慶(qing)陽(yang)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊是(shi)甘肅省慶(qing)陽(yang)市的特產(chan)。慶(qing)陽(yang)市子午嶺林(lin)緣區的16個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen),以保護(hu)、發展慶(qing)陽(yang)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊為主,建成(cheng)慶(qing)陽(yang)優質黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)。慶(qing)陽(yang)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)羊是(shi)國家(jia)農產(chan)品地(di)理標志保護(hu)產(chan)品。
形成(cheng)歷(li)史悠久。主(zhu)產區(qu)華池、環(huan)縣、合水等地(di)(di)(di)(di),歷(li)來(lai)為(wei)(wei)我省(sheng)貧瘠(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu),干旱(han)(han)少雨(yu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)形復雜,水土(tu)流失嚴重(zhong),自然(ran)災(zai)害頻繁,農(nong)作物產量低而(er)不穩定。當地(di)(di)(di)(di)干旱(han)(han)多(duo)變(bian)的(de)氣候特點,適宜(yi)于羔(gao)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)、裘皮(pi)(pi)(pi)羊(yang)的(de)生長繁殖(zhi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高坡(po)陡、溝(gou)深草(cao)(cao)矮(ai)、干旱(han)(han)缺水的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形,適宜(yi)發展(zhan)體小靈活、適應性強、食(shi)(shi)物種(zhong)類(lei)廣泛、耐粗飼(si)的(de)小型草(cao)(cao)食(shi)(shi)反芻家畜(chu)——山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)。同時(shi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)多(duo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方病,交(jiao)通(tong)閉塞,生活困(kun)難,人口增長緩(huan)慢。在歷(li)史上逐步使子(zi)午嶺一帶(dai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu),變(bian)成(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)廣人稀的(de)牧(mu)業區(qu)。當地(di)(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高坡(po)陡溝(gou)深的(de)復雜地(di)(di)(di)(di)形使善于登山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)爬(pa)坡(po),對飼(si)養(yang)條件要求不高的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang),較(jiao)(jiao)之其(qi)它家畜(chu)得到充(chong)分發展(zhan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)發展(zhan)較(jiao)(jiao)快,加之羔(gao)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)發展(zhan),在群(qun)眾積極選(xuan)育(yu)和重(zhong)視(shi)飼(si)養(yang)管(guan)理下,當地(di)(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)品(pin)質不斷提高,毛色趨向(xiang)一致,上世紀七(qi)十年代西北農(nong)學(xue)院-副教授曾向(xiang)有(you)關部門(men)呼吁(yu)引起了重(zhong)視(shi),并對環(huan)縣北部和子(zi)午嶺林(lin)緣區(qu)的(de)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)進行(xing)了專門(men)調(diao)查(cha)。調(diao)查(cha)始于1980年,于1982年被(bei)列入《甘肅省(sheng)畜(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)種(zhong)志》,定名為(wei)(wei)子(zi)午嶺黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang),1988年甘肅省(sheng)畜(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)種(zhong)資源調(diao)查(cha)后,命名為(wei)(wei)隴東黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang),即目前的(de)慶陽黑(hei)(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)。“封山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)禁牧(mu)”實施以來(lai),羊(yang)逐步由放(fang)牧(mu)半放(fang)牧(mu)轉入舍飼(si)圈(quan)養(yang),生產方向(xiang)也轉向(xiang)肉絨兼用。
慶(qing)陽市(shi)草(cao)場資(zi)源(yuan)豐富,有(you)(you)荒(huang)山(shan)荒(huang)坡和天然草(cao)場1909萬畝,占土(tu)地總(zong)面積的47%,其中可利用(yong)草(cao)地1034萬畝,占草(cao)場總(zong)面積的54%。以早勝(sheng)牛、慶(qing)陽黑山(shan)羊、環(huan)縣灘羊、慶(qing)陽驢、紫花苜蓿等為主的名優(you)品(pin)種凸顯(xian)出了具有(you)(you)地方特(te)色的區域優(you)勢。
慶(qing)(qing)陽黑(hei)山羊作(zuo)為甘肅省慶(qing)(qing)陽市(shi)特有地方優良(liang)種質資源,近(jin)年來,隨(sui)著地方良(liang)種的(de)保護和(he)開發工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)不斷深(shen)入,慶(qing)(qing)陽黑(hei)山羊申請農(nong)產品(pin)地理標志登記工(gong)作(zuo)迫在眉(mei)睫,經申請,慶(qing)(qing)陽市(shi)人民(min)政府同意(yi)慶(qing)(qing)陽市(shi)畜牧(mu)技術(shu)推廣(guang)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)作(zuo)為慶(qing)(qing)陽黑(hei)山羊地理標志登記申請人,慶(qing)(qing)陽市(shi)農(nong)牧(mu)局隨(sui)后(hou)劃定了慶(qing)(qing)陽黑(hei)山羊生產范圍(wei),慶(qing)(qing)陽市(shi)畜牧(mu)技術(shu)推廣(guang)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)組織專(zhuan)業技術(shu)人員籌備申報材料,并對慶(qing)(qing)陽黑(hei)山羊羊肉(rou)品(pin)質做了專(zhuan)業檢測。
2013年,慶(qing)陽市(shi)畜牧技術推廣(guang)中心申報的(de)“慶(qing)陽黑山羊(yang)”通過農(nong)(nong)業部(bu)農(nong)(nong)產品質量安全中心審(shen)(shen)查和組(zu)織(zhi)專家(jia)評審(shen)(shen),實施國家(jia)農(nong)(nong)產品地理標志登記(ji)保(bao)護(hu)。
地域范圍
慶(qing)陽(yang)黑山(shan)羊(yang),是在(zai)慶(qing)陽(yang)境(jing)內(nei)放牧的(de)(de)隴(long)東(dong)(dong)黑山(shan)羊(yang),主(zhu)產區東(dong)(dong)部(bu)與(yu)陜西省(sheng)安塞、甘泉、富縣、黃陵相結,西部(bu)與(yu)寧夏回族自(zi)治區的(de)(de)同(tong)心縣、固原市(shi)相聯,南部(bu)同(tong)本(ben)省(sheng)平涼市(shi)的(de)(de)涇川(chuan)、崇(chong)信(xin)縣及陜西省(sheng)的(de)(de)長武、旬(xun)邑等縣接壤,北(bei)部(bu)毗鄰寧夏的(de)(de)鹽池和陜西省(sheng)的(de)(de)定邊、吳旗諸縣。主(zhu)產區地(di)處東(dong)(dong)徑106°50,至108°70',北(bei)緯35°20'~37°20',海拔885~2082m。主(zhu)產區總面積(ji)24334k㎡ ,牧草地(di)僅占(zhan)(zhan)耕地(di)面積(ji)20.5%,荒(huang)地(di)占(zhan)(zhan)38.0%,林(lin)地(di)占(zhan)(zhan)10.6%,其(qi)它(ta)為12.5%。