青(qing)海是(shi)(shi)世界四大(da)(da)凈(jing)區之一(yi),生(sheng)長(chang)在(zai)這里的蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)豆,被國(guo)際市場(chang)公(gong)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)‘世界最(zui)好的蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)豆’,每年(nian)(nian)近千噸青(qing)海蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)豆被銷(xiao)往(wang)全球(qiu)各地。青(qing)海省大(da)(da)通(tong)縣生(sheng)態類型復雜(za),年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫4.7 ℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照時數為(wei)(wei)2 656.1 h,平(ping)均(jun)太陽輻(fu)射強,年(nian)(nian)≥0 ℃積溫為(wei)(wei)2 450 ℃,無(wu)霜期132 d,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降雨量為(wei)(wei)514.3 mm,6—9月為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)降雨季(ji)節,雨熱同季(ji),氣(qi)候冷涼,海拔較高,日照充足,晝夜溫差大(da)(da),土壤(rang)疏松富含鉀,無(wu)污染,適宜蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)豆生(sheng)長(chang)發育。大(da)(da)通(tong)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)豆在(zai)全縣20個鄉(xiang)鎮內都有種植,主(zhu)要(yao)集中在(zai)塔爾鎮、新莊鎮、城(cheng)關鎮、景陽鎮等鄉(xiang)鎮。大(da)(da)通(tong)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)豆高產(chan)優質,是(shi)(shi)青(qing)海省蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)豆良種和(he)商(shang)品(pin)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)豆的主(zhu)要(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)區之一(yi),大(da)(da)通(tong)蠶(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)豆為(wei)(wei)農產(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志產(chan)品(pin)。
2012年,大(da)(da)通(tong)縣示范(fan)種(zhong)(zhong)植青海(hai)(hai)13號(hao)(hao)蠶(can)豆,該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)是早(zao)熟(shu)、高(gao)產(chan)、高(gao)蛋白(bai)(bai)蠶(can)豆品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),1999年由青海(hai)(hai)省農(nong)林科學院作物(wu)所以馬(ma)牙為(wei)(wei)母本(ben)、戴韋(divine)為(wei)(wei)父本(ben)經有性雜交選育而成的,具有早(zao)熟(shu)、高(gao)產(chan)、優質、抗逆(ni)性強、商(shang)品(pin)性好等(deng)優點(dian),2009年12月10日(ri)通(tong)過青海(hai)(hai)省農(nong)作物(wu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)委員會審(shen)定(ding)。該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)株高(gao)(101.70±10.31) cm,單株粒(li)數(36.79±11.53)粒(li),單株產(chan)量(33.56±10.05) g,百粒(li)重(81.21±5.87) g,蛋白(bai)(bai)質含量31.19%,籽(zi)粒(li)白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),種(zhong)(zhong)臍白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se)。平均產(chan)量4 500 kg/hm2左右。青海(hai)(hai)13號(hao)(hao)適(shi)宜在青海(hai)(hai)高(gao)寒農(nong)業區(qu)或(huo)農(nong)牧交錯區(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)植。適(shi)于休閑食品(pin)、蛋白(bai)(bai)分離加工等(deng)開(kai)發。2013年,繼續擴(kuo)大(da)(da)了青海(hai)(hai)13號(hao)(hao)蠶(can)豆種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積,對大(da)(da)通(tong)縣優化品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)結(jie)構,推(tui)動蠶(can)豆品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的區(qu)域布(bu)局,促(cu)進大(da)(da)通(tong)蠶(can)豆產(chan)業持續發展(zhan)具有重要意義(yi)。
大通蠶(can)豆品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、大通蠶豆外(wai)在感(gan)官特征:
1.1大通蠶豆籽粒(li)皮薄(bo),煮飪品質好,利于加工芽豆,適宜干(gan)炒、膨化、油炸。
1.2大通(tong)蠶豆籽粒大且飽(bao)滿均勻,皮色光亮,變色慢,耐貯(zhu)藏,商品率高(gao)。
1.3大(da)通(tong)蠶豆籽粒(li)無蠶豆象(xiang)危害,無水銹斑,是各類休(xiu)閑食品(pin)、調味品(pin)的理(li)想生產原料(liao)。
2、內(nei)在品質:≥檢測結果表明:大通蠶豆(dou)蛋(dan)白質含(han)量為(wei)≥20%、多糖≥0.5%、鈣≥950mg/kg,均高(gao)于蠶豆(dou)規范值,營養(yang)豐(feng)富(fu)。