一.產品介紹
在(zai)(zai)(zai)我們(men)冀村(cun)(cun)仁(ren)(ren)巖(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai),腦(nao)(nao)袋(dai)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)隨便讓人(ren)摸和(he)(he)拍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),即使是(shi)(shi)無意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也(ye)要(yao)引起當(dang)(dang)(dang)事(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)警示:“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao),頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)碰就(jiu)惱!”據說,這(zhe)與(yu)(yu)那(nei)(nei)(nei)明末清(qing)(qing)初(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)人(ren)傅(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)關(guan)哩! 仁(ren)(ren)巖(yan)人(ren)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi),字古(gu)遺,丁丑年(nian)(1637)進士(shi),曾(ceng)任尉氏縣(xian)知(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian),歷(li)官(guan)靈(ling)壽、雄縣(xian),擢(zhuo)兵科給事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),曾(ceng)因制(zhi)軍事(shi)兵形條例(li)八(ba)(ba)事(shi)而聞(wen)(wen)名(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)朝(chao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)時(shi),他(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)避權貴,曾(ceng)彈劾周廷(ting)儒十(shi)(shi)大(da)罪狀,論(lun)情似有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)義(yi)之嫌,但(dan)以(yi)公(gong)論(lun),則顯得(de)他(ta)(ta)(ta)大(da)公(gong)無私(si)。想當(dang)(dang)(dang)年(nian),提督袁繼咸(xian)被(bei)誣下(xia)(xia)獄,傅(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)薛宗周赴京(jing)伸(shen)冤,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)冤案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)反(fan)立下(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)汗馬功(gong)勞。。 就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)明崇禎年(nian)間,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)子(zi)來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)輕人(ren),他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)原三立書院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)個(ge)英俊瀟(xiao)灑(sa)風流倜(ti)儻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),由于他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性豁達開朗,所(suo)以(yi)時(shi)常聚在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起談(tan)古(gu)論(lun)今,并立志報效國家(jia)(jia)(jia)。 那(nei)(nei)(nei)時(shi)候,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)富(fu)裕,要(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)那(nei)(nei)(nei)十(shi)(shi)畝薄地(di)墊底,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艱難(nan)可(ke)想而知(zhi)(zhi),全(quan)仰仗那(nei)(nei)(nei)幾(ji)分土特產(chan)長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),總(zong)算可(ke)以(yi)維持下(xia)(xia)去。 長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)仁(ren)(ren)巖(yan)村(cun)(cun)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土特產(chan),特點是(shi)(shi)面長,甜(tian)而有(you)(you)絲,營養滋補(bu)功(gong)能(neng)極佳,這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)人(ren)們(men)都(dou)有(you)(you)“食(shi)(shi)補(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冬春(chun)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣(guan)。 曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父親曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)廷(ting)強,為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)樂善好(hao)施,道(dao)(dao)惟(wei)古(gu)處(chu),俠以(yi)義(yi)聞(wen)(wen),曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)親耿氏柔貞作則,巽順(shun)宜家(jia)(jia)(jia)。每當(dang)(dang)(dang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)省城的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)學(xue)來(lai)(lai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)里(li),他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)總(zong)要(yao)把平(ping)時(shi)舍不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)拿出來(lai)(lai),給年(nian)輕人(ren)們(men)炒(chao)兩(liang)道(dao)(dao)好(hao)菜。