一.產品介紹
沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)森林覆蓋率(lv)53.4%,林木(mu)綠化(hua)(hua)率(lv)57.3%,境內立體(ti)體(ti)氣候(hou)明顯,生態植被良(liang)好,原始(shi)風貌濃郁,自然生態獨特(te),特(te)別是蘊藏著(zhu)極為(wei)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)粉源(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),美譽為(wei)“養(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者的(de)(de)樂園”。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)共有(you)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)粉源(yuan)(yuan)植物(wu)40余(yu)科、100余(yu)種(zhong),面(mian)積133830公(gong)頃(qing),其(qi)中(zhong)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)積達(da)26666.7公(gong)頃(qing),以(yi)其(qi)面(mian)積大(da)、分布(bu)廣、蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)量大(da)、產(chan)(chan)量穩、質(zhi)量高(gao)而聞名全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)優質(zhi)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)之一和中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)四大(da)名蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)--刺(ci)槐(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)地(di)之一。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)養(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)歷(li)史(shi)悠久,據康(kang)熙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志記(ji)載,2500年(nian)(nian)前沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)先民就開(kai)始(shi)散(san)養(yang)(yang)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”(中(zhong)華蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)),“養(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)三(san)五窩,不愁吃(chi)喝(he)穿(chuan)”的(de)(de)地(di)方諺(yan)語在(zai)我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)流傳了(le)(le)數百年(nian)(nian)。清康(kang)熙年(nian)(nian)間,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養(yang)(yang)已具一定規(gui)模(mo),“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)也成(cheng)為(wei)當地(di)一種(zhong)重要(yao)“雜產(chan)(chan)”,到上世紀(ji)30年(nian)(nian)代(dai),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養(yang)(yang)已達(da)8000余(yu)窩,成(cheng)為(wei)當地(di)農(nong)(nong)民支補家(jia)費開(kai)支一種(zhong)重要(yao)的(de)(de)經濟來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)。建國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)后,黨和政府為(wei)了(le)(le)加快(kuai)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan),于上世紀(ji)50年(nian)(nian)代(dai)專門派(pai)人(ren)到中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)科院學(xue)習養(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)技術,并(bing)引進西方蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)從此走(zou)上現(xian)(xian)代(dai)科學(xue)養(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)道(dao)路(lu),特(te)別是進入(ru)新(xin)世紀(ji)以(yi)來(lai)(lai),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)迎來(lai)(lai)第二個春天,優質(zhi)化(hua)(hua)、規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)、標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua),成(cheng)為(wei)發展(zhan)(zhan)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)始(shi)向高(gao)端化(hua)(hua)、安全化(hua)(hua)、循環化(hua)(hua)變軌(gui)發展(zhan)(zhan)。2011年(nian)(nian),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)被列(lie)入(ru)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系示范縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),2012年(nian)(nian),山西農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)學(xue)在(zai)我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)建立了(le)(le)《特(te)色(se)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)研(yan)究基(ji)地(di)》,2015年(nian)(nian)3月18日(ri),經中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)學(xue)會(hui)七屆三(san)次常務理事會(hui)討論通過(guo),與沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)政府共建“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之鄉”,并(bing)在(zai)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)“全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)示范蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場(chang)”。