產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外在感(gan)官特征:占圩紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)頂葉色(se)綠、莖色(se)綠,葉形缺刻。單株結薯(shu)(shu)4-6個(ge),單塊重200-400克(ke),薯(shu)(shu)塊呈(cheng)紡綞形,薯(shu)(shu)皮紅(hong)色(se),薯(shu)(shu)肉淡桔(jie)紅(hong)。生食(shi)脆甜(tian),有清香味(wei),熟食(shi)軟(ruan)甜(tian),粗纖維少。
(2)內在(zai)品質指標:含(han)淀粉11.5%—13.1%;還原糖2.36%—3.14%;維(wei)生素C15.7mg/100g—17.3 mg/100g;鉀232 mg/100g —283mg/100g ;粗纖維(wei)0.59%-0.71%。
(3)質量(liang)安全(quan)要求(qiu):占(zhan)圩紅薯產(chan)地環境(jing)符合NY/T5010-2016《無公害農產(chan)品(pin) 種植業(ye)產(chan)地環境(jing)條件》要求(qiu)。
地域范圍
東鄉縣占(zhan)圩(wei)(wei)鎮位于(yu)江西(xi)省的西(xi)部,東臨本縣圩(wei)(wei)上橋鎮,西(xi)接臨川區(qu),北靠進賢縣。南接馬(ma)圩(wei)(wei)鎮,占(zhan)圩(wei)(wei)紅薯保(bao)護(hu)范圍(wei)為東鄉縣占(zhan)圩(wei)(wei)鎮,保(bao)護(hu)范圍(wei)位于(yu)東經(jing)116°45′08〞—116°51′00〞,北緯28°08′21〞—28°14′35〞。保(bao)護(hu)規模為700公(gong)頃(qing),年產量18900噸。
自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
占圩(wei)地(di)處(chu)贛東丘陵與鄱陽(yang)湖(hu)平(ping)原過(guo)渡(du)地(di)帶,屬亞熱(re)帶濕潤季風(feng)氣候,氣候溫和,雨量豐(feng)沛、光(guang)照充足(zu)、熱(re)量豐(feng)富(fu)、四季分明(ming);年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫17.6度,平(ping)均日照時間1831.9小時,年(nian)無霜期為271天;土壤(rang)多(duo)為紅壤(rang),形成了(le) “占圩(wei)紅薯”種植的(de)獨(du)特自然生態環境。
特定生產方式
(1)產地(di)要求(qiu):占圩紅薯(shu)要選擇陽(yang)光充(chong)足、耕作層深(shen)度40-50厘(li)米以上、通(tong)氣爽水、富含磷(lin)、鉀成分的紅壤土質(zhi)種植。
(2)品種選(xuan)擇(ze):當地占(zhan)圩紅薯品種。
(3)生產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li): ①選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)中等大(da)(da)小(xiao)(150克—220克),皮(pi)色鮮明(ming)無(wu)病斑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)圩(wei)紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)塊做種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。②育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):占(zhan)(zhan)圩(wei)紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)主要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)用(yong)溫(wen)床育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。即選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)地下水位低、排(pai)水方(fang)便、避風向陽(yang)、3—5年未種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏松土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤做為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床。將新鮮畜糞、作物(wu)秸稈(gan)等釀熱物(wu)分(fen)層(ceng)墊放,厚(hou)度(du)(du)50cm左(zuo)右。在(zai)3月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)將選(xuan)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)按照塊頭部朝上(shang),底(di)部朝下,大(da)(da)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)排(pai)深(shen)小(xiao)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)排(pai)淺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度(du)(du)13cm×16cm。排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)不宜過(guo)厚(hou),用(yong)地膜(mo)(mo)低拱(gong)覆(fu)蓋保溫(wen)。③苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床管(guan)理(li):堅持前(qian)期(qi)高溫(wen)催芽,中期(qi)適溫(wen)長苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)低溫(wen)煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)控(kong)制原則,主要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過(guo)低拱(gong)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓋、揭(jie)管(guan)理(li)來調溫(wen)控(kong)溫(wen)。床溫(wen)保持在(zai)30℃—35℃,溫(wen)度(du)(du)超過(guo)30℃要(yao)(yao)及時(shi)(shi)揭(jie)膜(mo)(mo)降溫(wen),在(zai)氣溫(wen)不低于20℃時(shi)(shi),揭(jie)膜(mo)(mo)煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床不宜過(guo)干(gan)或過(guo)濕,保持床土(tu)(tu)(tu)濕潤(run)。④大(da)(da)田(tian)栽(zai)(zai)培:待5月(yue)下旬(xun)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質疏松、通(tong)氣良好、肥(fei)沃適度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤深(shen)耕(geng)(geng),待苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高20cm—25cm左(zuo)右時(shi)(shi)即可剪(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)插。要(yao)(yao)求畝施腐(fu)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廄肥(fei)110公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)—150公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),石灰80公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)—100公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。移栽(zai)(zai)成活(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)新蔓(man)長5cm—10cm時(shi)(shi)追施苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)肥(fei)。⑤田(tian)間管(guan)理(li):在(zai)插后(hou)(hou)(hou)3天(tian)(tian)—7天(tian)(tian)要(yao)(yao)及時(shi)(shi)查苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)補蔸,對補栽(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)要(yao)(yao)實(shi)(shi)行重(zhong)點管(guan)。薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)活(huo)(huo)蔸后(hou)(hou)(hou)進行第一次(ci)中耕(geng)(geng),隔10天(tian)(tian)—15天(tian)(tian)再中耕(geng)(geng)一次(ci),在(zai)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)蔓(man)滿田(tian)前(qian)完成第三(san)次(ci)中耕(geng)(geng)。⑥收(shou)獲:占(zhan)(zhan)圩(wei)紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一般在(zai)10月(yue)中、下旬(xun)初霜前(qian)收(shou)獲。⑦生產(chan)(chan)記錄:建(jian)立完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)記錄檔(dang)案,確保記錄檔(dang)案可追溯占(zhan)(zhan)圩(wei)紅(hong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)實(shi)(shi)際生產(chan)(chan)全(quan)過(guo)程,檔(dang)案資料準確、清晰、完善。