麥(mai)地(di)(di)灣(wan)梨(li)是(shi)云(yun)南省(sheng)大理白族自治(zhi)州云(yun)龍縣的特(te)(te)產。麥(mai)地(di)(di)灣(wan)梨(li)是(shi)“云(yun)南省(sheng)特(te)(te)晚熟(shu)優質梨(li)品種”,已被認(ren)證為(wei)綠色食品。麥(mai)地(di)(di)灣(wan)梨(li)為(wei)國家農(nong)產品地(di)(di)理標志(zhi)保護產品。
麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)耐儲藏地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)優(you)良品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)(zai)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)栽(zai)培歷史悠久(jiu),據(ju)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志》記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai):“已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)近百年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培歷史”。因(yin)成熟(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)冬季,群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)又稱(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)(wei)“冬雪(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”。 一(yi)、麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)稱(cheng)謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由來(lai)(lai)(lai) 麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由來(lai)(lai)(lai)還與知青(qing)上山下(xia)鄉有(you)(you)(you)關(guan),當時(shi)下(xia)關(guan)知青(qing)多(duo)(duo)(duo)集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)舊州(zhou)區(現(xian)功果(guo)(guo)橋鎮)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瀾滄江(jiang)河谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai),由于(yu)當時(shi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)儲藏技術水(shui)(shui)(shui)平有(you)(you)(you)限,所(suo)以(yi)到(dao)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2-3月份已(yi)無梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)供(gong)應,這時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)人將梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)從麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣村帶(dai)(dai)到(dao)知青(qing)點(dian)給知青(qing)們分享,知青(qing)們品(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗到(dao)汁多(duo)(duo)(duo)味甜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)后,紛(fen)紛(fen)問:“這是(shi)什么(me)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)?”這人也(ye)不知是(shi)什么(me)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),只說(shuo)是(shi)從麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),以(yi)后知青(qing)們想吃(chi)這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候就會(hui)問:“有(you)(you)(you)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)?”。久(jiu)而久(jiu)之就形成了以(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)和梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)稱(cheng)謂“麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”。 二、麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源 據(ju)1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)《河北(bei)林果(guo)(guo)研(yan)究》第(di)(di)(di)13卷第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)期中(zhong)(zhong)“云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)調查(cha)”,云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li), 又名(ming)(ming)麥(mai)(mai)莊梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、雪(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li), 系云(yun)(yun)(yun)南農家(jia)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。因(yin)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源于(yu)四(si)川, 故(gu)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)又稱(cheng)四(si)川梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)( 原名(ming)(ming)已(yi)無法查(cha)考) , 系70 年(nian)(nian)(nian)前游(you)洪(hong)順由四(si)川遷居(ju)云(yun)(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)舊州(zhou)鄉麥(mai)(mai)莊村時(shi)帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接穗, 接在(zai)(zai)屋角的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)株(zhu)川梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)( Py rus p ashia Buch. -Ham. ) 樹(shu)(shu)上, 成為(wei)(wei)(wei)繁殖傳播的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)樹(shu)(shu)。母(mu)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原樹(shu)(shu)冠已(yi)死, 現(xian)存(cun)樹(shu)(shu)冠系從距(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)高(gao)(gao)約(yue)1m 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空心主(zhu)干上長(chang)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)枝(zhi)重新形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。現(xian)母(mu)樹(shu)(shu)立(li)地(di)(di)(di)(di)海拔1720m。