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)更以(yi)無污染(ran)、無公(gong)害走(zou)俏(qiao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內外市場(chang),在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)上久負盛名,遠銷(xiao)(xiao)德、日(ri)、英、法等國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),是沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)傳統出口商品(pin)(pin)(pin)。為(wei)了(le)(le)進一步提升沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量和質(zhi)量,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)成(cheng)立了(le)(le)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會(hui),建立蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)良(liang)種(zhong)繁育場(chang),發展(zhan)(zhan)了(le)(le)5個中(zhong)小型(xing)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)加工企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),38個養(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作社,注冊(ce)了(le)(le)“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)河(he)浪花”、“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)花”、“歷(li)山”、“金(jin)田園”、“憨老(lao)農(nong)(nong)”5個蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)商標(biao),其(qi)中(zhong)“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)花”牌(pai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)獲國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)有(you)機食品(pin)(pin)(pin)認證,“憨老(lao)農(nong)(nong)”蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)獲國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)認證,“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)河(he)浪花”、“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)花”2個蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)商標(biao)獲山西省(sheng)著(zhu)名商標(biao)。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)現(xian)(xian)存(cun)欄蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)5.4萬(wan)(wan)余(yu)箱,年(nian)(nian)可(ke)生產(chan)(chan)優質(zhi)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)1000余(yu)噸,外地(di)客商可(ke)通過(guo)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會(hui)、蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)購(gou)銷(xiao)(xiao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、養(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作社及我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)電子商務平臺集中(zhong)購(gou)銷(xiao)(xiao),年(nian)(nian)銷(xiao)(xiao)售收(shou)入(ru)達(da)到3000萬(wan)(wan)元,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)已成(cheng)為(wei)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)最(zui)具特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)優勢農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和最(zui)具發展(zhan)(zhan)強力(li)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)村致富(fu)優勢產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況(kuang):沁水縣(xian)地勢東(dong)南(nan)低(di)而(er)(er)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)高(gao),由東(dong)南(nan)--東(dong)北(bei)--西(xi)(xi)南(nan)呈扇形展開逐步增高(gao)。境內(nei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)戀(lian)重疊、溝壑縱橫,高(gao)差(cha)懸殊,最西(xi)(xi)南(nan)高(gao)處歷山(shan)(shan)(shan)舜王坪(ping)海拔達2358米(mi),而(er)(er)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)最低(di)處嘉(jia)峰鎮(zhen)尉(wei)遲村沁河出口海拔僅520米(mi),相(xiang)對高(gao)差(cha)1838米(mi)。全縣(xian)地貌可分為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)、低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵區(qu)(qu)、河谷平(ping)川區(qu)(qu)三種類(lei)型,其中(zhong)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)占縣(xian)域(yu)總面(mian)積(ji)的40%,多為(wei)(wei)(wei)林地或林間草(cao)地。植被條件好,自(zi)然土(tu)壤(rang)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)林溶褐(he)土(tu)和山(shan)(shan)(shan)地褐(he)土(tu)。