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一.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、位置氣(qi)候：靈武(wu)市深居內陸腹地(di)，位于寧夏平原(yuan)中(zhong)部，北緯38°，海拔1250米。是盛產優質水果(guo)的(de)“黃金緯度(du)”。屬(shu)于典(dian)型的(de)大陸性季風氣(qi)候，其特點為：春遲秋(qiu)早，四季分明(ming)、日(ri)照充足(zu)、熱量豐富(fu)、蒸發強烈、氣(qi)候干燥、晴天(tian)多、雨雷少，全年日(ri)照時(shi)數3080.2小時(shi)，平均(jun)無霜期157天(tian)，植物生(sheng)長期持(chi)續170天(tian)，年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫8.8℃，年均(jun)降水量206.2～255.2mm。

2、土(tu)壤水文：靈(ling)武(wu)長棗種植區地貌(mao)可分為西部引黃灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)平原區和(he)東部毛烏素沙(sha)地丘(qiu)陵區，土(tu)壤為壤土(tu)、沙(sha)壤土(tu)、沙(sha)土(tu)或易耕荒地，土(tu)壤質地偏沙(sha)，通透性和(he)耕性較好。pH值(zhi)7.5～8.5，地下水位(wei)1.5m以下，土(tu)壤全鹽含(han)量低于(yu)1.0‰，土(tu)壤有(you)機(ji)質含(han)量中等。靈(ling)武(wu)市得天獨厚的自然條件(jian)與引黃河(he)水灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)便利條件(jian)造就了靈(ling)武(wu)長棗獨一無(wu)二(er)的地方特有(you)品質。

二.地域范圍

靈武(wu)長(chang)棗農(nong)產品(pin)地理(li)標志地域(yu)保(bao)護范(fan)圍為(wei)：靈武(wu)市現轄行政區(qu)域(yu)，包括臨河鎮(zhen)、東塔鎮(zhen)、郝家(jia)橋(qiao)鎮(zhen)、崇(chong)興鎮(zhen)、馬家(jia)灘(tan)鎮(zhen)、梧(wu)桐樹鄉、白(bai)土崗鄉，靈武(wu)園藝(yi)試驗場、大泉林場、北沙窩林場、白(bai)芨灘(tan)林場、靈武(wu)農(nong)場。地處(chu)東徑(jing)106°11′～105°52′，北緯(wei)37°35′～38°21′之間，南北長(chang)98公(gong)里，東西(xi)寬54公(gong)里，市域(yu)總面積4010平(ping)方千米(mi)，種植面積9467公(gong)頃，年產量16000t。

三.產品品質特性特征

1、外在感官特征：靈武長(chang)棗為(wei)鮮食品(pin)種，果(guo)實呈長(chang)橢圓形或圓柱(zhu)形、略(lve)扁，梗洼深廣，果(guo)肩平整；果(guo)皮紫(zi)紅色(se)(se)，完(wan)熟果(guo)面(mian)帶(dai)紫(zi)斑；果(guo)皮薄(bo)，果(guo)肉綠白色(se)(se)，質(zhi)(zhi)地質(zhi)(zhi)密酥脆，汁液多，酸甜適口。縱徑平均(jun)在4cm左(zuo)(zuo)右，最大達6cm，橫徑（寬面(mian)）2.5cm左(zuo)(zuo)右，平均(jun)單果(guo)重12g左(zuo)(zuo)右。

2、衛生(sheng)指(zhi)標：靈武長棗果實衛生(sheng)指(zhi)標應(ying)符(fu)合(he)GB14891.5-1997《輻(fu)照新鮮水果、蔬菜類衛生(sheng)標準》中3.4的規定。

3、檢驗規則：按DB64/T419《鮮靈(ling)武長棗》執(zhi)行。

四.特定生產方式

1、產地選(xuan)擇與特殊內容規定：生(sheng)產地域內無工業和(he)城(cheng)市污染源，種植區(qu)(qu)選(xuan)擇離工礦區(qu)(qu)和(he)公(gong)路(lu)鐵路(lu)干線，生(sheng)態(tai)條件良(liang)好(hao)的地區(qu)(qu)。土質以(yi)壤土、沙壤土、礫質壤土、沙土為主，要求土層深厚，灌(guan)、排水條件良(liang)好(hao)。

