一、自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
黔南(nan)州地處云貴高原東南(nan)部向廣西丘陵過度的斜坡(po)地帶,山(shan)川秀美、氣候優越、生(sheng)態良(liang)好、水土肥沃(wo),平(ping)均(jun)海撥997米,年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫16.2℃,年降雨量(liang)1400毫(hao)米,森林覆(fu)蓋率達53.76%,屬典型的亞熱(re)帶濕潤季風氣候區,“低緯度、高海拔、寡日(ri)照、多(duo)云霧、無污染(ran)”兼備,特(te)殊的地理環境(jing)(jing)(jing),造(zao)就多(duo)種氣候交匯現象,優良(liang)的生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)(jing)特(te)別適宜優質茶(cha)葉生(sheng)產(chan)。俗話說“高山(shan)云霧出好茶(cha)”,境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)的茶(cha)葉集山(shan)水之靈氣,采日(ri)月之精華,茶(cha)氨酸、茶(cha)多(duo)酚、蛋白質等水浸出物平(ping)均(jun)含量(liang)均(jun)高于國(guo)家綠茶(cha)標(biao)準(zhun)。
二、地域范圍
都(dou)勻毛尖(jian)茶地域保護范圍為:貴州(zhou)省(sheng)黔南(nan)州(zhou)都(dou)勻市(shi)、貴定縣(xian)(xian)、甕安縣(xian)(xian)、平(ping)塘縣(xian)(xian)、惠水縣(xian)(xian)、獨山縣(xian)(xian)、福(fu)泉市(shi)、荔(li)波縣(xian)(xian)、羅甸縣(xian)(xian)、長(chang)順縣(xian)(xian)、龍里縣(xian)(xian)、三都(dou)縣(xian)(xian)等12個縣(xian)(xian)(市(shi))。地理坐(zuo)標為東(dong)經106°12′~108°18′,北(bei)緯25°04′~27°29′之間。保護總面積(ji)(ji)26197平(ping)方公里。種植面積(ji)(ji)200萬(wan)畝,年產量10萬(wan)噸。
三、產品品質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)觀特(te)征:外形勻整、白(bai)毫顯露(lu)、條索緊(jin)細卷曲、色(se)澤綠中(zhong)帶黃(huang)、香氣清(qing)嫩、滋味(wei)(wei)鮮濃、回味(wei)(wei)甘甜、湯(tang)色(se)清(qing)澈、葉底(di)(di)明亮、芽頭(tou)肥壯(zhuang),素(su)以“三綠透(tou)三黃(huang)”的品質特(te)征著稱于世,即干茶(cha)色(se)澤綠中(zhong)帶黃(huang),湯(tang)色(se)綠中(zhong)透(tou)黃(huang),葉底(di)(di)綠中(zhong)顯黃(huang)。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標(biao):根據貴州(zhou)省農產品質(zhi)量安全檢測中(zhong)心分析(xi),都勻(yun)毛(mao)尖(jian)茶營養豐富,其(qi)中(zhong)茶多酚15-22%,咖啡(fei)堿3.8-5.0%,茶氨(an)酸(suan)0.9-1.5(g/100g),谷(gu)氨(an)酸(suan)0.2-0.3(g/100g),酪氨(an)酸(suan)0.05-0.1(g/100g),精氨(an)酸(suan)0.008-0.02(g/100g)、亮氨(an)酸(suan)0.03-0.05(g/100g)等(deng)。都勻(yun)毛(mao)尖(jian)茶生產嚴(yan)格按照《貴州(zhou)省地方標(biao)準(zhun)-都勻(yun)毛(mao)尖(jian)茶》(DB52/T433—2015)標(biao)準(zhun)規定組織生產,各項質(zhi)量技術指標(biao)符(fu)合規范要求(qiu)。
四、特定生產方式
都勻毛(mao)(mao)(mao)尖茶(cha)栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區域(yu)通常(chang)選擇生(sheng)態條件良好,遠(yuan)離污染源,坡(po)(po)度(du)25度(du)左右的山坡(po)(po)或丘陵地帶,土(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)酸性(以(yi)(yi)(yi)PH值4.0—5.0最佳),土(tu)層深(shen)(shen)厚,最好是1m左右,一般要(yao)求0.5m以(yi)(yi)(yi)下且無(wu)硬石,土(tu)地盡(jin)量集(ji)中連(lian)片(pian),海拔高度(du)在800—1200m為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。主(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)福鼎大白中小葉(xie)(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、貴(gui)定鳥(niao)王種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、都勻毛(mao)(mao)(mao)尖群體種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),栽(zai)(zai)苗(miao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)秋末冬初和早春(chun)2-3月為(wei)(wei)宜(yi),采(cai)(cai)(cai)用單(dan)行或雙行條栽(zai)(zai)方式種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,坡(po)(po)地茶(cha)園等(deng)高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植前(qian)施足有機肥(fei),深(shen)(shen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)30cm—40cm,畝栽(zai)(zai)5000株左右。