產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性特征
(1)外(wai)在(zai)感官特征:占圩紅(hong)薯(shu)頂葉(xie)色(se)綠、莖色(se)綠,葉(xie)形(xing)缺刻。單株結薯(shu)4-6個,單塊(kuai)重200-400克,薯(shu)塊(kuai)呈紡綞形(xing),薯(shu)皮紅(hong)色(se),薯(shu)肉淡桔紅(hong)。生(sheng)食(shi)脆(cui)甜,有清(qing)香味,熟食(shi)軟甜,粗纖維(wei)少。
(2)內在(zai)品(pin)質指標:含淀粉11.5%—13.1%;還(huan)原糖2.36%—3.14%;維生(sheng)素C15.7mg/100g—17.3 mg/100g;鉀232 mg/100g —283mg/100g ;粗纖維0.59%-0.71%。
(3)質(zhi)量安全(quan)要求:占圩(wei)紅(hong)薯產(chan)地(di)環境符合NY/T5010-2016《無公害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)品 種植(zhi)業產(chan)地(di)環境條件》要求。
地域范圍
東鄉(xiang)縣占圩(wei)(wei)鎮位于江西(xi)省的西(xi)部,東臨本縣圩(wei)(wei)上橋鎮,西(xi)接臨川區(qu),北(bei)靠進賢縣。南接馬(ma)圩(wei)(wei)鎮,占圩(wei)(wei)紅薯保護范圍(wei)為東鄉(xiang)縣占圩(wei)(wei)鎮,保護范圍(wei)位于東經116°45′08〞—116°51′00〞,北(bei)緯28°08′21〞—28°14′35〞。保護規模為700公頃,年產量18900噸。
自然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素(su)
占圩地處贛東丘陵與(yu)鄱(po)陽(yang)湖平原過渡地帶(dai),屬亞熱(re)(re)帶(dai)濕(shi)潤季風(feng)氣候,氣候溫(wen)和(he),雨量豐沛、光照充足、熱(re)(re)量豐富、四(si)季分明;年平均(jun)氣溫(wen)17.6度,平均(jun)日照時間1831.9小時,年無霜期(qi)為271天(tian);土壤多為紅壤,形(xing)成了(le) “占圩紅薯”種植的獨(du)特自然生態環境(jing)。
特定生產方式
(1)產地要(yao)求:占(zhan)圩紅薯要(yao)選擇陽光充足(zu)、耕作(zuo)層深(shen)度40-50厘米以上、通氣(qi)爽水、富(fu)含(han)磷(lin)、鉀成分的(de)紅壤土質種植。
(2)品種選擇(ze):當(dang)地占圩紅薯(shu)品種。
(3)生產管(guan)(guan)理(li): ①選(xuan)種(zhong):選(xuan)擇(ze)中等大(da)(da)小(150克(ke)—220克(ke)),皮色鮮(xian)明無病斑的(de)(de)(de)占圩(wei)紅(hong)薯(shu)薯(shu)塊做(zuo)種(zhong)薯(shu)。②育苗(miao)(miao)(miao):占圩(wei)紅(hong)薯(shu)主要選(xuan)用(yong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)床育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。即(ji)選(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)位低(di)、排水(shui)方便、避風(feng)向陽(yang)、3—5年未(wei)種(zhong)過(guo)紅(hong)薯(shu)的(de)(de)(de)疏松土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)做(zuo)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床。將新(xin)鮮(xian)畜糞、作物秸稈等釀熱物分層(ceng)墊放,厚度50cm左(zuo)右。在(zai)3月(yue)上旬將選(xuan)好的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)薯(shu)按照塊頭部(bu)朝(chao)上,底部(bu)朝(chao)下(xia)(xia)(xia),大(da)(da)薯(shu)排深(shen)小薯(shu)排淺的(de)(de)(de)方式排種(zhong),排種(zhong)密度13cm×16cm。排種(zhong)后(hou)(hou)覆土(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)不(bu)(bu)宜過(guo)厚,用(yong)地(di)膜(mo)低(di)拱(gong)覆蓋(gai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。③苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床管(guan)(guan)理(li):堅持前期高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)催芽,中期適(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)長苗(miao)(miao)(miao),后(hou)(hou)期低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度控(kong)制原則,主要通過(guo)低(di)拱(gong)膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)蓋(gai)、揭管(guan)(guan)理(li)來(lai)調溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。床溫(wen)(wen)(wen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持在(zai)30℃—35℃,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度超過(guo)30℃要及時(shi)揭膜(mo)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen),在(zai)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于20℃時(shi),揭膜(mo)煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床不(bu)(bu)宜過(guo)干或過(guo)濕,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持床土(tu)(tu)(tu)濕潤。④大(da)(da)田栽(zai)培:待5月(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬選(xuan)擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松、通氣良好、肥沃適(shi)度的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)深(shen)耕,待苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高20cm—25cm左(zuo)右時(shi)即(ji)可剪(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)插。要求畝施腐熟的(de)(de)(de)廄(jiu)肥110公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤—150公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤,石灰80公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤—100公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤。移栽(zai)成活(huo)后(hou)(hou)新(xin)蔓長5cm—10cm時(shi)追施苗(miao)(miao)(miao)肥。⑤田間管(guan)(guan)理(li):在(zai)插后(hou)(hou)3天(tian)(tian)—7天(tian)(tian)要及時(shi)查苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補蔸,對補栽(zai)的(de)(de)(de)薯(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)要實(shi)(shi)行重點管(guan)(guan)。薯(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)活(huo)蔸后(hou)(hou)進行第(di)一(yi)次中耕,隔10天(tian)(tian)—15天(tian)(tian)再中耕一(yi)次,在(zai)薯(shu)蔓滿(man)田前完成第(di)三次中耕。⑥收獲:占圩(wei)紅(hong)薯(shu)一(yi)般在(zai)10月(yue)中、下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬初霜前收獲。⑦生產記(ji)錄:建立完善的(de)(de)(de)生產記(ji)錄檔案,確保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)記(ji)錄檔案可追溯(su)占圩(wei)紅(hong)薯(shu)實(shi)(shi)際生產全過(guo)程,檔案資(zi)料準確、清晰、完善。