低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵區(qu)(qu)占縣(xian)域(yu)總面(mian)積(ji)的50%,土(tu)壤(rang)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地褐(he)土(tu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)全縣(xian)主要(yao)糧油產(chan)地和牧坡(po)草(cao)場。河谷平(ping)川區(qu)(qu)占縣(xian)域(yu)總面(mian)積(ji)的10%,土(tu)壤(rang)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)沖積(ji)土(tu),土(tu)地肥沃(wo),灌溉條件好,是本縣(xian)糧油作物高(gao)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)系屬黃河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域,沁(qin)(qin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。主要有沁(qin)(qin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、縣(xian)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、端氏河(he)(he)(he)(he)、龍渠(qu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、土沃河(he)(he)(he)(he)、鄭村(cun)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、蘇莊河(he)(he)(he)(he)、必底河(he)(he)(he)(he)、張村(cun)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、中村(cun)河(he)(he)(he)(he)等十大(da)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),其中沁(qin)(qin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)全縣(xian)境(jing)內最大(da)的(de)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),是(shi)(shi)山西省第(di)二(er)大(da)河(he)(he)(he)(he),年流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量6.22億立(li)方米(mi),平均(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量16.5立(li)方米(mi)/秒,是(shi)(shi)山西省八大(da)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)中含(han)沙量最少(shao)的(de)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。全縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源量9.8億立(li)方米(mi),人均(jun)擁有水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源量山西第(di)一。水(shui)(shui)量充沛,無工業(ye)污染,水(shui)(shui)質清澈、純(chun)凈,是(shi)(shi)理想的(de)農業(ye)用水(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源保持良好。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:沁水(shui)(shui)屬溫(wen)(wen)暖帶季風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)區,境(jing)內(nei)地(di)形(xing)復(fu)雜(za),形(xing)成(cheng)各(ge)地(di)小氣(qi)候(hou)差異(yi)。主要特(te)點是:冬天風(feng)(feng)多(duo)雨少,夏季高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)多(duo)雨,西部涼爽,東(dong)部溫(wen)(wen)和,年氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)平均在10.3℃左右,1月零(ling)下4.8℃,7月23℃,年平均日(ri)照(zhao)時數2629.9小時,年積溫(wen)(wen)≥14℃,有效(xiao)積溫(wen)(wen)3412.6℃。年均降水(shui)(shui)量643.7毫米,霜(shuang)凍(dong)期為(wei)(wei)10月上旬至次(ci)年4月,年均無霜(shuang)期193天,年均濕度65%,風(feng)(feng)速2.6m/s;水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源總量為(wei)(wei)9.8億立方(fang)米,人均擁有水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源是全省人均水(shui)(shui)平的(de)3.7倍。境(jing)內(nei)雨水(shui)(shui)適(shi)度,日(ri)照(zhao)充足,適(shi)宜各(ge)種動植(zhi)物(wu)特(te)別是蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)源植(zhi)物(wu)生長(chang)、繁衍(yan)和泌蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)。多(duo)山(shan)地(di)地(di)形(xing),從山(shan)谷到山(shan)頂,構成(cheng)了同(tong)一蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)源植(zhi)物(wu)不同(tong)花(hua)期早、中、 晚之分(fen)的(de)立體蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)源,蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)純度高(gao)。沁水(shui)(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)保護(hu)范圍內(nei)沒(mei)有地(di)面大型工(gong)礦(kuang)污染(ran)企業(ye),為(wei)(wei)沁水(shui)(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)生產(chan)提供(gong)了優質空(kong)氣(qi),使沁水(shui)(shui)刺(ci)槐(huai)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)具(ju)備了氣(qi)味清香,口感甜潤的(de)特(te)質。