當苗(miao)長到20-30cm高時,在11月底或次年(nian)2-3月進行修剪,距地面(mian)15-20cm處剪去主(zhu)枝,第(di)二次修剪距上次修剪部位高15-20cm,以(yi)(yi)(yi)此類推,連(lian)續(xu)3年(nian)定剪。采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘分為(wei)(wei)手(shou)工(gong)(gong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘和機械(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘。手(shou)工(gong)(gong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘是手(shou)提采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘法,禁止(zhi)掐采(cai)(cai)(cai)和帶老(lao)葉(xie)(xie)雜物采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘。機械(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘適宜(yi)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)整(zheng)齊(qi)、生(sheng)長勢強(qiang)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘面(mian)平(ping)整(zheng)的茶(cha)園。采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘要(yao)求:“五不(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)”,不(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)紫色、單(dan)片(pian)、雨水(shui)葉(xie)(xie)、病害、蟲害的芽(ya)(ya)葉(xie)(xie);不(bu)夾(jia)帶茶(cha)蒂(di)、茶(cha)梗、茶(cha)籽、魚葉(xie)(xie)和老(lao)葉(xie)(xie)。都勻毛(mao)(mao)(mao)尖茶(cha)茶(cha)青等(deng)級分類為(wei)(wei)四個級別:
1、珍品:單芽到(dao)一芽一葉(xie)初(chu)展(zhan);
2、特級:一芽一葉;
3、一級(ji):一芽二葉;
4、二(er)級(ji):一芽(ya)二(er)葉50%以(yi)上,幼嫩(nen)的(de)一芽(ya)三(san)葉及其同等嫩(nen)度對夾葉和(he)單片(pian)葉在50%以(yi)內。都勻毛尖茶的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝分(fen)為手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和(he)機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝兩種(zhong)。手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程:鮮(xian)葉→茶青分(fen)級(ji)→攤(tan)青→殺青→揉捻(nian)→做(zuo)形→提毫→烘焙足干→出鍋(guo)→審評歸(gui)類(lei)→拼樣官(guan)(guan)堆裝(zhuang)箱→入庫貯(zhu)存(cun)。機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝:鮮(xian)葉→茶青分(fen)級(ji)→攤(tan)青→殺青→冷卻(que)攤(tan)涼→揉捻(nian)→初烘→做(zuo)形提毫→ 烘焙足干→拼樣官(guan)(guan)堆裝(zhuang)箱→入庫貯(zhu)存(cun)。
五、包裝標識相關規定
本規定地(di)域(yu)范(fan)(fan)圍內的(de)都勻毛尖(jian)茶的(de)經營者,在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品或包裝上使用(yong)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志,須向(xiang)黔(qian)南州茶葉產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)發展管理辦(ban)公(gong)室提(ti)出申請(qing),按(an)照相關要求規范(fan)(fan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)和使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志,統一采用(yong)都勻毛尖(jian)茶產(chan)(chan)(chan)品名稱和農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識相結合(he)的(de)標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注方(fang)法。