這(zhe)也(ye)難(nan)怪,汾陽人(ren)好(hao)客(ke)是(shi)(shi)出了(le)(le)(le)(le)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),在(zai)(zai)(zai)吃(chi)上(shang)也(ye)很(hen)講(jiang)(jiang)究,不(bu)(bu)(bu)管是(shi)(shi)豪富(fu)還是(shi)(shi)貧寒之家(jia)(jia)(jia),來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)客(ke)人(ren)總(zong)要(yao)想法調樣(yang)搞幾(ji)盤象樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菜哩! 同(tong)學(xue)當(dang)(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)個(ge)叫傅(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren),太(tai)(tai)(tai)原陽曲人(ren),有(you)(you)著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)武藝,而且(qie)還詩書畫并舉(ju),與(yu)(yu)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系特別(bie)好(hao),他(ta)(ta)(ta)發現(xian),只要(yao)他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)到(dao)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家(jia)(jia)(jia),他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)總(zong)能(neng)吃(chi)到(dao)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)菜――羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)煨(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),因為(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)喜歡吃(chi),所(suo)以(yi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)人(ren)見(jian)他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le),總(zong)是(shi)(shi)拿這(zhe)道(dao)(dao)菜來(lai)(lai)款待(dai)他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)。 “羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)煨(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”,“煨(wei)(wei)(wei)”字上(shang)見(jian)功(gong)夫,羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)紅(hong)潤細嫩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)羯羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)潔白如玉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),通過慢火之“煨(wei)(wei)(wei)”,將羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)華煨(wei)(wei)(wei)成了(le)(le)(le)(le)肥而不(bu)(bu)(bu)膩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湯(tang)汁,再加(jia)上(shang)幾(ji)段蔥綠青翠(cui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)芫荽,更讓人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)由得(de)垂(chui)涎欲(yu)滴胃口大(da)開。 傅(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)還發現(xian),村(cun)(cun)里(li)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)那(nei)(nei)(nei)些老(lao)(lao)人(ren),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)個(ge)紅(hong)光滿面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)很(hen)精(jing)神,問及平(ping)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食(shi)(shi)習慣(guan),無外乎時(shi)常蒸食(shi)(shi)那(nei)(nei)(nei)些賣不(bu)(bu)(bu)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)疙節(jie)節(jie)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)對醫(yi)學(xue)本就(jiu)很(hen)感興趣,回家(jia)(jia)(jia)后查閱資(zi)料(liao),才知(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)這(zhe)長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)公(gong)可(ke)以(yi)治諸(zhu)虛百損,療五(wu)勞七傷,還具有(you)(you)補(bu)心氣(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)、強精(jing)骨、益腎氣(qi)、健脾胃、化痰涎、潤皮毛等美容功(gong)效哩!崇禎十(shi)(shi)六年(nian),李自成攻陷太(tai)(tai)(tai)原,長驅直(zhi)(zhi)入(ru)居(ju)庸關(guan),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)后攻占北(bei)京(jing),崇禎皇帝吊死煤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),同(tong)年(nian),清(qing)(qing)軍入(ru)關(guan),李自成敗(bai)走陜西。但(dan)是(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)戰亂平(ping)息,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任何(he)消息,家(jia)(jia)(jia)里(li)人(ren)都(dou)很(hen)清(qing)(qing)楚,依他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脾性,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定是(shi)(shi)舍生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)取義(yi)寧死不(bu)(bu)(bu)屈(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)久后得(de)到(dao)實信,果然他(ta)(ta)(ta)已經(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國捐軀了(le)(le)(le)(le),于是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)村(cun)(cun)北(bei)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)氏祖墳內為(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)設衣冠冢一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座,以(yi)示紀念。