(fang)縣冷水紅米(mi)(mi),稻谷深褐色,糙(cao)(cao)米(mi)(mi)橢圓形,棕紅色,有光澤,順紋。米(mi)(mi)粒均長6.3mm,寬(kuan)3.4mm,糙(cao)(cao)米(mi)(mi)千粒重22.3g。米(mi)(mi)飯色澤棕紅,栗香味濃,口感潤(run)爽。
2、內(nei)在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)指標:每100g冷水(shui)(shui)紅糙米(mi)含粗蛋白(bai)≥8g、氨(an)基酸≥6.5g、直(zhi)鏈淀粉(fen)含量15~20 %。 3、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安全:房縣冷水(shui)(shui)紅米(mi)生產(chan)過程(cheng)執行《無公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)水(shui)(shui)稻生產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)程(cheng)》(NY/T5117—2002)、《無公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)稻米(mi)加工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(NY/T5190—2002)標準。