一.產品介紹
建(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)分布于(yu)建(jian)始(shi)(shi)縣境內的(de)(de)(de)茅田(tian)鄉(xiang)、龍坪(ping)鄉(xiang)、高(gao)(gao)坪(ping)鎮、花坪(ping)鎮、官店(dian)鎮等(deng)(deng)10個鄉(xiang)鎮,是我縣地道藥(yao)(yao)材之一,區域面(mian)(mian)積26.6572萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)。建(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)產量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao),樹皮(pi)(pi)較其它品(pin)種厚(hou)(hou)(hou)2-3mm,最厚(hou)(hou)(hou)可達(da)7mm,質堅硬,易折(zhe)斷(duan),斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)玻璃(li)狀(zhuang),含纖維少。氣(qi)芬(fen)香,味辛辣(la),樹齡25年(nian)以上的(de)(de)(de)樹皮(pi)(pi)達(da)5-7mm,筒圍(wei)在18-25cm。外表面(mian)(mian)深褐(he)色,粗糙,有油性,有的(de)(de)(de)可見多數(shu)紫(zi)紅(hong)色小亮星,有時(shi)呈(cheng)鱗片狀(zhuang),較易剝落,有明顯橢圓形(xing)皮(pi)(pi)孔和(he)(he)縱皺紋,刮去粗皮(pi)(pi)者顯黃棕(zong)色。內表面(mian)(mian)皮(pi)(pi)為棕(zong)褐(he)色或(huo)棕(zong)色,較平滑(hua),具細密縱紋,劃之顯油痕。建(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)樹皮(pi)(pi)、花、葉皆可入藥(yao)(yao),相對川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)和(he)(he)紫(zi)油厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)更廣,并主要用(yong)于(yu)保健及醫藥(yao)(yao)領域。建(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)樹皮(pi)(pi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou),油性含量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao),酚類(lei)含量(liang)(liang)大。相對川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)和(he)(he)紫(zi)油厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)纖維含量(liang)(liang)少,強(qiang)度弱,酚含量(liang)(liang)更高(gao)(gao),為著(zhu)名中藥(yao)(yao),有化(hua)濕導滯、化(hua)食(shi)(shi)消痰、驅風(feng)鎮痛之效。厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)葉大蔭濃,味芬(fen)香,長(chang)可達(da)25-30cm,寬可達(da)10-15cm,可作(zuo)為傳(chuan)統(tong)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)包(bao)(bao)裝用(yong),包(bao)(bao)裝食(shi)(shi)品(pin)不粘連(lian),并有防腐、保健的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。現被當地經營(ying)(ying)大戶通過(guo)初級(ji)加工(gong)后出口到韓國(guo)、日(ri)本,作(zuo)環保食(shi)(shi)品(pin)包(bao)(bao)裝原(yuan)料。建(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)屬于(yu)地道中藥(yao)(yao)材,且歷史悠久,分布廣泛,明正(zheng)德七年(nian)(1512)《夔州府志》建(jian)始(shi)(shi)卷已有記載(zai),并于(yu)2011年(nian)成功(gong)注冊“建(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)”商標。近(jin)十年(nian)來建(jian)始(shi)(shi)縣通過(guo)退(tui)耕還林(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)、天(tian)保工(gong)程(cheng)人工(gong)造林(lin)(lin)、退(tui)耕還林(lin)(lin)后續產業建(jian)設等(deng)(deng)林(lin)(lin)業重點工(gong)程(cheng),在建(jian)始(shi)(shi)縣營(ying)(ying)造了5萬(wan)畝建(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)基地。已經形(xing)成了與(yu)安徽的(de)(de)(de)亳州藥(yao)(yao)市(shi)、河北的(de)(de)(de)安國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)市(shi)、廣西的(de)(de)(de)玉(yu)林(lin)(lin)藥(yao)(yao)市(shi)、廣州的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)平藥(yao)(yao)市(shi)等(deng)(deng)銷售(shou)網絡(luo),年(nian)銷售(shou)建(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)1000噸,產值1600萬(wan)元,出口創匯320萬(wan)元。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和(he)人(ren)文(wen)歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況:建始縣境內(nei)硒(xi)(xi)資源出露面積(ji)近(jin)480平方公(gong)里,是國(guo)(guo)內(nei)連片面積(ji)最(zui)大、平均硒(xi)(xi)水平含(han)量(liang)最(zui)高(gao)的(de)富(fu)硒(xi)(xi)生(sheng)物圈(quan),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)平均硒(xi)(xi)水平含(han)量(liang)17.7ppm,有“富(fu)硒(xi)(xi)王國(guo)(guo)”之稱(cheng);產區(qu)年平均溫度(du)(du)16—20℃,年降雨量(liang)800—1800毫米,相對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)(du)70—90%;我縣高(gao)山(shan)(shan)、二高(gao)山(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)均為山(shan)(shan)地(di)黃壤(rang)(rang)、黃棕壤(rang)(rang),屬于(yu)相對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)(du)大、霧,陽光充足的(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di),并且(qie)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥沃、含(han)腐殖質多(duo)、濕(shi)潤、疏松、排(pai)水良好,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)屬于(yu)酸性、微酸性和中性,其生(sheng)態(tai)環境優(you)越,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、農(nong)用灌溉(gai)水和空氣質量(liang)好,無工業“三廢”污染,從而形成(cheng)了(le)建始厚樸獨特(te)的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)環境和品(pin)質。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:境內共有(you)大小河(he)流104條(tiao),總長(chang)(chang)(chang)853.65公(gong)里(li)。其中主要河(he)流有(you)清江景陽河(he)段、野三河(he)、馬水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)、太陽河(he)、東龍河(he)、閘木(mu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)、刀龍河(he)、伍家河(he)、豬耳(er)河(he)等10條(tiao),其中流域面積在100平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)以上的河(he)流有(you)5條(tiao)。