那(nei)(nei)(nei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian),家(jia)(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)老(lao)(lao)母(mu)(mu)親病重,傅(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)結合母(mu)(mu)親的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病情,在(zai)(zai)(zai)仁(ren)(ren)巖(yan)“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)煨(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),加(jia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)蓮菜等材料(liao),制(zhi)成有(you)(you)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“八(ba)(ba)珍湯(tang)”,也(ye)叫“十(shi)(shi)全(quan)大(da)補(bu)湯(tang)”。清(qing)(qing)兵入(ru)關(guan)后,傅(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)多次組織(zhi)反(fan)清(qing)(qing)復明活動(dong),但(dan)總(zong)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)失(shi)敗(bai)而告終,心灰意冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傅(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)將“八(ba)(ba)珍湯(tang)”改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”,在(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)原橋頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)街,傅(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)賣“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪子(zi)寫下(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)“清(qing)(qing)和(he)(he)元”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)招牌,以(yi)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”原料(liao)之雜碎寓(yu)諷大(da)清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)與(yu)(yu)元朝(chao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)異族(zu)侵入(ru),以(yi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)與(yu)(yu)“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”這(zhe)同(tong)音,以(yi)體現(xian)傅(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)屈(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民族(zu)氣(qi)節(jie)。清(qing)(qing)順(shun)治八(ba)(ba)年(nian),傅(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)同(tong)三晉著(zhu)名(ming)詩人(ren)胡(hu)庭(ting)來(lai)(lai)到(dao)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家(jia)(jia)(jia),他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)看望了(le)(le)(le)(le)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父母(mu)(mu),有(you)(you)感于曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)英勇不(bu)(bu)(bu)屈(qu)慷慨而戰為(wei)(wei)(wei)國捐軀,他(ta)(ta)(ta)奮筆(bi)疾書寫下(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)“古(gu)遺先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)屬:第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)流人(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匾(bian)額,以(yi)贊(zan)揚(yang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)良(liang)(liang)(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民族(zu)氣(qi)節(jie),此匾(bian)額一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)懸掛(gua)在(zai)(zai)(zai)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尚堂門廊下(xia)(xia),日本人(ren)占據仁(ren)(ren)巖(yan)時(shi)被(bei)毀。太(tai)(tai)(tai)原“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”,曾(ceng)做為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢品呈獻大(da)清(qing)(qing)王朝(chao),尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)那(nei)(nei)(nei)注重美容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西太(tai)(tai)(tai)后,對太(tai)(tai)(tai)原“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)(nao)”更是(shi)(shi)情有(you)(you)獨鐘。據愛好(hao)美食(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)北(bei)京(jing)們(men)講(jiang)(jiang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)清(qing)(qing)宮膳食(shi)(shi)譜中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)地(di)還特別(bie)注明為(wei)(wei)(wei)“汾陽仁(ren)(ren)巖(yan)長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”,這(zhe)使得(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)時(shi)與(yu)(yu)白面同(tong)價的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仁(ren)(ren)巖(yan)長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)間名(ming)揚(yang)京(jing)城。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
