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產地及環境

產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地處(chu)青藏(zang)(zang)高(gao)原，地形復雜(za)，大體可分為(wei)高(gao)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、半高(gao)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)河谷區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。高(gao)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔3000米以(yi)(yi)上，屬(shu)牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣溫1～7℃（最(zui)(zui)高(gao)27.7℃，最(zui)(zui)低-28.6℃），無(wu)霜(shuang)期40～129天(tian)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)640毫(hao)米左(zuo)右。境(jing)內牧(mu)(mu)場寬(kuan)廣，屬(shu)高(gao)原草甸(dian)草地，牧(mu)(mu)草以(yi)(yi)禾(he)本科(ke)，莎草科(ke)為(wei)主(zhu)，少量(liang)為(wei)豆(dou)科(ke)、薔薇科(ke)。農(nong)作(zuo)物一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)熟，以(yi)(yi)青稞(ke)、春小(xiao)麥、馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯為(wei)主(zhu)，蕎(qiao)麥、燕(yan)麥、蔓(man)青等次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)。畜牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)較(jiao)發達，以(yi)(yi)牦牛(niu)，綿羊量(liang)多，馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)，豬(zhu)較(jiao)少，以(yi)(yi)常年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)為(wei)主(zhu)。半山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔在2000～3000米之(zhi)(zhi)間，屬(shu)半農(nong)半牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，是(shi)藏(zang)(zang)豬(zhu)的主(zhu)要產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣溫7～12℃（最(zui)(zui)高(gao)30.2℃，最(zui)(zui)低-15℃），無(wu)霜(shuang)期110～190天(tian)。氣候干燥，日照長。農(nong)作(zuo)物—年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)熟或兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)熟，以(yi)(yi)青稞(ke)、小(xiao)麥、玉(yu)米和(he)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯為(wei)主(zhu)，蠶豆(dou)、豌(wan)豆(dou)次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)。畜牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)以(yi)(yi)羊、牛(niu)為(wei)主(zhu)，其次(ci)(ci)是(shi)豬(zhu)。河谷區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔在2000米以(yi)(yi)下，屬(shu)農(nong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣溫12～18℃（最(zui)(zui)高(gao)35℃，最(zui)(zui)低-3℃），無(wu)霜(shuang)期180～300天(tian)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)850毫(hao)米左(zuo)右。農(nong)作(zuo)物一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)兩熟，主(zhu)產(chan)小(xiao)麥、玉(yu)米，其次(ci)(ci)為(wei)水(shui)稻、青稞(ke)、馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯等。畜牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)以(yi)(yi)豬(zhu)、羊為(wei)主(zhu)，其次(ci)(ci)是(shi)牛(niu)、馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)。

地理分布

迪慶藏豬主要分布在云南(nan)省的迪慶藏族自治州等(deng)地。

生活習性

迪慶(qing)藏豬(zhu)終年放牧(mu)，飼養管理粗放，與牛、羊混群(qun)或單群(qun)放牧(mu)，以(yi)采(cai)食蕨(jue)麻、酸酸草(cao)、野(ye)蒿、野(ye)胡蘿卜、珠芽(ya)寥、野(ye)苜蓿等牧(mu)草(cao)、草(cao)籽和橡樹等的落(luo)果(guo)、農作物的落(luo)谷為(wei)主。夏秋季(ji)（約(yue)5～10月份(fen)）野(ye)生(sheng)飼料(liao)豐富，冬春季(ji)則(ze)以(yi)蕨(jue)麻和草(cao)根為(wei)主。迪慶(qing)藏豬(zhu)放牧(mu)性能良好，每日放牧(mu)10小時左(zuo)右，據測定放牧(mu)采(cai)食時間占(zhan)86%．游走和休息時間占(zhan)15%，采(cai)食率14.07%。

形態特征

迪(di)慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平均體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重42.20公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長(chang)96.50厘(li)米(mi)，胸圍77.20厘(li)米(mi)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)52.10厘(li)米(mi)；成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)相(xiang)應為：54.34公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，100.13厘(li)米(mi)，87.01厘(li)米(mi)，53.95厘(li)米(mi)。在放牧(mu)條(tiao)件下，母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般年(nian)(nian)(nian)產仔一窩。仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)初生(sheng)重0.4～0.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，2～3月齡(ling)時自(zi)然斷乳，斷乳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重2～5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。由于(yu)飼養(yang)管理(li)條(tiao)件差，母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)性野和野獸猛禽的侵害，哺育率較低(di)。迪(di)慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在終年(nian)(nian)(nian)放牧(mu)條(tiao)件下，肥育豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)增重緩(huan)慢。12月齡(ling)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重20～25公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，24月齡(ling)35～40公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。在舍飼條(tiao)件下，用每公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)含(han)消化能3.3兆卡(ka)，消化粗蛋白166克(ke)的混(hun)合料(liao)不(bu)限量飼養(yang)，307日(ri)齡(ling)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重達53.0公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，日(ri)增重173克(ke)，每公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)增重耗混(hun)合料(liao)5.24公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。迪(di)慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)能適應惡劣的高(gao)原(yuan)氣候、終年(nian)(nian)(nian)放牧(mu)和低(di)劣的飼養(yang)管理(li)條(tiao)件，但屠宰率不(bu)高(gao)，皮較薄(bo)，胴體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)瘦肉(rou)較多(duo)，采(cai)用舍飼不(bu)限量飼養(yang)，雖增重較快(kuai)、屠宰率提(ti)高(gao)，但胴體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)脂肪(fang)含(han)量增多(duo)。