樹(shu)(shu)高(gao)(gao)10m, 冠幅8m, 主(zhu)干高(gao)(gao)2m, 樹(shu)(shu)勢中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng), 枝(zhi)條中(zhong)(zhong)密, 年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)400~500kg 。后經大(da)(da)(da)理州(zhou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農業(ye)科(ke)技工(gong)作(zuo)者多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)掘、篩選,并從其變異品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)成功選育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)優(you)良地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)特(te)色水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之一(yi)。 三、麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展歷史 據(ju)1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民共和國(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)志叢(cong)書《云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志》中(zhong)(zhong)第(di)(di)(di)176頁(ye)第(di)(di)(di)4行(xing)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai),有(you)(you)(you)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源,以(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)井麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、漕澗黑心梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、大(da)(da)(da)功廠密香(xiang)(xiang)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)特(te)品(pin)(pin)(pin),1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)面(mian)積4543畝(mu),總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)103.03萬(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。第(di)(di)(di)463頁(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)17行(xing)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai),優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)香(xiang)(xiang)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)調查(cha):舊州(zhou)鄉水(shui)(shui)(shui)井村麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(又名(ming)(ming)麥(mai)(mai)莊梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li))和大(da)(da)(da)功廠梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(又名(ming)(ming)依(yi)主(zhu)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)),以(yi)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)、晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)著(zhu)稱(cheng),可保(bao)存(cun)到(dao)來(lai)(lai)(lai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)季,為(wei)(wei)(wei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)少數(shu)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)、晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)香(xiang)(xiang)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),經過調查(cha),鑒定和推廣,至(zhi)1989年(nian)(nian)(nian),已(yi)嫁接28000株(zhu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)開發(fa)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)名(ming)(ming)特(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)找到(dao)門路(lu)。 據(ju)1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)林業(ye)志》記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)了云(yun)(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)農大(da)(da)(da)科(ke)研(yan)處(chu)高(gao)(gao)級工(gong)程師張(zhang)興旺(wang)(中(zhong)(zhong)),大(da)(da)(da)理州(zhou)經果(guo)(guo)站高(gao)(gao)級工(gong)程師汪長(chang)進(左)考察云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)片(張(zhang)昭(zhao)攝)。《云(yun)(yun)(yun)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)林業(ye)志》第(di)(di)(di)60頁(ye)第(di)(di)(di)17行(xing)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai),水(shui)(shui)(shui)果(guo)(guo)類:品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)甚多(duo)(duo)(duo),主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、蘋果(guo)(guo)、柿、梅、柑桔等(deng)(deng),梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、大(da)(da)(da)功廠梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、雪(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、漕澗黑心梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和大(da)(da)(da)黃皮梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、火把梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、人頭梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、麥(mai)(mai)皮梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、大(da)(da)(da)棠梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)。