全(quan)縣共建(jian)中型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)兩座(zuo),小型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)5座(zuo),小型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)8座(zuo),堰塘(tang)1334口,人畜飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)5183口,蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)9500立方(fang)米,修建(jian)渠道281條(tiao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)354.6公(gong)里(li),灌溉農(nong)田4萬畝(mu)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)源充(chong)足,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質好(hao),無(wu)工業(ye)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)污染,有(you)利于厚樸(pu)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)發育(yu)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)情況(kuang):建始縣境(jing)內屬亞熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)季風濕(shi)(shi)潤型山(shan)地(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),夏季多偏南(nan)風,冬季多偏北風,雨量(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),雨熱(re)同季,立體氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)特征十分(fen)顯(xian)著。低山(shan)區四(si)季分(fen)明,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)溫暖,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期260天(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫15.5℃;二高(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)溫涼,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期233天(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫13.1℃;高(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)冬長夏短(duan),春、秋無(wu)明顯(xian)區別(bie),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)冷涼濕(shi)(shi)潤,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期203天(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫11.7℃。縣境(jing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)分(fen)布(bu)隨海拔高(gao)(gao)度增高(gao)(gao)呈拋物線形,低山(shan)多,二高(gao)(gao)山(shan)少,高(gao)(gao)山(shan)又(you)多。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu),只占可(ke)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(日(ri)照(zhao)百分(fen)率)的30%左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),低山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)1400小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)每(mei)天(tian)3.8小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);二高(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)1300小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)每(mei)天(tian)3.6小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);高(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)1500小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)每(mei)天(tian)4.1小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。縣境(jing)內年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)1400至(zhi)(zhi)2000毫(hao)米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),隨地(di)(di)域、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間變(bian)化而異。以地(di)(di)域分(fen):縣境(jing)北部年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1400至(zhi)(zhi)2000毫(hao)米(mi),各月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水日(ri)均(jun)(jun)在15天(tian)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you);縣境(jing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度隨海拔高(gao)(gao)度和季節變(bian)化各異,相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度基本上隨著海拔高(gao)(gao)度的升高(gao)(gao)而增加(jia),低山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度為(wei)(wei)80%,二高(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度為(wei)(wei)82%,高(gao)(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度為(wei)(wei)85%。
三.地域范圍
建(jian)始縣隸屬湖北(bei)省恩施土家族、苗(miao)族自治(zhi)州,位于鄂(e)西(xi)南山區(qu)北(bei)部,跨(kua)北(bei)緯30°06′至30°54′,東(dong)經(jing)109°32′至110°12′,東(dong)連巴東(dong)縣,以野三(san)河為界(jie);西(xi)接恩施市,以太陽河為界(jie);南鄰鶴峰縣,以長河、茶(cha)寮河為界(jie);北(bei)與(yu)(yu)重慶(qing)市巫山縣毗(pi)連;西(xi)北(bei)與(yu)(yu)重慶(qing)市奉(feng)節、巫山兩縣接壤,建(jian)始厚樸(pu)主要(yao)分布(bu)于建(jian)始縣境內的茅(mao)田鄉、龍坪鄉、高坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、花坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、官(guan)店鎮(zhen)(zhen)等10個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen),是我縣地道藥材之一,區(qu)域面(mian)積26.6572萬(wan)公頃。建(jian)始厚樸(pu)種(zhong)植面(mian)積達5萬(wan)畝(mu),基地面(mian)積近1萬(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)產(chan)量近3000噸(dun)。