安(an)(an)塞(sai)小(xiao)米(mi),陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)安(an)(an)塞(sai)縣(xian)特產(chan)(chan),中國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家地理(li)標志(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品。安(an)(an)塞(sai)小(xiao)米(mi)色(se)澤金(jin)黃,顆粒渾圓(yuan),晶(jing)瑩明亮(liang),粘糯芳香,油(you)脂豐(feng)富,久貯(zhu)不變。安(an)(an)塞(sai)小(xiao)米(mi)營(ying)養價值(zhi)高,富含(han)多(duo)種(zhong)維生素和微量元素,比大米(mi)的營(ying)養價值(zhi)高。小(xiao)米(mi)熬粥營(ying)養價值(zhi)豐(feng)富,有(you)"代參湯"之美稱。
簡介
小米(mi),陜西(xi)省安(an)(an)(an)塞縣特產(chan)(chan)(chan),中國(guo)國(guo)家地理標志產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。小米(mi)久負盛名,先秦、西(xi)漢(han)軍(jun)屯時期,便(bian)有大面(mian)積種(zhong)植(zhi),延安(an)(an)(an)安(an)(an)(an)塞小米(mi)品(pin)質優良,蛋(dan)白質含(han)量(liang)高。安(an)(an)(an)塞小米(mi)色(se)澤金黃(huang),顆粒渾圓(yuan),晶瑩(ying)明(ming)亮,粘(zhan)糯芳(fang)香,油脂(zhi)豐富,久貯(zhu)不(bu)變,平均含(han)蛋(dan)白質13%,蛋(dan)白質中含(han)有人體必須的8種(zhong)氨(an)基(ji)酸,平均含(han)脂(zhi)肪(fang)4.5%,不(bu)飽和(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸占脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸含(han)量(liang)的85%,還富含(han)多種(zhong)維(wei)生素,其粗纖(xian)維(wei)含(han)量(liang)在(zai)幾種(zhong)主要糧食(shi)作物中最低。 2008年,經(jing)中國(guo)國(guo)家質檢(jian)總局審核,決定對安(an)(an)(an)塞小米(mi)實(shi)施國(guo)家地理標志產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)保護。
生產條件
安(an)塞(sai)古為(wei)白(bai)翟(zhai)地,秦漢以來設置高奴縣(xian),隋唐五代為(wei)金明縣(xian),宋(song)設置安(an)塞(sai)堡,于宋(song)淳禎壬(ren)子年立(li)縣(xian)。安(an)塞(sai)在歷史(shi)上地處邊塞(sai)要地,與北部少數(shu)(shu)民族(zu)接近,漢民族(zu)與少數(shu)(shu)民族(zu)交替(ti)發(fa)展,時農時牧,至明初時,方形成了以農業生產為(wei)主體的生產格局。境內延水橫穿南(nan)北,梁(liang)峁平川(chuan)遍(bian)布,土(tu)地資源(yuan)豐富(fu),屬中溫帶大陸性半干旱季風氣候,是耐(nai)旱、耐(nai)瘠簿、耐(nai)酸(suan)、耐(nai)堿類(lei)谷物的主要誕生地和種植(zhi)區,歷史(shi)上譽(yu)之為(wei)"米糧川(chuan)"。
種植歷史
延安(an)安(an)塞(sai)(sai)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)久負盛名,先秦、西漢軍(jun)屯(tun)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),便有大(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),有鮑(bao)家營(ying)、譚(tan)家營(ying)、東營(ying)、馮家營(ying)等(deng)屯(tun)軍(jun)墾(ken)荒(huang)(huang)要地。隋(sui)唐(tang)宋元,農(nong)牧(mu)(mu)雜柔,時(shi)(shi)農(nong)時(shi)(shi)牧(mu)(mu),農(nong)業受限,但谷子始(shi)終(zhong)是當時(shi)(shi)農(nong)牧(mu)(mu)民的(de)(de)大(da)(da)宗糧食作物。明清時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),農(nong)耕(geng)(geng)再興(xing),農(nong)牧(mu)(mu)攜伴同行,耕(geng)(geng)作農(nong)業得到全面(mian)(mian)(mian)發展,谷類作物不僅種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積廣(guang)闊,而(er)且品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更加(jia)齊全。據民國(guo)安(an)塞(sai)(sai)縣志記(ji)載(zai):"安(an)塞(sai)(sai)境內(nei)宜粟,他郡不及,其米(mi)(mi)淅之汁(zhi)為脂。其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有龍爪、狼尾、豬糞、竹葉青(qing)、馬拖韁(jiang)、焦(jiao)泥(ni)黃(huang)、大(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)限、小(xiao)(xiao)期(qi)(qi)限、紅小(xiao)(xiao)料等(deng)。"1935年(nian)安(an)塞(sai)(sai)解放(fang)后,陜甘(gan)寧邊區時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)開(kai)展大(da)(da)生產運動,鼓勵(li)墾(ken)荒(huang)(huang),"小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)加(jia)步搶"打破了國(guo)民黨的(de)(de)經濟封鎖(suo),取得了抗日戰(zhan)(zhan)爭和解放(fang)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭的(de)(de)偉大(da)(da)勝利,小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)隨(sui)著全國(guo)解放(fang)而(er)享譽四海,聞名遐(xia)邇。解放(fang)后,小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積一直穩定在10萬(wan)(wan)畝左(zuo)右,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技術不斷改進,單產逐年(nian)提高,畝產由(you)1949年(nian)的(de)(de)25公(gong)斤(jin)提高到2010年(nian)的(de)(de)300公(gong)斤(jin),總產也由(you)1949年(nian)的(de)(de)318萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)增加(jia)到2010年(nian)的(de)(de)800多萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)。
品質特征
延安安塞(sai)(sai)小米品(pin)質(zhi)優良,蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高。據中國(guo)農業科(ke)學研究院品(pin)種(zhong)資源研究所對(dui)中國(guo)谷(gu)子(zi)品(pin)種(zhong)化驗分析,安塞(sai)(sai)谷(gu)子(zi)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)平(ping)均(jun)含(han)量(liang)為(wei)13.46%,高于(yu)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)1個百分點(全(quan)(quan)國(guo)為(wei)12.4%)。全(quan)(quan)國(guo)12個蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)在(zai)16%以上(shang)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong),安塞(sai)(sai)就有(you)5個。安塞(sai)(sai)小米色(se)澤金黃,顆粒渾圓,晶瑩(ying)明亮(liang),粘糯芳(fang)香,油脂豐富(fu),久(jiu)貯(zhu)不變,平(ping)均(jun)含(han)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)13%,蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)中含(han)有(you)人(ren)體必須的(de)8種(zhong)氨基酸,平(ping)均(jun)含(han)脂肪4.5%,不飽(bao)和脂肪酸占脂肪酸含(han)量(liang)的(de)85%,還富(fu)含(han)多種(zhong)維生素,其粗纖維含(han)量(liang)在(zai)幾種(zhong)主要糧食作(zuo)物(wu)中最低。20世紀80年代(dai),從山西引進了晉汾7號(hao),被譽(yu)為(wei)"香谷(gu)米",在(zai)安塞(sai)(sai)種(zhong)植(zhi)后,品(pin)質(zhi)殊(shu)佳,優于(yu)原(yuan)產地,堪與傳統(tong)名(ming)米媲美(mei)。