冀(ji)村(cun)鎮境(jing)(jing)內(nei)地(di)(di)勢平坦(tan)(tan),土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥(fei)沃(wo),氣候適中,水源充足(zu)(zu)具有優(you)越獨特的(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)環境(jing)(jing)。該地(di)(di)地(di)(di)處黃土(tu)(tu)高原地(di)(di)帶(dai),土(tu)(tu)層深厚、土(tu)(tu)松(song)地(di)(di)肥(fei)、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)酸堿度接近中性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)。全(quan)境(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)勢平坦(tan)(tan),海拔739米(mi)左右。年(nian)(nian)平均氣溫9.7℃,無霜(shuang)期(qi)178天(tian),年(nian)(nian)平均降水467.2毫米(mi),境(jing)(jing)內(nei)年(nian)(nian)平均相對濕度為(wei)61%。日照比較(jiao)充足(zu)(zu),光(guang)照條件較(jiao)好(hao),太陽年(nian)(nian)輻射量(liang)為(wei)132.4千卡/平方(fang)厘米(mi)左右,年(nian)(nian)日照平均時(shi)數在2607~2974小時(shi)之間。土(tu)(tu)層深厚,土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)不粘不沙(sha),保水保肥(fei),有機(ji)質(zhi)豐富,境(jing)(jing)內(nei)干(gan)濕季交(jiao)替(ti)明顯,有利(li)于有機(ji)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)分解和礦物質(zhi)風化,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)表層70%以上(shang)為(wei)砂質(zhi)到壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi),土(tu)(tu)層深厚,土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)較(jiao)為(wei)均勻,通(tong)透性(xing)好(hao),有機(ji)質(zhi)平均含量(liang)為(wei)2.9%。這(zhe)里土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥(fei)沃(wo),交(jiao)通(tong)順暢,地(di)(di)下水位較(jiao)深,且蘊(yun)藏量(liang)大,渠(qu)道縱橫,灌溉便利(li),獨特的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)(jing)和優(you)越的(de)(de)(de)氣候條件有利(li)于冀(ji)村(cun)長(chang)山藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)生長(chang),為(wei)冀(ji)村(cun)長(chang)山藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)良品質(zhi)提供了強大的(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢。
三.地域范圍
根據冀(ji)(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)長山藥的(de)(de)產地(di)特(te)點和(he)品質要求,冀(ji)(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)長山藥地(di)理(li)(li)標志地(di)域保(bao)護(hu)范圍確定在(zai):汾陽市境內的(de)(de)冀(ji)(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)、杏(xing)(xing)花村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)等2個(ge)鎮(zhen)23個(ge)行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),即:冀(ji)(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)冀(ji)(ji)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、仁(ren)巖(yan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、艾(ai)子村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、唐興村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、城(cheng)子村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、古賢莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南(nan)浦村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)河頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)馬(ma)寨村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)陳(chen)家(jia)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)遙莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大會頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、菩提(ti)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)宋家(jia)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、西九(jiu)枝社(she)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)九(jiu)枝社(she)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、李家(jia)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)社(she)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、富(fu)家(jia)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)和(he)杏(xing)(xing)花村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)杜村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、辛莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、永(yong)安村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、官(guan)道村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。總面積5002.02公(gong)頃,產量120048噸(dun)。地(di)理(li)(li)坐標:北緯37°15'2"~37°22'10",東(dong)經(jing)111°53'50"~112°0'2"。全境地(di)勢(shi)平坦,平均海拔739米。自然(ran)地(di)形為(wei)開闊平坦的(de)(de)沖積平原,是太原盆地(di)的(de)(de)一(yi)部(bu)分。
四.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性特征