2、品種(zhong)選擇與特定要求(qiu)：選用優(you)質、高(gao)產、抗(kang)病(bing)、抗(kang)逆性(xing)強、商品性(xing)好、本地長(chang)期種(zhong)植的靈武長(chang)棗1號、2號優(you)系(xi)品種(zhong)。

3、栽培管理：

①苗(miao)木(mu)：采用根(gen)蘗苗(miao)和嫁接苗(miao)，育(yu)苗(miao)按(an)DB64/T417《靈武長(chang)棗苗(miao)木(mu)繁育(yu)技術(shu)規程(cheng)》執(zhi)行。

②建園(yuan)：選擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)沃(wo)，排灌(guan)、交通(tong)條件便利的(de)地(di)塊。以(yi)地(di)下水位(wei)1.5m以(yi)下、熟土(tu)(tu)(tu)層30cm以(yi)上、PH值7.5～8.5，有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量較高的(de)沙壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)或輕壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)為宜。

③栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：南北行(xing)向種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)距3m×4m、2m×3m，栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密度每(mei)公頃825株(zhu)(zhu)～1650株(zhu)(zhu)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前一年大穴培肥(fei)，樹(shu)穴長(chang)、寬、高80cm×80cm×80cm，株(zhu)(zhu)施腐熟農家肥(fei)25kg加磷酸二(er)銨或復合肥(fei)0.5kg。定(ding)(ding)干50cm～70cm，漆封剪口(kou)，樹(shu)盤覆膜。大田種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按(an)DB64/T418《靈武長(chang)棗(zao)栽(zai)培技術規(gui)程》執(zhi)行(xing)，設施種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按(an)DB64/T530《靈武長(chang)棗(zao)日光溫室促成栽(zai)培技術規(gui)程》執(zhi)行(xing)。

