安(an)塞小(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),陜西省(sheng)安(an)塞縣特產,中國國家地理標(biao)志產品。安(an)塞小(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)色澤金黃,顆粒(li)渾圓,晶瑩明亮,粘糯芳香,油(you)脂豐富,久貯不變。安(an)塞小(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)營(ying)養(yang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)高,富含多種維生素和微量元素,比大米(mi)(mi)(mi)的營(ying)養(yang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)高。小(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)熬粥(zhou)營(ying)養(yang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)豐富,有"代參(can)湯"之美(mei)稱。
簡介
小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi),陜西省安(an)塞(sai)縣特(te)產,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)理標(biao)志產品(pin)(pin)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)久(jiu)負盛名,先秦(qin)、西漢軍屯時期,便有大面積種植,延安(an)安(an)塞(sai)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優良(liang),蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高。安(an)塞(sai)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)色澤金黃,顆粒(li)渾圓,晶瑩明亮,粘糯芳香,油(you)脂(zhi)豐富(fu),久(jiu)貯不變,平均含(han)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)13%,蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有人體必須的8種氨基酸,平均含(han)脂(zhi)肪(fang)4.5%,不飽和(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸占脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸含(han)量(liang)的85%,還富(fu)含(han)多種維(wei)生素,其粗纖維(wei)含(han)量(liang)在(zai)幾種主要糧(liang)食作物中(zhong)(zhong)最低。 2008年(nian),經中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)總局審核(he),決定對安(an)塞(sai)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)實施(shi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)理標(biao)志產品(pin)(pin)保(bao)護。
生產條件
安(an)塞古為(wei)白(bai)翟地,秦漢以來設(she)置高(gao)奴縣(xian),隋唐五(wu)代為(wei)金(jin)明縣(xian),宋(song)設(she)置安(an)塞堡,于宋(song)淳禎壬子年立縣(xian)。安(an)塞在歷史上(shang)地處邊塞要(yao)地,與(yu)北部少數(shu)民族(zu)接近,漢民族(zu)與(yu)少數(shu)民族(zu)交替發展,時農(nong)時牧,至明初時,方形成(cheng)了(le)以農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產為(wei)主體的(de)生(sheng)產格局。境內(nei)延水(shui)橫穿南北,梁峁平川(chuan)遍布,土地資(zi)源豐(feng)富,屬中溫(wen)帶大陸性半干旱季風氣候,是耐(nai)旱、耐(nai)瘠簿、耐(nai)酸、耐(nai)堿類谷物的(de)主要(yao)誕(dan)生(sheng)地和種植區,歷史上(shang)譽之為(wei)"米糧川(chuan)"。
種植歷史
延安安塞小米久負盛名,先秦、西漢軍(jun)屯時(shi)期(qi),便有大(da)面積種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),有鮑家營、譚家營、東營、馮家營等(deng)屯軍(jun)墾荒要地。隋唐宋元,農(nong)(nong)牧雜柔(rou),時(shi)農(nong)(nong)時(shi)牧,農(nong)(nong)業受(shou)限(xian),但(dan)谷子(zi)始終是(shi)當時(shi)農(nong)(nong)牧民(min)的(de)(de)大(da)宗糧食作物。明清時(shi)期(qi),農(nong)(nong)耕(geng)再興(xing),農(nong)(nong)牧攜伴(ban)同行,耕(geng)作農(nong)(nong)業得(de)到全面發展,谷類作物不僅(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積廣闊(kuo),而且品種(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)加齊全。據民(min)國(guo)(guo)安塞縣志記載:"安塞境內(nei)宜粟,他(ta)郡不及,其(qi)米淅(xi)之汁為脂。其(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)有龍爪、狼(lang)尾、豬糞、竹葉青、馬拖韁、焦泥黃、大(da)期(qi)限(xian)、小期(qi)限(xian)、紅小料(liao)等(deng)。"1935年(nian)(nian)(nian)安塞解放(fang)后,陜(shan)甘寧邊(bian)區時(shi)期(qi)開展大(da)生產運動(dong),鼓勵墾荒,"小米加步搶"打破了(le)國(guo)(guo)民(min)黨(dang)的(de)(de)經濟封(feng)鎖(suo),取(qu)得(de)了(le)抗(kang)日(ri)戰(zhan)爭和解放(fang)戰(zhan)爭的(de)(de)偉大(da)勝利,小米隨著全國(guo)(guo)解放(fang)而享(xiang)譽四海,聞名遐邇。解放(fang)后,小米種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積一直(zhi)穩定(ding)在(zai)10萬(wan)畝左右(you),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技術不斷改進,單產逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)提高,畝產由(you)(you)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)25公(gong)斤提高到2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)300公(gong)斤,總(zong)產也由(you)(you)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)318萬(wan)公(gong)斤增加到2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)800多萬(wan)公(gong)斤。
品質特征
延安(an)安(an)塞小米(mi)品(pin)質優良,蛋(dan)(dan)白質含(han)量高(gao)。據中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農業科(ke)學研究(jiu)院品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)資源研究(jiu)所對中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)谷(gu)子品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)化驗分析,安(an)塞谷(gu)子蛋(dan)(dan)白質平(ping)均(jun)含(han)量為13.46%,高(gao)于(yu)全國(guo)(guo)1個百(bai)分點(dian)(全國(guo)(guo)為12.4%)。全國(guo)(guo)12個蛋(dan)(dan)白質含(han)量在16%以上的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),安(an)塞就有5個。安(an)塞小米(mi)色澤(ze)金黃,顆粒渾圓,晶瑩明亮(liang),粘糯芳香,油脂(zhi)豐富(fu),久貯不變,平(ping)均(jun)含(han)蛋(dan)(dan)白質13%,蛋(dan)(dan)白質中(zhong)含(han)有人體必(bi)須的8種(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸(suan),平(ping)均(jun)含(han)脂(zhi)肪(fang)4.5%,不飽和脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)占脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)含(han)量的85%,還富(fu)含(han)多種(zhong)(zhong)維(wei)生(sheng)素,其粗纖維(wei)含(han)量在幾種(zhong)(zhong)主要糧食作物(wu)中(zhong)最低。20世紀80年代,從(cong)山(shan)西引(yin)進(jin)了晉汾7號,被譽為"香谷(gu)米(mi)",在安(an)塞種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)后(hou),品(pin)質殊佳(jia),優于(yu)原產地,堪與(yu)傳統(tong)名米(mi)媲美(mei)。