4、人文(wen)歷史(shi)情況:沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)森林覆蓋率53.4%,林木綠化(hua)率57.3%,是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)千(qian)年古縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)物多樣性(xing)保護重點區(qu)域、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)綠色名(ming)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、國(guo)(guo)家級生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)示(shi)范區(qu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)低碳旅游縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)無公害(hai)農產品(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志推廣與(yu)(yu)監管(guan)示(shi)范縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)綠色環(huan)保百(bai)強縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。境內(nei)立(li)體(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)氣候明顯,生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)植被(bei)良好,原始(shi)風貌濃郁,自(zi)然生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)獨特,特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)蘊藏著(zhu)極為(wei)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)粉源(yuan)資源(yuan),美譽為(wei)“養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)園”。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)共有(you)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)粉源(yuan)植物40余科(ke)、100余種(zhong),面積(ji)200余萬(wan)畝(mu),以刺(ci)槐、刺(ci)槐、狼牙刺(ci)三大蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)為(wei)主。特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)刺(ci)槐蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)資源(yuan)以其面積(ji)大、分布廣、蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)量(liang)大、產量(liang)穩、質(zhi)量(liang)高而聞名(ming)全(quan)國(guo)(guo),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)四(si)大名(ming)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)--刺(ci)槐蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)主產地(di)之(zhi)一。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)現(xian)存(cun)欄蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)群54903箱,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)欄中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)10298箱,有(you)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)戶(hu)1200余戶(hu)。是(shi)(shi)山(shan)西(xi)省第一養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)大縣(xian)(xian)(xian),2015年3月(yue)18日,經中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)學(xue)會七屆(jie)三次常務(wu)理事會討(tao)論通過(guo),與(yu)(yu)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府共建(jian)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)”。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)歷史(shi)悠久(jiu),據康熙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志記載,2500年前沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)先民就開始(shi)散養(yang)(yang)(yang)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”(中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)),“養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)三五窩(wo),不愁吃喝穿(chuan)”的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方諺語在我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)流傳(chuan)了(le)數百(bai)年。清(qing)康熙年間,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)已具一定(ding)規模,“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)也成(cheng)為(wei)當地(di)一種(zhong)重要“雜產”,到上(shang)世紀(ji)(ji)30年代(dai)(dai),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)已達8000余窩(wo),成(cheng)為(wei)當地(di)農民支補家費開支一種(zhong)重要的(de)(de)(de)經濟來源(yuan)。建(jian)國(guo)(guo)以后,黨和政府為(wei)了(le)加快(kuai)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)發展(zhan),于上(shang)世紀(ji)(ji)50年代(dai)(dai)專(zhuan)門派人到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農科(ke)院學(xue)習養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)技術(shu),并引(yin)進西(xi)方蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)從(cong)此(ci)走上(shang)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)科(ke)學(xue)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)道路,特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)進入新世紀(ji)(ji)以來,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)發展(zhan)迎來第二個春天,優質(zhi)化(hua)、規模化(hua)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua),成(cheng)為(wei)發展(zhan)主體(ti)(ti),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)開始(shi)向高端化(hua)、安全(quan)化(hua)、循(xun)環(huan)化(hua)變軌發展(zhan)。