④整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)：采用紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)樹形(xing)(xing)(xing)。春季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)時間(jian)：3月(yue)至4月(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)方法(fa)(fa)：短(duan)截、疏枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、刻(ke)芽。夏季修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)時間(jian)：整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)方法(fa)(fa)：抹(mo)芽、拿(na)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。具(ju)體方法(fa)(fa)按DB/T418《靈武長(chang)(chang)棗(zao)栽培(pei)(pei)技術規程》執行。定(ding)植當年(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)：8月(yue)之前(qian)，30cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)棗(zao)頭全部(bu)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)。幼樹修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)（1-3年(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)以(yi)迅速擴冠(guan)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，強(qiang)調(diao)(diao)扶壯(zhuang)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)干(gan)。選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)強(qiang)壯(zhuang)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)桿，保證中(zhong)(zhong)桿的(de)絕對優勢，在其40cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采取短(duan)截二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1～2節(jie)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，輔之抹(mo)芽選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一年(nian)(nian)(nian)選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3～4個(ge)(ge)骨(gu)干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距(ju)15cm～20cm，螺旋排(pai)列，每主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)7～15個(ge)(ge)永(yong)久性二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)長(chang)(chang)勢一年(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)，翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)不做延長(chang)(chang)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)。底(di)層(ceng)3個(ge)(ge)左(zuo)右(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)臨時性枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組，后期(qi)(qi)隨著枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)加，逐(zhu)步清除(chu)底(di)層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提高主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)方法(fa)(fa)以(yi)短(duan)截、抹(mo)芽、摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)、開(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。開(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)：以(yi)春、秋拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，結合夏季拿(na)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)70°～90°；摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)：根(gen)(gen)據(ju)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)長(chang)(chang)勢決定(ding)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)，旺(wang)長(chang)(chang)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、弱短(duan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)木質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)前(qian)結束(shu)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)，一般留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)7～9個(ge)(ge)永(yong)久性二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)。初果期(qi)(qi)樹修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)（4-6年(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)以(yi)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組、增(zeng)加產量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。對未達到(dao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)要求(qiu)的(de)，繼續(xu)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)，逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)疏除(chu)過密或過低枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)以(yi)抹(mo)芽選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，短(duan)截二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)輔枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。下部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)在1.2m～1.9m，上(shang)(shang)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)9個(ge)(ge)～15個(ge)(ge)永(yong)久性二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)，一年(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功，5年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右(you)(you)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)方法(fa)(fa)以(yi)抹(mo)芽、開(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。盛果期(qi)(qi)樹修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)（7年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)）：修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)以(yi)更新(xin)(xin)(xin)老化(hua)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，優化(hua)結果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。徹底(di)清除(chu)底(di)層(ceng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)到(dao)80cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，3年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右(you)(you)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)老枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更新(xin)(xin)(xin)，之后每年(nian)(nian)(nian)更新(xin)(xin)(xin)2個(ge)(ge)左(zuo)右(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距(ju)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)到(dao)20cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，也可(ke)分層(ceng)排(pai)布，層(ceng)間(jian)距(ju)50cm左(zuo)右(you)(you)，樹高2.5m～3m。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更新(xin)(xin)(xin)方法(fa)(fa)及要點：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更新(xin)(xin)(xin)方法(fa)(fa)，一是(shi)對枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齡5年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較差的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組，如位置偏高長(chang)(chang)勢過旺(wang)、角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)小而(er)不宜開(kai)張、二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗壯(zhuang)多次(ci)(ci)抹(mo)芽留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)樁等主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采取一次(ci)(ci)性疏除(chu)或留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)10cm短(duan)樁更新(xin)(xin)(xin)；二(er)(er)(er)是(shi)對5年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較好的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)采取基部(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)預備枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)方式(shi)進行逐(zhu)步更新(xin)(xin)(xin)；三是(shi)利(li)用棗(zao)樹春季前(qian)期(qi)(qi)抹(mo)芽，選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)上(shang)(shang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)棗(zao)頭，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

⑤肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管理：均(jun)衡施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)，前(qian)促后(hou)控(kong)。基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)：秋季果實(shi)采收后(hou)至灌(guan)冬水(shui)(shui)前(qian)，以(yi)(yi)農家肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，混加少量的氮(dan)素化肥(fei)(fei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量每666.7平方米施(shi)3000kg～5000kg。溝施(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)部位在(zai)樹(shu)冠(guan)投影(ying)外20cm左右處(chu)。溝施(shi)挖條溝或(huo)環狀(zhuang)溝，幼(you)齡樹(shu)環狀(zhuang)溝，成(cheng)齡樹(shu)條溝為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，溝深40cm～50cm，寬40cm，長隨(sui)樹(shu)冠(guan)冠(guan)幅。將腐熟的農家肥(fei)(fei)或(huo)商品有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)與陽土(tu)拌勻施(shi)入溝內，填平。追肥(fei)(fei)：每年2次(ci)(ci)，第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)在(zai)萌芽至開花前(qian)，以(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；第二次(ci)(ci)在(zai)果實(shi)膨大期(qi)(qi)，以(yi)(yi)磷鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量以(yi)(yi)當地(di)的土(tu)壤條件和施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)特點確定。株施(shi)0.25kg～0.75kg/次(ci)(ci)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方法(fa)是在(zai)樹(shu)冠(guan)投影(ying)外圍挖穴(xue)或(huo)開溝，幼(you)樹(shu)挖穴(xue)，3～4個，結(jie)果樹(shu)開溝，溝深10cm～20cm，寬20cm，長度(du)隨(sui)樹(shu)冠(guan)冠(guan)幅。肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)均(jun)勻撒(sa)入溝（穴(xue)）埋土(tu)，灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)。葉面(mian)噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)：全年4～5次(ci)(ci)，在(zai)生長前(qian)期(qi)(qi)2次(ci)(ci)，以(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；后(hou)期(qi)(qi)2～3次(ci)(ci)，以(yi)(yi)磷鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。常用肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)及濃度(du)：尿素0.3%～0.5%，磷酸二氫鉀(jia)0.2%～0.3%，硼砂0.1%～0.3%，沼液等。最后(hou)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)頁面(mian)噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)在(zai)距果實(shi)采收期(qi)(qi)20天以(yi)(yi)上。灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)：一(yi)般在(zai)萌芽前(qian)、花前(qian)、幼(you)果膨大期(qi)(qi)、封(feng)凍前(qian)各灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)，其它，根據墑情確定灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)次(ci)(ci)數。提倡(chang)采用滴灌(guan)、小管出流等節水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉措(cuo)施(shi)。

