產地及環境
產區(qu)(qu)地(di)處青(qing)(qing)藏(zang)高(gao)原,地(di)形復雜,大體可分為高(gao)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)、半高(gao)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)和(he)河谷區(qu)(qu)。高(gao)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)海拔3000米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上,屬(shu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣溫1~7℃(最高(gao)27.7℃,最低-28.6℃),無(wu)霜期40~129天(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量640毫米(mi)左右(you)。境內牧(mu)(mu)(mu)場寬廣,屬(shu)高(gao)原草(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)地(di),牧(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)以(yi)(yi)禾本科,莎草(cao)科為主(zhu)(zhu),少(shao)量為豆(dou)科、薔(qiang)薇科。農作物(wu)(wu)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)熟,以(yi)(yi)青(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)、春(chun)小(xiao)麥(mai)、馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯為主(zhu)(zhu),蕎麥(mai)、燕麥(mai)、蔓青(qing)(qing)等(deng)次(ci)之。畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)較發達,以(yi)(yi)牦牛(niu)(niu),綿羊量多(duo),馬(ma)(ma)次(ci)之,豬(zhu)(zhu)較少(shao),以(yi)(yi)常年(nian)(nian)(nian)放牧(mu)(mu)(mu)為主(zhu)(zhu)。半山(shan)區(qu)(qu)海拔在2000~3000米(mi)之間,屬(shu)半農半牧(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu),是(shi)藏(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)的主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)產區(qu)(qu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣溫7~12℃(最高(gao)30.2℃,最低-15℃),無(wu)霜期110~190天(tian)。氣候(hou)干燥,日(ri)照長。農作物(wu)(wu)—年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)熟或兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)三熟,以(yi)(yi)青(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)、小(xiao)麥(mai)、玉米(mi)和(he)馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯為主(zhu)(zhu),蠶豆(dou)、豌(wan)豆(dou)次(ci)之。畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)以(yi)(yi)羊、牛(niu)(niu)為主(zhu)(zhu),其次(ci)是(shi)豬(zhu)(zhu)。河谷區(qu)(qu)海拔在2000米(mi)以(yi)(yi)下(xia),屬(shu)農區(qu)(qu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣溫12~18℃(最高(gao)35℃,最低-3℃),無(wu)霜期180~300天(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量850毫米(mi)左右(you)。農作物(wu)(wu)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)兩熟,主(zhu)(zhu)產小(xiao)麥(mai)、玉米(mi),其次(ci)為水稻、青(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)、馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯等(deng)。畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)以(yi)(yi)豬(zhu)(zhu)、羊為主(zhu)(zhu),其次(ci)是(shi)牛(niu)(niu)、馬(ma)(ma)。
地理分布
迪慶藏(zang)豬主要(yao)分布在云南省的(de)迪慶藏(zang)族自治州等(deng)地。
生活習性
迪慶藏(zang)(zang)豬終年放(fang)牧,飼養管理粗(cu)放(fang),與牛、羊混(hun)群或單群放(fang)牧,以采食蕨麻、酸酸草、野蒿、野胡蘿卜(bu)、珠芽寥、野苜(mu)蓿等牧草、草籽和(he)橡樹等的(de)落果、農作物的(de)落谷為(wei)主。夏秋季(ji)(約5~10月份)野生飼料豐(feng)富,冬春季(ji)則(ze)以蕨麻和(he)草根為(wei)主。迪慶藏(zang)(zang)豬放(fang)牧性(xing)能良好,每(mei)日放(fang)牧10小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左右,據測定放(fang)牧采食時(shi)(shi)間占(zhan)86%.游(you)走和(he)休息時(shi)(shi)間占(zhan)15%,采食率14.07%。
形態特征
迪(di)慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成年公(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平均(jun)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)42.20公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),體長(chang)96.50厘(li)米(mi)(mi),胸圍77.20厘(li)米(mi)(mi),體高52.10厘(li)米(mi)(mi);成年母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)相應(ying)為:54.34公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),100.13厘(li)米(mi)(mi),87.01厘(li)米(mi)(mi),53.95厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。在(zai)放(fang)牧條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia),母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)般年產仔(zi)一(yi)窩。仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)初(chu)生重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)0.4~0.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),2~3月齡(ling)時自(zi)然斷(duan)乳(ru),斷(duan)乳(ru)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2~5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。由于(yu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)管理條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)差,母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)性野(ye)和野(ye)獸(shou)猛禽的侵害,哺育(yu)(yu)率較低。迪(di)慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)終年放(fang)牧條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia),肥(fei)育(yu)(yu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)緩慢。12月齡(ling)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20~25公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),24月齡(ling)35~40公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。在(zai)舍(she)飼(si)(si)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia),用每公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)含(han)消(xiao)化能3.3兆卡,消(xiao)化粗蛋白166克(ke)的混合料不限量飼(si)(si)養(yang),307日齡(ling)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達53.0公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),日增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)173克(ke),每公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耗混合料5.24公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。迪(di)慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)能適應(ying)惡劣(lie)的高原氣候、終年放(fang)牧和低劣(lie)的飼(si)(si)養(yang)管理條(tiao)件(jian)(jian),但屠宰(zai)率不高,皮較薄(bo),胴體中瘦肉較多,采用舍(she)飼(si)(si)不限量飼(si)(si)養(yang),雖增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較快、屠宰(zai)率提(ti)高,但胴體中脂肪含(han)量增(zeng)(zeng)多。