2011年,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)被(bei)列(lie)入“國(guo)(guo)家現(xian)代(dai)(dai)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產業(ye)體(ti)(ti)系示(shi)范縣(xian)(xian)(xian),2012年,山(shan)西(xi)農業(ye)大學(xue)在我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)建(jian)立(li)了(le)《特色產業(ye)研(yan)究基(ji)地(di)》,2015年3月(yue)18日,經中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)學(xue)會七屆(jie)三次常務(wu)理事會討(tao)論通過(guo),與(yu)(yu)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府共建(jian)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)”,并在沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)“全(quan)國(guo)(guo)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產示(shi)范蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場(chang)”。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產品(pin)(pin)更以無污染、無公害(hai)走俏國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外(wai)市場(chang),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)花(hua)”牌蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)獲國(guo)(guo)家“國(guo)(guo)家有(you)機食品(pin)(pin)認證”,“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)花(hua)”“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)河(he)浪花(hua)”、蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)商標(biao)(biao)(biao)獲“山(shan)西(xi)省著(zhu)名(ming)商標(biao)(biao)(biao)”。
三.地域范圍
根據《農產品地理(li)(li)標(biao)志登記管理(li)(li)辦法》的規定(ding)以及沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)刺槐蜂(feng)蜜特定(ding)的自然(ran)生態環境條件,經(jing)沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫(yi)局研究決定(ding),并廣泛征求(qiu)有(you)關方面的意見,劃定(ding)沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)刺槐蜂(feng)蜜地理(li)(li)標(biao)志地域保(bao)護范圍為(wei):山西省晉城市沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)全縣(xian)14個鄉鎮,251個行政村(社區),地理(li)(li)坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei)北緯35°24′—36°04′,東經(jing) 111°55′--112°47′之間。保(bao)護面積267660公頃,年生產總(zong)量1000噸(dun)。
四(si).產品品質特性(xing)特征
1、產品(pin)各項理化指標(biao)及質量指標(biao)等必(bi)須符(fu)合中華人民共和國《GB4963-2011蜂蜜》各項規定(ding)。
2、安全(quan)要求(qiu):沁水(shui)刺槐(huai)蜜(mi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)外觀特征、理(li)(li)化指標(biao)、微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)指標(biao)、藥物(wu)及(ji)重(zhong)金屬殘留指標(biao)必須(xu)符合GB14963-3-2011蜂(feng)蜜(mi)標(biao)準規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)、飲用(yong)水(shui)符合《NY5027-2001無公害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)畜禽(qin)飲用(yong)水(shui)水(shui)質》標(biao)準規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管理(li)(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)要求(qiu)、蜂(feng)藥使用(yong)、蜂(feng)蜜(mi)加工(gong)儲藏運輸等管理(li)(li)應符合《GBT21528-2008蜜(mi)蜂(feng)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管理(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范》、《NY5138-2002無公害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)蜜(mi)蜂(feng)飼(si)養獸藥使用(yong)準則》、《NYT1241-2006蜂(feng)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)加工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)管理(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范》、《NYT639-2002蜂(feng)蜜(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范》、《NYT5139-2002無公害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)蜜(mi)蜂(feng)飼(si)養管理(li)(li)準則》及(ji)農業部(bu)有關規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)。
五(wu).特定生產(chan)方式