其中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)舊州(zhou)鄉水(shui)(shui)(shui)井村所(suo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣黃皮梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(特(te)晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)(shu)(shu))品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)優(you),年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)約(yue)15萬(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。在(zai)(zai)第(di)(di)(di)71頁(ye)第(di)(di)(di)2行(xing)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai),梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li):喬木、高(gao)(gao)10-15米(mi),海撥2500米(mi)以(yi)下(xia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)多(duo)(duo)(duo)有(you)(you)(you)栽(zai)培,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內16個(ge)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)麥(mai)(mai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)灣梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)佳,其特(te)點(dian)是(shi):
①果色褐黃著(zhu)紅暈,果開型扁圓端正、皮薄、果心小(xiao)、肉酥(su)脆、味密香濃甜(tian)、汁多(duo)。可溶(rong)性固形物(wu)含量為13%~17%,總糖7. 88%(已轉化為糖汁) , 總酸(suan)0. 33%, 維(wei)生素C 2.2mg / 100g,大果型重(zhong)400-800 克,中果型重(zhong)250-350 克,一般單株產(chan)400-600公(gong)斤,最高單株可達1500公(gong)斤,霜降到(dao)小(xiao)雪采摘,存(cun)放至來(lai)年(nian)陽春3月(yue)仍保持汁多(duo)濃甜(tian)酥(su)脆不變;
②樹(shu)勢強健,3月上旬(xun)萌動(dong),中旬(xun)開(kai)花,花期(qi)約20天(tian)左右(you),遇重霜花亦(yi)能正常受(shou)(shou)粉(fen),高(gao)山河谷海撥1800-2650米潮濕溫涼(liang)地(di)帶均(jun)(jun)宜(yi)栽培,嫁接后(hou)3年(nian)(nian)結果(guo),10年(nian)(nian)后(hou)進入盛果(guo)期(qi),70余年(nian)(nian)老樹(shu)仍抽新梢掛果(guo)滿枝,全樹(shu)結果(guo)均(jun)(jun)勻,木(mu)材紋理直,結構細而均(jun)(jun)勻,有優良器具和(he)雕刻(ke)用材。 據1995年(nian)(nian)出版的(de)(de)《云龍年(nian)(nian)鑒(jian)》第93第16行頁記載,〔麥(mai)(mai)地(di)灣(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)授(shou)粉(fen)試驗(yan)獲得成(cheng)功〕:1992年(nian)(nian)以來,為探索云龍麥(mai)(mai)地(di)彎梨(li)(li)(li)授(shou)粉(fen)結實(shi)(shi)規律,縣(xian)(xian)林業站經濟林果(guo)專業技術人員(yuan)與(yu)云南省農科(ke)院(yuan)果(guo)樹(shu)研究(jiu)所共同(tong)承擔試驗(yan)課(ke)題,并經試驗(yan)和(he)跟蹤觀察得出結論(lun):麥(mai)(mai)地(di)彎梨(li)(li)(li)自花授(shou)粉(fen)結實(shi)(shi)率為零,碭山酥、金花、雪花、大功廠(chang)、富(fu)源(yuan)黃梨(li)(li)(li)等(deng)梨(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)種與(yu)之授(shou)粉(fen)結實(shi)(shi)率較高(gao),主栽品(pin)(pin)種與(yu)授(shou)粉(fen)品(pin)(pin)種的(de)(de)配置比例為5:1,縣(xian)(xian)內(nei)先期(qi)開(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)純(chun)麥(mai)(mai)地(di)彎梨(li)(li)(li)園(yuan)應(ying)按比例高(gao)頭換接上述授(shou)粉(fen)品(pin)(pin)種中的(de)(de)任意一種,方能達到結實(shi)(shi)豐(feng)產目(mu)的(de)(de)。第338頁第14行記載,〔麥(mai)(mai)地(di)灣(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)精品(pin)(pin)包裝(zhuang)初(chu)見成(cheng)效(xiao)〕:麥(mai)(mai)地(di)灣(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)是縣(xian)(xian)內(nei)特有的(de)(de)優質(zhi)晚(wan)熟梨(li)(li)(li),具有很好的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場,2000年(nian)(nian)初(chu),縣(xian)(xian)科(ke)委(wei)接受(shou)(shou)“麥(mai)(mai)地(di)灣(wan)梨(li)(li)(li)”品(pin)(pin)牌開(kai)發(fa)項目(mu)后(hou),根據項目(mu)要求,組織人力、物力、突出攻關,年(nian)(nian)內(nei)完成(cheng)包裝(zhuang)設(she)計、印制、裝(zhuang)合(he)等(deng)業務。首(shou)批上市(shi)(shi)1500件,上市(shi)(shi)后(hou)受(shou)(shou)到廣大消費者普遍歡迎(ying),市(shi)(shi)場供不應(ying)求,經濟效(xiao)益顯著。
云(yun)龍麥地(di)灣梨(li)是地(di)方優質品(pin)種,通過多年的提質、技術集(ji)成,近年來已被(bei)認證為綠色食(shi)品(pin),“云(yun)南省特晚熟優質梨(li)品(pin)種”,經(jing)云(yun)龍天池(chi)林果場(chang)(chang)的示(shi)范帶動,全(quan)縣發展面積(ji)已達35000多畝,僅天池(chi)林場(chang)(chang)示(shi)范1200畝,年產梨(li)2000噸以上,2013年林場(chang)(chang)產值可達400萬元以上,同時帶動協(xie)會發展4700畝。
2014年,云龍(long)縣(xian)園藝工(gong)作站申報的“麥地(di)(di)灣梨”通過農業部農產品(pin)質量安全中(zhong)心審查和(he)組織專家評(ping)審,實(shi)施國家農產品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標志登(deng)記保護。
地域范圍
麥地(di)(di)灣梨(li)產地(di)(di)位于云南(nan)省大理白族自治州云龍縣境內(nei),涉(she)及(ji)諾(nuo)鄧鎮(zhen)(zhen)、功果橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、漕澗鎮(zhen)(zhen)、白石(shi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、寶豐鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、苗(miao)尾(wei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、檢槽鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、長(chang)新鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、關坪(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、團(tuan)結鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、民(min)建鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)共(gong)11個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),地(di)(di)理坐標為:東(dong)經98°52′~99°46′,北緯(wei)25°28′~26°23′之(zhi)間,南(nan)北長(chang)109千(qian)米(mi),東(dong)西(xi)寬91.8千(qian)米(mi),種植面積6700公頃(qing),年產量15萬噸。