1.外在感官(guan)特征:冀(ji)村(cun)長山藥(yao)條塊順直,塊莖肉質肥厚,直徑5厘米左右,圓柱形,表皮(pi)光(guang)潔(jie)(jie)色淡(dan),有紫紅斑,根毛細而稀(xi)少,皮(pi)薄、薯肉色澤潔(jie)(jie)白,肉質細膩無纖維,易(yi)熟,熟后性綿(mian),質地(di)綿(mian)而不柴,香氣濃郁。掰開(kai)后有白色黏液,黏度高、粉性足(zu)、色白、肉身如(ru)玉,啖(dan)食無渣。
2.內在(zai)質(zhi)量(liang)指標:冀村長(chang)山藥營養(yang)價值高,可食率(lv)(以(yi)質(zhi)量(liang)計(ji))>95.0%。山藥塊莖中蛋白質(zhi)含量(liang)約2.0~3.5g/100g,淀粉(fen)含量(liang)9.8~16.5g/100g,總膳食纖(xian)維(以(yi)干基計(ji))4.0~5.6g/100g,鈣8.2~10.3mg/100g,鉀388~527mg/100g,鐵0.10~0.36mg/100g,粗纖(xian)維0.37~0.59g/100g,粗多糖(tang)(以(yi)葡萄糖(tang)計(ji))0.41~0.66g/100g,維生素C 7.3~9.1mg/100g,維生素B1 0.037~0.063mg/100g,可溶(rong)性固形(xing)物5.7~8.3%。
3.安全(quan)要求:嚴格按(an)照“冀村(cun)長山(shan)藥(yao)栽培技術(shu)規程”進行生產和(he)管理。“冀村(cun)長山(shan)藥(yao)”合(he)理使用(yong)(yong)(yong)肥料、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)等農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)投入品,嚴禁(jin)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)國家(jia)明(ming)令(ling)禁(jin)止使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的高劇毒(du)、高殘留農(nong)(nong)藥(yao),嚴格執(zhi)行農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)安全(quan)間隔期(qi)。在收購前(qian)15天,對生產基地(di)隨機抽取樣品進行農(nong)(nong)殘和(he)重金(jin)屬檢驗,符(fu)合(he)NY5112-2005產業(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)以及無公害食品NY5013-2006林果(guo)類產品產地(di)環境條件(jian),以及GB4285農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)安全(quan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則,GB/T8321農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)合(he)理使用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則等相關標準(zhun)和(he)要求。
五(wu).特定生產方式
1.產地選擇與特(te)(te)殊內(nei)容規定產地要求(qiu):汾陽市冀村鎮,土(tu)壤為酸堿度(du)接近(jin)中性的(de)壤質土(tu)地,土(tu)種(zhong)類型為褐土(tu),土(tu)層深厚,通透(tou)性好(hao)。土(tu)質結構組成合(he)理、質地好(hao),特(te)(te)別適合(he)于冀村長山藥種(zhong)植(zhi)生(sheng)產。環境(jing)質量:冀村長山藥基地遠離城(cheng)區(qu)、工業污(wu)染源和生(sheng)活垃圾(ji)場(chang)等。要選擇空氣清新、水質純凈,具有良(liang)好(hao)生(sheng)態環境(jing)的(de)地區(qu)。
2.品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與提(ti)純復壯(zhuang) 冀村(cun)長(chang)山藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為歷(li)史上遺留(liu)(liu)下(xia)來的地方(fang)(fang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)——汾山藥(yao)(yao)。由于山藥(yao)(yao)是無(wu)性繁(fan)(fan)殖,連續多(duo)年栽(zai)培必(bi)然(ran)造(zao)成品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)退化,產量下(xia)降(jiang)。在有關技術人員(yuan)的指導下(xia),通過種(zhong)(zhong)薯選(xuan)(xuan)優與山藥(yao)(yao)豆(dou)(零(ling)余子(zi))繁(fan)(fan)殖相結合的方(fang)(fang)法進行提(ti)純復壯(zhuang),每(mei)年收獲時或出(chu)售前截秧子(zi)時按照整薯質量選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)秧子(zi),選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)的標準(zhun)是秧辮子(zi)粗短,頂芽(ya)飽滿,塊莖光潔個大,無(wu)分枝分杈,無(wu)病(bing)蟲危(wei)害(hai),而將不(bu)標準(zhun)秧子(zi)淘汰。同(tong)時每(mei)年用山藥(yao)(yao)豆(dou)繁(fan)(fan)殖一些新秧子(zi),以補充(chong)不(bu)足部分。
3. 生產控制
(1)整(zheng)地(di)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)整(zheng)地(di):土(tu)壤(rang)封凍(dong)前耕地(di),按(an)120cm帶(dai)劃線挖(wa)溝(gou)(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)(gou)寬(kuan)(kuan)50cm,深(shen)60~100cm,溝(gou)(gou)(gou)間(jian)距70cm。將挖(wa)出(chu)的(de)土(tu)放在溝(gou)(gou)(gou)兩邊,經過(guo)冬季(ji)凍(dong)融日(ri)曬分(fen)(fen)化(hua)后,于(yu)第2 年春天土(tu)壤(rang)解凍(dong)后,在溝(gou)(gou)(gou)內回(hui)(hui)填土(tu),回(hui)(hui)填時(shi)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)層踩實。然后進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)做畦(qi),畦(qi)寬(kuan)(kuan)120cm,使溝(gou)(gou)(gou)居畦(qi)中。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)使用(yong)要(yao)(yao)符合(he)DB14/87中肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)使用(yong)準則,滿足無公害山藥對(dui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求,結(jie)合(he)回(hui)(hui)填土(tu),一般每公頃(qing)施(shi)優質有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)45000kg,硫酸(suan)鉀型(xing)氮磷鉀(氮、磷、鉀含量分(fen)(fen)別(bie)是15%)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)600~750kg。
