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產地環境

裕(yu)民(min)縣地(di)(di)(di)處中國西(xi)北部，位于北緯45。41’～46。30’，東(dong)經82。12’～83。30’，阿爾泰山和天山之間的塔額盆地(di)(di)(di)。裕(yu)民(min)縣土地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積6530平(ping)方公里，地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)南(nan)高(gao)北低，東(dong)高(gao)西(xi)低，巴爾魯克(ke)山橫(heng)臥中間。海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)度390～3052米(mi)，山地(di)(di)(di)、丘(qiu)陵、沖積平(ping)原、沼澤(ze)地(di)(di)(di)等分(fen)布其間，地(di)(di)(di)貌及自然條(tiao)件復雜多樣。有50萬(wan)畝耕地(di)(di)(di)及707萬(wan)畝草(cao)場，24條(tiao)河流(liu)橫(heng)穿縣境。裕(yu)民(min)縣屬典型(xing)溫帶大(da)陸性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，晝夜(ye)溫差(cha)大(da)，日(ri)(ri)照時(shi)間長，年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫6．7℃，年(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)量280毫米(mi)，積雪深度34．4厘米(mi)，平(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照時(shi)間3122．6小時(shi)，無(wu)霜期156天。為紅花的種植提(ti)供了良好的條(tiao)件。

品種特性

紅(hong)花(hua)為一年生(sheng)或多年生(sheng)草本，直根系(xi)植(zhi)(zhi)物。紅(hong)花(hua)油(you)(you)(you)質清亮，食用(yong)(yong)可口，有(you)醫療作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，可治高(gao)血壓、動脈硬(ying)化等心(xin)血管疾病。紅(hong)花(hua)油(you)(you)(you)碘價高(gao)（150），是較(jiao)高(gao)級的(de)(de)干性油(you)(you)(you)類。工業上(shang)廣泛用(yong)(yong)以造(zao)涂料、肥皂、印刷油(you)(you)(you)和增強(qiang)感光(guang)材料柔(rou)和性油(you)(you)(you)劑等。去殼制油(you)(you)(you)后的(de)(de)紅(hong)花(hua)粕蛋白(bai)質含(han)量為19%，是牲畜(chu)的(de)(de)優(you)良飼料。從中提取(qu)食用(yong)(yong)蛋白(bai)，是一種有(you)前途(tu)的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物蛋白(bai)資源。紅(hong)花(hua)花(hua)絲(si)含(han)有(you)紅(hong)花(hua)黃色(se)素及紅(hong)花(hua)試，是傳統的(de)(de)中藥材，有(you)活(huo)血化淤，通(tong)經(jing)(jing)止痛(tong)之(zhi)功效，主治閉經(jing)(jing)、難產(chan)、死(si)胎、疲血作(zuo)痛(tong)、痛(tong)腫(zhong)、跌(die)打損傷等癥。

裕民無刺紅花屬油花兼用型。為喜溫油料作物，但對溫度的適應范圍較寬，一般≥5℃、積溫2000一2900℃，即可滿足生長發育需要，溫帶地區也可栽培。種子在4C以上可以發芽，5℃時發芽良好，溫度升高，發芽加速。在5℃、9℃、15℃條件下，發茅需時分別為16.2天、8.7天和3.7天。幼苗能耐一6.6℃的低溫。分枝后不耐0℃的低溫。開花后若能有24一32℃氣溫，可獲得好收成。幼苗綠色。主莖葉片大，分枝葉片小，葉片淡綠色，橢園形，較厚，葉緣無刺。株高80一100厘米，分枝高度35一40厘米，一(yi)(yi)(yi)次有(you)效分枝6一(yi)(yi)(yi)9個(ge)(ge)，二次有(you)效分枝7一(yi)(yi)(yi)10個(ge)(ge)，花(hua)紅(hong)色，全(quan)株種球10一(yi)(yi)(yi)30個(ge)(ge)，單(dan)株粒(li)400一(yi)(yi)(yi)440粒(li)，籽(zi)(zi)粒(li)白色，四棱卵園形，有(you)冠(guan)毛或無冠(guan)毛，千粒(li)重38一(yi)(yi)(yi)45克(ke)，皮殼率(lv)52.8%，含油率(lv)28一(yi)(yi)(yi)30%。生長期(qi)125一(yi)(yi)(yi)135天(tian)。生長勢強，生長整齊，適應性(xing)廣、抗寒、抗旱(han)、耐瘠薄、耐鹽堿，輕感紅(hong)花(hua)銹病。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)畝(mu)產籽(zi)(zi)95公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，采花(hua)8公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)；高者可產籽(zi)(zi)120公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)以上，采花(hua)10公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。

有刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)與(yu)無(wu)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)只是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)形態(tai)上的(de)(de)差別(bie)(bie)，這種差別(bie)(bie)所導(dao)致的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)（絲(si)）采(cai)摘(zhai)方式對紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)后(hou)續(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)有著較大(da)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)。有刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)由于其(qi)植(zhi)物干(gan)莖(jing)和葉片均生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)有刺(ci)，使得人工采(cai)摘(zhai)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)（絲(si)）極其(qi)困難(nan)，在后(hou)續(xu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)與(yu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)共同生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)2個(ge)月中，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)特別(bie)(bie)是(shi)果實飽和度(du)受(shou)到(dao)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)（絲(si)）共同生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，導(dao)致紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)中的(de)(de)營養指標(biao)受(shou)到(dao)一定的(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)。而無(wu)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)則有效(xiao)解決了(le)這個(ge)問題(ti)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)（絲(si)）被方便地(di)采(cai)摘(zhai)后(hou)，不僅可以得到(dao)有效(xiao)利用，更主要地(di)，使得“獨享干(gan)莖(jing)養份”的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)后(hou)續(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)指標(biao)得到(dao)保證。因此，無(wu)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)大(da)小、飽滿度(du)、光(guang)澤(ze)度(du)均優于有刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)，無(wu)論是(shi)出(chu)油率還是(shi)亞油酸、維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)E的(de)(de)含(han)量等指標(biao)，都(dou)有了(le)很大(da)的(de)(de)提升。