簡介
小香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)分(fen)兩大(da)類群:小香(xiang)(xiang)烏骨雞(ji)、小香(xiang)(xiang)白(bai)肉雞(ji),四(si)大(da)品系:黃麻羽(yu)、黑麻羽(yu)、灰(hui)麻羽(yu)、白(bai)羽(yu)(母雞(ji)的毛色),公(gong)雞(ji)是“大(da)紅公(gong)雞(ji)”,母雞(ji)120天左右開始產(chan)(chan)蛋,年(nian)產(chan)(chan)蛋量90-100枚,初產(chan)(chan)蛋重30克,平均蛋重38-40克。雞(ji)蛋營(ying)養價值高。
黔東南(nan)小香雞是貴州地方優良品種資源,2006年被列為國家品種資源平臺(tai)建設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)。
特點
主要營養成分
小香雞 普通雞
蛋白質25.3 18.5%
脂肪 0.71% 9.6%
氨(an)基酸(占(zhan)蛋白質含量(liang))74.32%
1.蛋白質主要由氨(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)組(zu)成(cheng),小(xiao)香(xiang)雞氨(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)含量占蛋白質的(de)(de)74.32%,小(xiao)香(xiang)雞的(de)(de)氨(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)中有(you)(you)44.8%是人體所(suo)必(bi)需的(de)(de)氨(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(人體自身不能(neng)合成(cheng),需從外界食物攝取的(de)(de)氨(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)稱必(bi)需氨(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan),共有(you)(you)八(ba)種)。
2.小香雞所含蛋白(bai)質屬完全蛋白(bai),易被人體消化、吸收。
3.小香雞的氨(an)(an)基酸(suan)中,含(han)量最高的是(shi)(shi)谷氨(an)(an)酸(suan),占雞體的11.4%,是(shi)(shi)純天然的“味精”(味精的主要成分(fen)是(shi)(shi):谷氨(an)(an)酸(suan)鈉,多為人工合成物,多吃對人體有害。),所以煲湯(tang)時不用加味精了!
4.小(xiao)香雞(ji)含(han)有(you)豐富的(de)磷(lin)脂類物質,對人體生長發育有(you)重要作用。
5.小香雞(ji)含(han)有獨特的(de)香氣成份,是其(qi)他雞(ji)沒有的(de)。這就是我們的(de)秘(mi)密(mi),就象(xiang)“茅臺(tai)酒(jiu)”一樣(yang),離(li)開(kai)茅臺(tai)鎮就只能叫(jiao)“珍(zhen)酒(jiu)”了。(小香雞(ji)也一樣(yang),離(li)不開(kai)榕江(jiang)的(de)天、榕江(jiang)的(de)地、榕江(jiang)的(de)水。)
生活習性
品(pin)種(zhong)及其原產(chan)地概況(kuang)黔東南小香雞(ji),具有形體小、生活力(li)強、肉(rou)香等三大優良特(te)征,原產(chan)地為貴州省(sheng)東南部的從江、榕(rong)江及黎平等縣。該(gai)區(qu)域為少數民(min)族聚集地,交通閉塞(sai),耕地稀少貧瘠,糧食與(yu)飼料匱乏(fa)。小香雞(ji)歷來以放牧式飼養,以昆蟲、草籽(zi)、果實(shi)或(huo)掉落田間(jian)的谷物等為食,早(zao)晚補飼少量玉米、小麥等原糧。雞(ji)舍(she)簡陋,甚至無(wu)圈舍(she),晚間(jian)在豬(zhu)牛欄(lan)內棲息。在上述(shu)自然、人(ren)文條件下,經原居民(min)不斷(duan)培(pei)育而形成小體形、耐粗飼、適應性強等種(zhong)質特(te)性。
體型外貌
雞(ji)的體(ti)型小,結實緊湊(cou),結構勻稱。羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毛緊密,公雞(ji)項羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)金紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)金黃色(se)(se)(se),尾(wei)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)墨(mo)綠色(se)(se)(se),主(zhu)翼(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se),鞍(an)(an)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se),背羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)黑(hei)(hei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)黃色(se)(se)(se),腹羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)、少(shao)(shao)量(liang)(liang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se);母雞(ji)項羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黃麻或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)黑(hei)(hei)麻或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)淺麻或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se),尾(wei)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和主(zhu)翼(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)黑(hei)(hei)灰色(se)(se)(se),鞍(an)(an)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、背羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、腹羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黃麻或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)褐(he)麻或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)灰麻色(se)(se)(se)。頭較小,多平(ping)頭,少(shao)(shao)鳳頭,單冠或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)少(shao)(shao)量(liang)(liang)玫瑰冠,冠齒數為(wei)6~9齒,少(shao)(shao)量(liang)(liang)有(you)胡須,虹彩為(wei)橘(ju)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)橘(ju)黃色(se)(se)(se),喙黑(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)。脛黑(hei)(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se),爪灰色(se)(se)(se),多無距(ju)毛,有(you)13% ~15% 的褲腳雞(ji),肉色(se)(se)(se)為(wei)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)烏(wu)(wu)黑(hei)(hei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)灰黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)。雞(ji)群中有(you)15%左右為(wei)小香烏(wu)(wu)骨(gu)(gu)雞(ji),毛色(se)(se)(se)與香雞(ji)群體(ti)相(xiang)同,其特征分為(wei)烏(wu)(wu)皮(pi)、烏(wu)(wu)肉、烏(wu)(wu)骨(gu)(gu)型,烏(wu)(wu)皮(pi)、烏(wu)(wu)肉、白(bai)骨(gu)(gu)型和烏(wu)(wu)皮(pi)、白(bai)肉、白(bai)骨(gu)(gu)。(腳細(xi)、短、雞(ji)指甲像(xiang)猛禽一(yi)樣向下(xia)彎曲)
