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產品簡介

甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆盛產(chan)與我國陜西省甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)縣(xian)，具有悠久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)栽培歷史。甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆的(de)(de)(de)地理(li)保(bao)護范圍為東(dong)經108°45′34″-109°33′46″，北緯(wei)36°6′57″-36°37′33″，主要分布在甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)鎮(zhen)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、下寺灣鎮(zhen)、石(shi)門鄉(xiang)(xiang)、高(gao)哨(shao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、勞山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、城(cheng)關鎮(zhen)、道(dao)鎮(zhen)和東(dong)溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)三(san)鎮(zhen)五鄉(xiang)(xiang)，種植面積達18萬畝(mu)，總產(chan)量突破(po)1.8萬噸。甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆種皮(pi)為紅(hong)(hong)色、白薺、短圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形、粒直徑4.5mm以(yi)上，每100粒平均重(zhong)量為11.55g，色澤鮮艷(yan)、營養豐富、顆粒碩大、結實(shi)飽滿，出(chu)沙、出(chu)成(cheng)率高(gao)，富含多種人體所需的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)量元素，營養成(cheng)分穩定，具有很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)用、食(shi)用價(jia)值，有良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)市場競爭力。2005年國家質檢總局第41號公告批準對甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆實(shi)施(shi)地理(li)標志產(chan)品(pin)保(bao)護。

產地環境

陜西甘(gan)泉縣處于(yu)黃土(tu)(tu)高(gao)原丘陵溝壑(he)區(qu)(qu)，海拔(ba)950-1625米(mi)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)為黃綿(mian)(mian)土(tu)(tu)、灰黃綿(mian)(mian)土(tu)(tu)、草灌黃綿(mian)(mian)土(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)表面疏松綿(mian)(mian)軟，通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)能好，透水性(xing)能較(jiao)強(qiang)，具(ju)有(you)一(yi)定團粒結(jie)構，有(you)機質和(he)其它有(you)效營養物質含量(liang)較(jiao)低(di)(di)，含氮量(liang)大，含礦物質養分多，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)肥力高(gao)，易于(yu)培肥熟(shu)(shu)(shu)化，無(wu)病蟲害、無(wu)污染，尤(you)其適(shi)宜延安甘(gan)泉紅(hong)小豆的種植(zhi)。甘(gan)泉縣受地形和(he)海拔(ba)的影響(xiang)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)差異明顯(xian)，熱(re)量(liang)分布不(bu)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)8.9℃，極端最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)37.5℃，極端最低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-27.1℃，夏季平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)21.0℃，冬季平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-4.6℃，有(you)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)半濕潤(run)（濕潤(run)）一(yi)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)區(qu)(qu)和(he)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)半濕潤(run)兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)三(san)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)區(qu)(qu)（或一(yi)年(nian)(nian)兩(liang)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)區(qu)(qu)）。低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)半濕潤(run)（濕潤(run)）區(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)8.0℃-8.4℃，大于(yu)或等于(yu)0℃的活動(dong)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3400-3500℃.無(wu)霜期短(duan)，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)140-145天，年(nian)(nian)降水560-580毫(hao)米(mi)，熱(re)量(liang)資源不(bu)豐富，水資源有(you)限(xian)，一(yi)年(nian)(nian)只能種植(zhi)一(yi)次。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)半濕潤(run)區(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3.2-9.0℃，大于(yu)或等于(yu)0℃的活動(dong)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3550-3750℃，無(wu)霜期平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)145-160天，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)560-580毫(hao)米(mi)，熱(re)量(liang)資源尚好，無(wu)霜期長，水資源豐富，灌溉(gai)條件(jian)優越，可以兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)三(san)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)或一(yi)年(nian)(nian)兩(liang)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)。均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)適(shi)宜種植(zhi)紅(hong)小豆。

文化背景

紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)在我(wo)國(guo)具有(you)(you)悠(you)久(jiu)(jiu)的(de)栽培(pei)(pei)歷(li)(li)史，陜西(xi)省甘(gan)泉(quan)縣是(shi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)栽培(pei)(pei)歷(li)(li)史較為(wei)悠(you)久(jiu)(jiu)的(de)地區之(zhi)一(yi)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)雜(za)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)類的(de)主要品種，其產(chan)(chan)量和種植面積位于(yu)黃豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)后，處于(yu)第(di)三(san)位。清朝四十一(yi)年（1776年）甘(gan)泉(quan)知縣王(wang)星燭修(xiu)《甘(gan)泉(quan)事宜(yi)》二卷(juan)記載：“甘(gan)泉(quan)盛產(chan)(chan)雜(za)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)，尤(you)以(yi)(yi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)為(wei)先”。李(li)時(shi)珍稱紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)為(wei)“心之(zhi)谷”，其功用為(wei)“生津液、利小(xiao)便、消脹、除(chu)腫(zhong)、止吐”，并治“下痢、解酒毒、除(chu)寒熱痛腫(zhong)、排(pai)膿散血(xue)、而(er)通乳(ru)汁……”。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)蛋白質中(zhong)賴氨酸含量較高，宜(yi)與(yu)谷類食(shi)(shi)品混合成豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)飯或(huo)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)粥(zhou)實(shi)用。《甘(gan)泉(quan)縣志》記載：“民(min)國(guo)十八(ba)年（1929年）甘(gan)泉(quan)縣旱(han)災嚴重(zhong)，糧食(shi)(shi)絕收(shou)，村民(min)離(li)鄉賣(mai)子、無以(yi)(yi)充饑。唯紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)耐旱(han)而(er)未絕收(shou)，遂以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)做粥(zhou)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)，日(ri)食(shi)(shi)一(yi)餐(can)而(er)不饑”。另據當地一(yi)位105歲老翁講述：相傳(chuan)(chuan)有(you)(you)一(yi)農夫從他鄉歸來，帶(dai)回了一(yi)些紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)色的(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)子，在自家的(de)山(shan)洼上用鏵式農具，由牲畜牽引，開溝施肥(fei)、下種，半月過后。綠(lv)油油的(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)苗長滿(man)山(shan)坡，農夫喜出(chu)望外，精心間苗鋤草，秋后產(chan)(chan)出(chu)鮮紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)的(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)子。用此(ci)(ci)熬(ao)粥(zhou)，細(xi)膩光滑(hua)，油香撲鼻，食(shi)(shi)后漸覺渾身有(you)(you)力(li)(li)，精神倍增，于(yu)是(shi)廣傳(chuan)(chuan)村里(li)百姓，紛紛種之(zhi)食(shi)(shi)用，年復一(yi)年，該(gai)村男子各個體壯膀闊，面色紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)潤，雖年近花甲而(er)精力(li)(li)不衰，父女個個俊(jun)俏秀麗，面若桃花，體態婀娜多姿、招人喜愛。究其原因，皆(jie)為(wei)常食(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)所致，此(ci)(ci)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)亦被稱為(wei)“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)瑪瑙(nao)”豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)小(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)”而(er)廣為(wei)種植，代代相傳(chuan)(chuan)。