⑥花果管(guan)理(li)：按DB64/T418《靈武長棗栽培技術規程》執行。盛花期噴布赤霉(mei)素(su)控制在2次(ci)以內。

⑦病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：實施無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)、綠色(se)病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)控技(ji)術(shu)，堅持“預(yu)防(fang)為(wei)(wei)主，綜合防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)原則，綜合運(yun)用各種防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施，優(you)先采用農業措(cuo)施、生物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法，配合施用高效、低(di)毒、低(di)殘留(liu)的(de)(de)化學農藥，在化學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)上抓棗(zao)樹休眠期、蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)發生初期、蟲(chong)體(ti)裸露期、轉移為(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)期的(de)(de)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)，在大發生前3～5d提(ti)前防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)，在一天(tian)中(zhong)盡量選(xuan)擇上午10h前和下午4h后噴藥。具體(ti)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)按(an)DB64/T531《靈武長(chang)棗(zao)主要有(you)害(hai)(hai)生物(wu)防(fang)控技(ji)術(shu)規程》執行。

4、產(chan)品收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲及產(chan)后處理的規定：在農藥安全間(jian)隔期后適時(shi)，采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)，采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)所用工具要(yao)清潔、衛生(sheng)、無(wu)污(wu)染。①果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)：靈武長(chang)棗(zao)(zao)在脆熟期中(zhong)后期采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)間(jian)9月(yue)下旬至(zhi)10月(yue)上旬。鮮果(guo)(guo)(guo)貯(zhu)(zhu)藏1月(yue)以上，果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)著(zhu)色70﹪～90﹪采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)，鮮食棗(zao)(zao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)全紅果(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)要(yao)戴柔質手套(tao)，采(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)的盛具表面(mian)要(yao)柔軟。采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)時(shi)輕(qing)摘(zhai)輕(qing)放，防止一(yi)切(qie)人為或機械(xie)傷害，保(bao)證(zheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)完整(zheng)無(wu)損傷。用于較長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)貯(zhu)(zhu)藏棗(zao)(zao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)，帶(dai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)柄采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)。

五.包裝標識相關規定

1、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)：內包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)用符(fu)合(he)食品衛生要求的(de)材料，與靈武(wu)長棗接觸不易產(chan)生摩擦傷(shang)。外包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)用紙箱(xiang)裝(zhuang)，包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)定(ding)量誤(wu)差應符(fu)合(he)國家質量技術(shu)監督(du)檢驗總(zong)局令（2005）第75號。

2、運(yun)(yun)輸：長(chang)途運(yun)(yun)輸應采用冷(leng)藏車或(huo)冷(leng)藏集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱運(yun)(yun)輸，不(bu)得與有毒有害及(ji)有異味的(de)物品一起運(yun)(yun)輸。搬運(yun)(yun)時應輕拿輕放，不(bu)得拋摔。

3、貯(zhu)存(cun)：貯(zhu)存(cun)時應(ying)(ying)采用冷(leng)藏(zang)或氣(qi)調貯(zhu)藏(zang)。不得與有毒(du)有害(hai)及(ji)有異味的物品共同存(cun)放。產(chan)品堆放應(ying)(ying)離地(di)面20cm以上，離墻10cm以上。具體按(an)DB64/T419—2005《鮮(xian)靈武長棗》執(zhi)行(xing)。