體尺體重
公(gong)雞(1年以(yi)上) 母雞(1年以(yi)上)
體重 (1377±264)g (1165±250.7)g
體(ti)斜(xie)長 (16.21±2.86)cm (16.21±2.3)cm
胸寬 (6.42±0.81)cm (6.22±0.51)cm
胸(xiong)深 (8.69±1.48)cm (8.31±1.05)cm
龍骨長 (10.76±1.61)cm (9.99±0.98)cm
骨(gu)盆寬 (7.11±0.95)cm (6.78±1.21)cm
頸長 (8.85±0.92)cm (7.11±0.7)cm
頸(jing)圍 (3.87±0.46)cm (3.3±0.27)cm
生長速度
30日(ri)齡雞(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)重92.96g;60日(ri)齡體(ti)(ti)重,公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)160.98g,母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)129.37g;90日(ri)齡體(ti)(ti)重,公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)470.40g,母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)326.34g;120日(ri)齡體(ti)(ti)重,公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)497.63g,母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)496.84g;150日(ri)齡體(ti)(ti)重,公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)695.90g,母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)576.73g;180日(ri)齡體(ti)(ti)重,公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)887.66g,母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)819.08g;1周歲(sui)體(ti)(ti)重,公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)1367.79g,母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)1252g。
產蛋性能
在公(gong)司規范管理養殖的飼養條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),成年母雞平均年產蛋(dan)90-100枚(mei)(mei),枚(mei)(mei)蛋(dan)重(42.6±7.1)g。蛋(dan)形橢(tuo)圓,蛋(dan)橫徑(jing)(3.71±2.3)cm,縱徑(jing)(4.98±2.3)cm,蛋(dan)形指(zhi)數1.35。蛋(dan)殼呈(cheng)淺(qian)褐色或白色,蛋(dan)殼厚(hou)度(du)(0.5±0.1)mm,蛋(dan)黃金黃色。
繁殖性能
小香雞(ji)公(gong)(gong)雞(ji)開啼月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)3月(yue)齡(ling)(ling),初配(pei)月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)5月(yue)齡(ling)(ling),母(mu)(mu)雞(ji)開產(chan)月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)6月(yue)齡(ling)(ling),公(gong)(gong)母(mu)(mu)比例(li)為(wei)(wei)1:(12~l5)。母(mu)(mu)雞(ji)就巢(chao)性強(qiang),每年就巢(chao)5次左右,每次就巢(chao)持續(xu)30~40d。該雞(ji)產(chan)區(qu)的群眾習慣于自然孵(fu)化,多選(xuan)用春秋兩季進行孵(fu)化繁殖(zhi),每窩孵(fu)蛋20枚(mei)左右,種(zhong)蛋受(shou)精率95% ,受(shou)精蛋孵(fu)化率92%。育(yu)雛期存活率90% ,育(yu)成期成活率95% 。
產肉性能
據(ju)測(ce)定,150日齡母雞(ji)活(huo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(943.5±104.98)g,屠(tu)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(843.5±101.98)g,半(ban)凈(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(672.5±72.08)g,全凈(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(609±68.67)g,腿(tui)肌(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(124.75±21.37)g,胸(xiong)肌(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(119.12±14.65)g,腹(fu)脂(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(24.6±9.05)g;150日齡公雞(ji)活(huo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(1052.22±145.84)g,屠(tu)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(946.11±115.56)g,半(ban)凈(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(823.33±110.06)g,全凈(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(673.89±88.27)g,腹(fu)脂(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(20.64±5.63)g,腿(tui)肌(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(150.91±27.27)g,胸(xiong)肌(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(136.10±25.58)g。