產地
東(dong)蘭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)處(chu)桂西北(bei),云貴高原南(nan)緣,紅水(shui)河中(zhong)游;東(dong)傍(bang)金(jin)(jin)城江(jiang)區,西界(jie)鳳山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),南(nan)傍(bang)大化、巴馬(ma)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),北(bei)鄰南(nan)丹(dan)、天峨縣(xian)(xian)(xian),離(li)自(zi)治(zhi)區首府南(nan)寧市308公(gong)(gong)里(li),距河池市金(jin)(jin)城江(jiang)鎮130公(gong)(gong)里(li)。323國道線過境。轄(xia)5個鎮和18個鄉,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)民(min)政府駐東(dong)蘭鎮,行政區域(yu)總面積(ji)2415平方公(gong)(gong)里(li)。耕(geng)地(di)總面積(ji)1.2萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),糧食播種面積(ji)2.12萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),經濟作物種植面積(ji)2445公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。有林面積(ji)14.35萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。總人(ren)口(kou)27.4萬(wan),其中(zhong)壯族(zu)占85%。其中(zhong)農村人(ren)口(kou)25.6萬(wan)。有壯、瑤、苗、侗等少數民(min)族(zu)25.24萬(wan)人(ren)。人(ren)口(kou)自(zi)然增長率2.07‰。
其板(ban)(ban)栗(li)浸染紅水河谷氣候,顆大、油亮,肉(rou)質(zhi)粉糯綿甜,馳(chi)名(ming)大江南北(bei),膾炙(zhi)都市人(ren)口。水陸兩便的隘洞鎮是東蘭(lan)縣(xian)主要的板(ban)(ban)栗(li)集散地,每年(nian)(nian)(nian)舊歷八(ba)月中(zhong)秋節前后,便有廣西(xi)區內外栗(li)商云集該鎮采購。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian),國(guo)家林業(ye)局(ju)命名(ming)東蘭(lan)縣(xian)為“中(zhong)國(guo)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)之鄉”。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)面積達(da)21萬畝(mu),其中(zhong)掛(gua)果(guo)3.4萬畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)1000多萬公斤。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)面積達(da)18.5萬畝(mu),其中(zhong)掛(gua)果(guo)7萬畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)3500噸。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)面積達(da)21.5萬畝(mu),其中(zhong)掛(gua)果(guo)8萬畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)4000噸。銷往全(quan)國(guo)各省、市、自治區。
特色
東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)板(ban)栗壽(shou)命長、產(chan)(chan)量(liang)高,產(chan)(chan)果期長達(da)(da)50年以(yi)上(shang)(shang),甚至(zhi)達(da)(da)100年,被(bei)人們稱為一年種(zhong)百年收的(de)(de)“搖(yao)錢樹”,全縣有(you)(you)1000多(duo)株百年以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)“壽(shou)星”板(ban)栗樹,至(zhi)今(jin)仍果滿枝(zhi)頭。1991年以(yi)來(lai),經過科技人員的(de)(de)努力,東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)縣又引進(jin)全國有(you)(you)名(ming)的(de)(de)“九(jiu)家(jia)種(zhong)”板(ban)栗與本地板(ban)栗嫁接(jie),培育了具有(you)(you)矮化、早熟、高產(chan)(chan)、果粒(li)大、結果快等(deng)優勢的(de)(de)雜交板(ban)栗。目前,東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)板(ban)栗由1999年的(de)(de)8萬(wan)多(duo)畝(mu)發展到(dao)現在的(de)(de)24.5萬(wan)畝(mu),年產(chan)(chan)板(ban)栗600萬(wan)公(gong)斤,盛(sheng)產(chan)(chan)期板(ban)栗產(chan)(chan)量(liang)可(ke)達(da)(da)6000噸以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)縣2001年8月(yue)被(bei)國家(jia)林業(ye)局(ju)授予“中國板(ban)栗之鄉”稱號;2005年,東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)板(ban)栗被(bei)評為廣西(xi)名(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。每(mei)到(dao)板(ban)栗上(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)季節(jie),來(lai)自(zi)新疆、湖南、河(he)南、安徽等(deng)20多(duo)個省、市(shi)(shi)、自(zi)治區(qu)的(de)(de)收購商紛(fen)至(zhi)沓來(lai)。
自然生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情(qing)況(kuang):東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)板(ban)栗(li)種植區域主要為(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)坡地區,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)屬紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)地帶(dai),成土(tu)(tu)(tu)母巖有淺灰色砂(sha)巖,粉(fen)砂(sha)巖夾頁巖,鈣質(zhi)(zhi)頁巖,砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)泥巖,泥巖,灰色、黃(huang)棕(zong)色頁巖、含(han)隧石(shi)灰巖、白(bai)云質(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)灰巖,石(shi)灰夾硅質(zhi)(zhi)頁巖以(yi)及第四紀紅(hong)(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)(zhi)等,發育(yu)成紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang),紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)分布海拔500米(mi)以(yi)下,山地紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)500~670米(mi),黃(huang)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)670~800米(mi)地帶(dai)。坡地紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang),多為(wei)(wei)粘質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)深厚、較疏松、肥沃(wo),PH值4.5-7.8,有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)≥30mg/kg,東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)縣境礦藏少(shao),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有害微量(liang)元(yuan)素含(han)量(liang)低,無工(gong)業污染,比較適合(he)于東(dong)(dong)蘭(lan)板(ban)栗(li)生長。
2、水(shui)文情況:東(dong)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)水(shui)資源豐(feng)富(fu),且均為(wei)源頭類水(shui)源,水(shui)質(zhi)好。縣(xian)境大小河(he)流(liu)(liu)251條,呈(cheng)樹枝狀(zhuang)分布。發源于東(dong)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)境內的(de)主(zhu)要河(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)巴英河(he)、板龍河(he)、坡拉河(he)、九曲河(he)、板老河(he)、坡豪河(he)、三(san)甲河(he),總(zong)長(chang)為(wei)162.4公里,年總(zong)徑流(liu)(liu)量9.6億立(li)方(fang)米。以上河(he)流(liu)(liu)均匯入紅水(shui)河(he),紅水(shui)河(he)是珠江流(liu)(liu)域西江水(shui)系(xi)的(de)干(gan)流(liu)(liu),發源于云南(nan)省沾益縣(xian)馬(ma)雄山,在東(dong)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)境內河(he)段全長(chang)115公里,是東(dong)蘭(lan)(lan)境內最大的(de)河(he)流(liu)(liu)。縣(xian)內有(you)157處地下泉水(shui)點,現有(you)儲水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程312處,山塘水(shui)庫(ku)215座(zuo),有(you)效(xiao)庫(ku)容2.97億立(li)方(fang)米,可灌溉面積1.04萬公頃(qing);引水(shui)工(gong)(gong)程131處,可灌溉面積1.16萬公頃(qing)。無工(gong)(gong)業(ye)污(wu)染(ran),是理想的(de)農(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)和生活水(shui)源。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況:東蘭縣屬于南亞熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區.具有夏長(chang)冬短、熱(re)量(liang)豐富、雨量(liang)充沛、水熱(re)同(tong)期等(deng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)點。全縣年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫21.1℃,元(yuan)月(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫11.1℃,7月(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫27.0℃,日照充足,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照時數為1382.9小時,年(nian)太(tai)陽總輻射(she)量(liang)達(da)83.8千卡/平(ping)方厘米。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨量(liang)1616.8毫米,降(jiang)雨主(zhu)要集中在5—8月(yue),秋季降(jiang)雨較少(shao)。10月(yue)份晝(zhou)夜溫差大,十分適宜東蘭板栗生長(chang)。