(2)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯處理選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):選用經過休眠的(de)健壯、無(wu)病山(shan)藥(yao)栽子(zi),或直徑3-4cm左右,長10cm的(de)山(shan)藥(yao)段。曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)進行曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),栽子(zi)曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2~3天,山(shan)藥(yao)段曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)4~5天。藥(yao)劑(ji)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)為防止種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯帶病,要用0.1%~0.3%的(de)鐵滅克(TMK)溶液浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)7~10h防治山(shan)藥(yao)線蟲病,用50%的(de)多菌(jun)靈可(ke)濕性(xing)粉劑(ji)500倍液浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1h防治枯(ku)萎病。
(3)播種(zhong)播種(zhong)期:10cm地(di)溫穩定在(zai)9~10℃時,開始播種(zhong)。汾陽冀村地(di)區一(yi)般在(zai)4 月(yue)中旬(xun)。播種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa):在(zai)畦內挖溝(gou)的地(di)方(fang)(fang)開小(xiao)溝(gou),溝(gou)深(shen)8~10cm,每畦種(zhong)2行,溝(gou)內2 行相距35cm,開溝(gou)后將(jiang)栽(zai)(zai)子(種(zhong)薯)以芽(ya)(ya)為準,按株距25~30cm,將(jiang)芽(ya)(ya)朝一(yi)個(ge)方(fang)(fang)向平放溝(gou)中,覆土8cm后輕輕踩(cai)壓,使栽(zai)(zai)子與土壤緊密結合。播種(zhong)量(liang):每公頃用種(zhong)薯57000~64500個(ge)。
(4)田(tian)間管理(li)(li)疏(shu)苗(miao):出苗(miao)后,進行(xing)疏(shu)苗(miao)。畝(mu)留苗(miao)6000株左(zuo)右(you)。適時(shi)支架:山藥蔓長30~50cm 時(shi),用竹(zhu)竿(gan)或(huo)(huo)高粱稈每株插1根,搭成人字架或(huo)(huo)四(si)腳(jiao)架,架高約2m,并(bing)及時(shi)扶蔓上架。中耕松(song)土:在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)節(jie)要進行(xing)3~5次(ci)中耕松(song)土并(bing)除(chu)草。合理(li)(li)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui):播前(qian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)足底墑水(shui)(shui)(shui),促(cu)快發芽。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長前(qian)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),待(dai)莖(jing)蔓進入旺(wang)盛(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期(qi)(qi)(出苗(miao)后40~50天(tian))澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)發棵(ke)水(shui)(shui)(shui),現(xian)蕾(lei)前(qian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)促(cu)莖(jing)葉、塊(kuai)莖(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。現(xian)蕾(lei)后30天(tian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)第3次(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui),促(cu)塊(kuai)莖(jing)增長。追肥(fei)(fei):發棵(ke)期(qi)(qi)進行(xing)1~2次(ci)追肥(fei)(fei),每公頃施45%硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀型氮磷鉀復合肥(fei)(fei)450~600kg,并(bing)結合澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進行(xing)。最后1次(ci)追肥(fei)(fei)應在收獲前(qian)30~40天(tian)進行(xing)。
(5)主要病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)按照“預防(fang)為(wei)主,綜合防(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)植(zhi)保(bao)方(fang)針(zhen),堅持以“農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)治(zhi)、物理防(fang)治(zhi)、生物防(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)主,化(hua)學(xue)防(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)輔”的(de)(de)無(wu)害化(hua)控制(zhi)原則(ze),科學(xue)防(fang)治(zhi),保(bao)證生產(chan)出安(an)全優質的(de)(de)長(chang)山藥產(chan)品。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)治(zhi):實(shi)行1年以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)輪作;陰雨天要注意(yi)排(pai)澇;(增加通(tong)透性,避免株(zhu)間郁蔽(bi)高濕;采(cai)收(shou)后(hou)將留在(zai)地上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)病(bing)殘體集中(zhong)燒毀并深翻,減少越冬菌蟲(chong)(chong)源(yuan)。化(hua)學(xue)防(fang)治(zhi):以生物制(zhi)劑(ji)為(wei)主,使(shi)用時嚴格按照GB 4285農(nong)(nong)藥安(an)全使(shi)用標準和GB/T8321規定執行。腐(fu)爛病(bing)用72%農(nong)(nong)用鏈(lian)霉素可濕性粉劑(ji)3000倍液或77%氫氧化(hua)銅(tong)500倍液灌根。金針(zhen)蟲(chong)(chong)、蠐螬等(deng)地下(xia)害蟲(chong)(chong)播種時,在(zai)播種溝內(nei)每公頃(qing)撒(sa)施3%辛硫(liu)磷(lin)顆粒劑(ji)22.5kg。
(6)采(cai)收和(he)貯藏(zang)(zang)采(cai)收:霜降后地上莖(jing)葉(xie)干枯,應拔(ba)除地上藤蔓和(he)架材進行采(cai)收。采(cai)收的外觀要求(qiu)為:塊莖(jing)表面沒(mei)有污染(ran)或其(qi)他外來(lai)物(wu),無(wu)腐爛和(he)病(bing)蟲、機械傷,按一定長度(du)分(fen)級包裝(zhuang),整齊度(du)要達到90%以(yi)上。貯藏(zang)(zang):采(cai)用(yong)堆藏(zang)(zang)或窖藏(zang)(zang)等方式進行貯藏(zang)(zang),貯藏(zang)(zang)溫度(du)4~5 ℃。生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄要求(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管理人員負責對(dui)冀村長山(shan)藥生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)各(ge)環(huan)節、病(bing)蟲防(fang)治和(he)收購入庫過(guo)程的記(ji)錄,以(yi)保證產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程質量控(kong)制。