成(cheng)年公雞(ji)活(huo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(1413.13±250.98)g,屠(tu)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(1225±194.96)g,半(ban)凈(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(1093.75±187.01)g,全凈(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(.81±174.49)g,腿(tui)肌(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(216.63±56.51)g,胸(xiong)肌(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(149.38±31.51)g;成(cheng)年母雞(ji)活(huo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(1052.22±145.84)g,屠(tu)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(946.11±115.56)g,半(ban)凈(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(823.33±110.06)g,全凈(jing)(jing)膛(tang)(tang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(673.89±88.27)g,腹(fu)脂(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(20.64±5.63)g,腿(tui)肌(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(150.91±27.27)g,胸(xiong)肌(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(136.10±25.58)g。
養殖環境
高(gao)(gao)貴的(de)(de)雞(ji)(ji),高(gao)(gao)營(ying)養的(de)(de)雞(ji)(ji),當(dang)然要在(zai)環境優美(mei)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方進行(xing)養殖,讓雞(ji)(ji)充分運動,自己覓食,香(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)當(dang)然得到(dao)良好的(de)(de)成長,自然少生(sheng)(sheng)病,自然少用藥,小(xiao)香(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方是貴州榕江農(nong)村的(de)(de)山(shan)上,林地(di)(di),依(yi)(yi)山(shan)而建(jian),依(yi)(yi)水而生(sheng)(sheng)。有研究表(biao)明,在(zai)籠(long)養條件下(xia),26周齡時(shi)公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)平均活重(zhong)為1.77 kg,母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)1.25 kg,屠宰率(lv)和腹脂率(lv)比(bi)在(zai)農(nong)村散養下(xia)有所增加,說明適當(dang)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)營(ying)養水平可以提(ti)高(gao)(gao)小(xiao)香(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)體重(zhong)及(ji)其他相關生(sheng)(sheng)長性能。
功效與食法
(1)抗衰(shuai)老(lao)、抑制癌細胞生長:清除體內自由基、抑制過氧化(hua)脂(zhi)質(zhi)形成(cheng)。
(2)調(diao)治婦科疾病(bing):富含(han)大(da)量鐵元素,滋陰補(bu)血,健脾固沖(chong),月經不調(diao),缺鐵性貧(pin)血等(deng)。《本(ben)草(cao)綱(gang)目》記載:烏雞益產婦諸(zhu)癥。
(3)養身防(fang)病:優(you)質蛋白(bai),多(duo)種(zhong)維生(sheng)素,硒(xi)、鐵、銅、錳(meng)等微量元素,膽固醇極低,屬高(gao)蛋白(bai)、低脂肪的滋補佳(jia)品。
(4)小香(xiang)烏雞還含有DHA(不飽和脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)二十(shi)二碳六烯酸(suan)(suan))、EPA(不飽和脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)二十(shi)碳五烯酸(suan)(suan)(腦(nao)白金主要成分)),對促進兒童智力發(fa)育、預防(fang)老年癡呆、腦(nao)血(xue)栓、心肌梗塞等有食療(liao)功效(xiao)。
(5)調節生理機能,提高免疫力。
食法
(1)小香雞(ji)富含(han)維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)E,與富含(han)B族維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)的食物搭配(pei),可增強體力。如:“鮮奶+銀耳+百合+香雞(ji)”湯(tang)。
(2)小香雞連(lian)骨(gu)熬湯,溢補。
(3)沙鍋文火慢燉為最佳。
宜:少年(nian)兒童,中老年(nian)人(ren),產婦、貧血、體弱者;糖尿病患者可(ke)以吃。
忌(ji):嚴(yan)重(zhong)皮膚病患者。
產業發展
貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省科研機(ji)構農業部門從80年(nian)代(dai)初對(dui)小(xiao)香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)進行(xing)(xing)選育(yu)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)榕江山農發展(zhan)公司(si)在2004年(nian)開(kai)始對(dui)小(xiao)香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)進一步選育(yu)和開(kai)發。經過十年(nian)的(de)發展(zhan),現(xian)已(yi)和政府達成合作(zuo)項目,將小(xiao)香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)做(zuo)為榕江農業發展(zhan)重點項目進行(xing)(xing)發展(zhan),榕江縣種(zhong)雞(ji)場是小(xiao)香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)產(chan)業化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)龍頭企業,近(jin)年(nian)來,按照“公司(si)+農戶(hu)+基地(di)”的(de)定單農業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式,帶動農戶(hu)進行(xing)(xing)小(xiao)香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)綠(lv)色、有機(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),在各鄉(xiang)鎮建立合作(zuo)社(she),公司(si)擁(yong)有專(zhuan)職人員負責對(dui)農戶(hu)進行(xing)(xing)培訓,管控,已(yi)保證(zheng)小(xiao)香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)的(de)健康(kang)、生(sheng)(sheng)態的(de)培育(yu)。為地(di)區經濟做(zuo)出極大貢獻。
作為貴州特(te)色產業,中央電(dian)視臺(tai)分(fen)別在2012年和2013年先后(hou)2次在《每日農(nong)經》和《農(nong)廣(guang)(guang)天(tian)地》2個節目進行推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)。
黔東南小香雞于1985年人編《貴州省畜禽品(pin)種志》。