1、產地(di)(di)(di)(di)選擇及特定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu):生(sheng)產場址應(ying)位于(yu)本規(gui)定(ding)(ding)第1條(tiao)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)”規(gui)定(ding)(ding)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內,海拔520m至1200m, 土壤類型為林溶褐土和山地(di)(di)(di)(di)褐土,刺槐同花(hua)期的(de)(de)(de)其它蜜(mi)源(yuan)植物不(bu)超過15%,選擇地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)高燥(zao)、背風向陽、排水(shui)良好、環境幽靜、小氣候適宜(yi)、交通便利(li)、水(shui)電(dian)供應(ying)穩定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)場所(suo),場地(di)(di)(di)(di)附近3 千米范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內無(wu)蜂蜜(mi)加工(gong)廠、以蜜(mi)糖(tang)為生(sheng)產原料的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)品廠、化工(gong)廠、農(nong)藥(yao)廠及經常(chang)噴灑農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)菜地(di)(di)(di)(di)、果(guo)園(yuan),嚴防農(nong)藥(yao)、工(gong)業(ye)三廢或其他有害物質污染蜜(mi)粉源(yuan),周圍(wei)(wei)空氣質量符(fu)合GB3095中空氣質量功(gong)能區(qu)二類區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),水(shui)質應(ying)符(fu)合NY 5027-2008無(wu)公害食(shi)(shi)品 畜(chu)禽(qin)飲用水(shui)水(shui)質規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)選擇及特定要(yao)求(qiu):蜜(mi)源植(zhi)物(wu)品(pin)種(zhong)為:刺槐花(又名洋槐花)蜜(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)品(pin)種(zhong)為意大(da)利蜂(feng)(feng)、喀爾巴阡蜂(feng)(feng)、東北黑蜂(feng)(feng)、喀尼(ni)阿蘭蜂(feng)(feng)等西方(fang)蜜(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)品(pin)種(zhong)及其雜交蜂(feng)(feng)種(zhong)。采(cai)蜜(mi)時間:刺槐蜂(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)采(cai)集時間為每(mei)年(nian)5月8日(ri)至5月23日(ri)。
3、生產技術過程管理:
①人員要求:蜂產(chan)品生產(chan)人員必須身體(ti)健康,符合國家食(shi)品生產(chan)人員健康求,傳染(ran)病患者(zhe)不得從事蜂產(chan)品生產(chan)。
②蜂(feng)群(qun)要(yao)求:選用符(fu)合生(sheng)(sheng)產需要(yao)的優良高產蜂(feng)種和(he)健康蜂(feng)群(qun),大流蜜(mi)期(qi)前必須(xu)調整(zheng)蜂(feng)群(qun),組織(zhi)強群(qun)采蜜(mi),采蜜(mi)期(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)產群(qun)群(qun)勢必須(xu)達到14框以上(shang)。患病(bing)蜂(feng)群(qun)不得用于生(sheng)(sheng)產。
③藥(yao)(yao)物使用(yong):使用(yong)國家允許的無污染的高效低毒蜂(feng)藥(yao)(yao)防治蜜蜂(feng)病(bing)蟲害,嚴格(ge)遵循休藥(yao)(yao)期(qi)的管(guan)理(li)和嚴格(ge)執行休藥(yao)(yao)期(qi),生(sheng)產期(qi)間(jian)不得使用(yong)任何違禁藥(yao)(yao)物。
④取蜜操作:
a.生產(chan)商品(pin)蜜(mi)前,必須(xu)將(jiang)底蜜(mi)(飼(si)料(liao)蜜(mi))清理干凈。
b.取(qu)蜜(mi)(mi)一(yi)般應(ying)在上午進行(xing),低溫(wen)季節,取(qu)蜜(mi)(mi)時間(jian)應(ying)安排在中午溫(wen)較高的(de)時間(jian)進行(xing)。
c.取蜜(mi)時,只(zhi)允許(xu)用吹(chui)風、煙(yan)霧或手工驅趕蜜(mi)蜂(feng)的方法,嚴禁用化(hua)學(xue)藥品(pin)驅蜂(feng)。
d.生產(chan)(chan)成熟蜂,每次取蜜的間隔時(shi)間至少5-7天(tian)或自然(ran)(ran)封(feng)蓋90%以(yi)上,確保生產(chan)(chan)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)成熟蜜。
e.在取天(tian)然成熟蜂(feng)蜜(mi)時(shi),應用雙層白紗(sha)布將天(tian)然成熟蜂(feng)蜜(mi)一次過濾干凈后(hou),再裝(zhuang)入容器。
f.取蜜工具(ju)、儲(chu)蜜容(rong)器無毒(du)無副作用,工具(ju)、容(rong)器要消毒(du)清洗(xi)后再使(shi)用。
g.不(bu)得(de)將(jiang)未成(cheng)熟蜜(mi)在陽光下(xia)曝曬、風干,以提高(gao)濃度;不(bu)得(de)將(jiang)人工加(jia)溫濃縮蜜(mi)加(jia)入(ru)未成(cheng)熟蜜(mi)中(zhong),以提高(gao)濃度,冒充天然(ran)成(cheng)熟蜂蜜(mi)。
h.單一花種蜂蜜(mi)要分別(bie)存放,使用符合(he)食(shi)品衛生要求的裝蜜(mi)容。
i.要做(zuo)好蜂蜜生產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)記錄,生產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)記錄應至少保存2年(nian)以上。
4、產品收獲及產后處理:
①解(jie)晶(jing)(jing)(jing):溶(rong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)水溫溫度控制(zhi)在(zai)40-50度,蜂蜜溫度始終控制(zhi)在(zai)38-43℃,溶(rong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)時間不超(chao)過4小時。
②過濾(lv)(lv):初濾(lv)(lv)用(yong)60-80目(mu)濾(lv)(lv)網(wang)進行粗濾(lv)(lv),二(er)次(ci)過濾(lv)(lv)用(yong)90-120目(mu)濾(lv)(lv)網(wang)中(zhong)濾(lv)(lv),三次(ci)過濾(lv)(lv)用(yong)200目(mu)濾(lv)(lv)網(wang)進行精濾(lv)(lv)。
③濃(nong)縮:標注為天然(ran)成熟蜜(mi)的蜂(feng)蜜(mi)不(bu)得使用機(ji)械濃(nong)縮脫水(shui)工藝,蜂(feng)蜜(mi)自然(ran)水(shui)分含量≤20%。其他普通蜂(feng)蜜(mi)采用機(ji)械真(zhen)空方法(fa)濃(nong)縮,真(zhen)空度保持0.09MPa,濃(nong)縮后蜂(feng)蜜(mi)水(shui)分含量≤20%。
5、生產記錄要求:
①記(ji)錄放蜂地點(dian),蜜源(yuan)種類、流蜜、環境(jing)和氣(qi)候情(qing)況;
②記錄養蜂(feng)生(sheng)產(chan)操作情況(kuang),如:搖(yao)蜜(mi)、蜂(feng)具(ju)更換等(deng);
③記(ji)錄(lu)蜂群健康情況(kuang),如蜂群發生病害時(shi),應記(ji)錄(lu)蜂病名(ming)稱(cheng)或現(xian)象(xiang)描述、發病時(shi)間、使用藥物名(ming)稱(cheng)和劑量、用藥方式和時(shi)間等;
④記錄(lu)蜂(feng)(feng)具(ju)消毒情(qing)況,如消毒藥物名稱和劑量(liang)、消毒方(fang)式和時間; ⑤記錄(lu)蜂(feng)(feng)產品(pin)銷售(shou)情(qing)況:如銷售(shou)時間、品(pin)種、數量(liang)、對象